Biography
Iyo yekutanga yeRussia Nobel Laureate Ivan Alekseevich Bunin inonzi Jeweleir weShoko, proves-murwori, manyoro emabhuku eRussia uye mumiriri weSirivheri. Vatsoropodzi vatsoropodzi vanobvuma kuti muBuninsky vanoshanda kune iyo hama nemifananidzo yeViktor Vrnetsov, uye pane nyaya yenyaya uye nyaya yeIvan Alekseevich yakafanana naMikhal vrubel's canvas.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Vakararama vacho Ivan Bunin vanopokana kuti "kubereka", aristocracy akanzwa mumunyori. Hapana chaungashamisika: Ivan Alekseevich inomiririra murandakadzi wekare, inobuda nemidzi muZimbabwe century. Kosi yemhuri yejasi remabhonwi inosanganisirwa mu gerberbhi yekuzvara kwekubereka kweHurumende yeRussia. Pakati pemadzitateguru emunyori ndiye muvambi wekudanana, munyori wellad uye nhetembo dzeVasily zhukovsky.
Ivan Alekseevach akaberekerwa muna Gumiguru 1870 muVoronezh, mumhuri yemukuru wemweya Alexei bunin, akaroora kuRoudarola Caubariro, mukadzi ane vanyoro, asi fungidziro. Iye ndokubereka murume wake wevana vapfumbamwe, kubva kwaakapona paari vana.
Mu Voronezh, mhuri yakafamba makore mana kusvika pakuzvarwa kweIvan kunopa kuumbwa kwevana vadiki Julia naEugene. Yakagadziriswa mufurati repareni pamugwagwa mukuru wakanaka. Ivan paakanga aine makore mana, vabereki vakadzokera ku generic estate yebhodhoro munzvimbo ye oryel. Uhu hweBunin hwakaitirwa papurazi.
Rudo rwekuverenga mukomana akaiswa gutener - mudzidzi weMoscow University Nikolai RomashKokov. Imba Ivan Bunin akadzidza mitauro, achiisa pfungwa paLatin. Mabhuku ekutanga akaverengerwa pamabhuku avo emunhu emunyori wenguva yemberi - "Odyssey" of Homer uye muunganidzwa wetsiva eChirungu.
Muzhizha ra 1881, baba vakaunza IVan kusvika pamazera. Mwanakomana mudiki akapfuura bvunzo uye akapinda mugiredhi re1 rechirume rekurovedza muviri. Kutarisa Bunin aifarira, asi haina kunetsekana sainzi chaiyo. Mutsamba iri, mukoma mukuru Vanya akabvuma kuti bvunzo mumasvomhu dzinofunga nezve "zvinotyisa kwazvo". Makore mashanu gare gare Ivan Bunin akadzingwa kubva kuGymnasium pakati pegore rechikoro. Jaya rine makore gumi nematanhatu rakauya kuimba yaBaba veOzera pamazororo eKisimusi, uye haana kuzombodzoka kumazera. Kuti utadze kuoneka mumitambo yekurovedza muviri, murume uyo akasarudzika mukomana. Mumwe mukuru Hama Julius aive akabatikana kuumbwa kweIvan.
Mabhuku
Mumadziva akatanga nzvimbo yekugadzira yeIvan Bunin. Muzvivakwa, akaramba achishanda pa "hobby" akatangazve maronda, asi basa risati rauya muverengi asati auya. Asi nhetembo yemunyori wechidiki, yakanyorwa pasi pekufungidzira kwekufa kwechifananidzo - iyo nhetembo yembeu dzeNadon - rakabudiswa muJurnal ".
Muimba yababa, nerubatsiro rwaHama Ivan Bunin yakagadzirirwa bvunzo dzekupedza kudzidza, dzakapfuura ivo ndokugamuchira gwaro rekukura.
Kubva pamavhuvhu we 1889 kusvika zhizha ra 1892, Ivan Bunin akashanda mumagazini "OrLovsky bulletin," uko nyaya dzake, nhetembo uye zvinyorwa zvekunyora zvakadhindwa. MunaAugust 1892, Jurius akadana Hama muPoltava, uko Ivana yakarongedzerwa post yerarai muhurumende yeProvince.
MunaJanuary 1894, munyori akashanyira Moscow, kwaakasangana nawo muMweya weLV Tolstoy. SaLev Nikolayevich, Bunin Anoshoropodza Budiriro yeGuta. Munyaya dze "Antonovskiy maapuro", "Epitaph" uye "mugwagwa mutsva" unofungidzirwa nezvinhu zvekunze, zvinozvidemba nekuzvidemba kwekusungwa.
Muna 1897, Ivan Bunin akapa bhuku "pamucheto wechiedza" muSt. Petersburg. Gore rakamboshandurwa nheyo henry longfello "rwiyo rwe gruvate". Alkei, Saadi, Francesco Petrararca, Adam Mitskevich naGeorge Baron vakaonekwa mukushandurwa kweBunin.
Muna 1898, kuunganidzwa kweIvan Alekseevich "Vhura-mweya" kwakaburitswa muMoscow, kudziya kwevanotsoropodza nevatsoropodzi nevaverengi. Makore maviri gare gare, Bunin akapa vadette vadikani kubhuku rechipiri renhetembo - "Rondedzero inodonha", chiremera chinozvidzwa se "nhetembo yeiyo" mudetembi yenyika ". St. Petersburg Academy weScience muna 1903, Ivan Bunin anopihwa yekutanga pushkin mubairo, ichiteverwa neyechipiri.
Asi munharaunda yemagariro Ivan Bunin yakawana mukurumbira we "zvekare-yechinyakare nzvimbo yenyika". Mukupera kwegumi nemasere, "Mafashoni" peturu Valery Brsusev, akakuunzira mumhepo yeRussia emumaguta ", uye neArexander block nemagamba ake echokwadi. Maximhian Volosin muReveren weBunin Unganidzo "nhetembo" yakanyora kuti Ivan Aleeksevich akazviona kunze "kubva pakufunga kwependi", buthasi raakapenda, "canvas" yaakakwana ". Mienzaniso Yekukwana uye Kuzvipira kune Classics yekushora Fonera nhetembo "Ini ndinorangarira imwe nguva yakareba yechando mangwanani" uye "manheru".
Ivan Bunin-mudetembi haagamuchire chiratidzo uye anotarisa anotarisa pane zviitiko zvekuchinja zve1905-1907, achizvikudza nechiso "chikuru neuswa". Muna 1910, Ilevseevich inoburitsa nyaya "musha", izvo zvakatanga kutanga "mabasa akati wandei, mweya wakapinza, uchirova mweya weRussia." Kuenderera mberi kweakateedzana kunova nyaya "Sukhodol" uye nyaya "simba", "hupenyu hwakanaka", "hupenyu hwamachinda wamachinda",
Muna 1915 Ivan Bunin paPeak of Peopleity. Nhau dzaro dzinozivikanwa "Mr. Kubva kuSan Francisco", "girama rerudo", "kufema kuri nyore" uye "Sonya Chang". Muna 1917, munyori anosiya shanduko petrograd, ichidzivisa "kutyisa kwomuvengi." Kwehafu yegore, Bunin aigara kuMoscow, kubva ipapo muna Chivabvu 1918 kuruboshwe, kwaakanyora diary "mazuva ekuchinja kwake uye nehasha uye nehasha dzesimba reBolshevik.
Munyori, achishora simba idzva, ane njodzi kuramba ari munyika. MunaJanuary 1920, Ivan Alekseevich anoenda Russia. Anosiya konstantinopol, uye muna Kurume inozobuda muParis. Pano kuunganidzwa kwenhau dzinonzi "Mr. Kubva kuSan Francisco", iro vateereri vanosangana nemufaro.
Kubva zhizha ra1923, Ivan Bhunin aigara kuVilla "Belvederere" muuswa hwekare, apo Sergey Rachmanino akamushanyira. Mumakore awa, nyaya "rudo rwekutanga", "manhamba", "Rosa Jerman" uye "Mitin rudo" rinobudiswa.
Muna 1930, Ivan Alekseevich nyaya "mumvuri weshiri" uye akapedza basa rakakosha kwazvo rakagadzirwa mukukwira, - Hupenyu hweRoma Arsenyev ". Tsananguro yekuwana kwegamba yakasvashidzwa kusuruvara nekusuruvara kweRussia yakapfuura, "mumaziso edu mumaziso edu ari pfupi pfupi pfupi pfupi pfupi."
Mukupera kwe1930s, Ivan Bhunin akatamira kune villa "Jeannet", kwaaigara mukati mehondo yechipiri yenyika. Iye munyori anonetsekana nezvematanho okunamata uye achifara akasangana nenhau nezvekukunda kudiki kweSoviet mauto eSoviet. Bunin aigara muhurombo. Nezve chinzvimbo chake chakaoma chakanyora:
"Ndakanga ndakafuma - zvino, nekuda kwenyambadzi, pakarepo kuve kunetseka ... Kwaive nemukurumbira wepasirese - ikozvino ini handidi munhu wepanyika ... ndinoda kuenda kumba!"Iyo villa yakanyungudika: Iyo yekudziya system haina kushanda, kwaive nekuvhiringidzwa nemagetsi uye nemvura. Ivan Alekseevich akaudza shamwari dzake nezve "bako rakasimba nzara" mutsamba. Kuti uwane kanenge chidiki chidiki, bunin akabvunza shamwari iyo yakasiya muAmerica pane chero mamiriro ezvinhu ekuburitsa muunganidzwa "mushonga wakasviba". Iri bhuku racho mukufamba kweRussia kwemakopi mazana matanhatu rakabudiswa muna 1943, nekuti iye munyori akagamuchira madhora mazana matatu. Unganidzo yakapinda nyaya "yakachena Muvhuro". Iyo yekupedzisira nyanzvi Ivan Bunina ndi "husiku" nhetembo - yakabuda muna 1952.
Vari kuvanzika vaongorori vakaona kuti nyaya dzake neCinematographic nyaya. Kekutanga pane kuongororwa kwemabasa eIvan Bunin, producalwood pakataurwa, uyo akataura chishuvo chekutsiva iyo firimu maererano nenyaya ya Mr. San Francisco. Asi nyaya iyi yakazopera nekutaura.
Mukutanga kwa1960, vatungamiriri veRussia vakatarisa kune basa re compatriot. Iyo firimu pfupi pane nyaya yeMitina Rudo yakabviswa vaSisly Pichul. Muna 1989, iyo pendi "Incomperet chitubu" yakaburitswa pane zvikwangwani zvezita rimwe chete bunin.
Muna 2000, firimu-biography "diary yemukadzi wake" inotungamirwa nemudzidzisi weAlexey, umo nhoroondo yehukama mumhuri yaakadzidziswa.
Resonance yakakonzera yekutanga yeDrama "Sunflow" Nikita Mikhalkov muna 2014. Iyo tepi yaive yakavakirwa pane iyo nyaya yezita rimwe chete uye bhuku rinonzi "mazuva eyan".
Nobel Mubairo
Kekutanga Ivan Bunin anosarudzwa nekuda kweiyo Nobel Mubairo muna 1922. Kukwikwidza kweNobel Pomen Romen Rollland yakakohwa. Asi ipapo mubairo wakapihwa kudethi reIrish William Wetsu.
MUNA 1930S, vanyori veRussia vanobatana vakabatana nechirongwa ichi Mukukwidza mhere, zvakanzi akawana mubairo we "nhandaro mukuputika kweiyo chaiyo yeRussia hunhu."
715 zviuru zvezviuru zvezviuru zveTavE Ivan Bunin akafamba nekukurumidza. Hafu yemwedzi yekutanga yakagoverwa kune avo vanoda munhu wese akatendeukira kwaari kuti abatsirwe. Kunyangwe vasati vagamuchira mubairo, munyori akabvuma kuti akagamuchira mavara 2000 achikumbira mari.
Makore matatu mushure mekutumirwa kweiyo Nobel mubairo, Ivan Bunin akakwira muurombo hwakajairwa. Kusvikira pamugumo weupenyu hwake, iye haana kuve neimba yake. Best Bunin yakarondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu ezvinyorwa mune pfupi nhetembo "shiri ine dendere", ipo pane mitsara:
Chikara chine nora, shiri ine dendere.Mwoyo unorova, zvinorwadza kwazvo,
Paunopinda, kubaya, mune imwe yemumwe munhu imba
Naye versa yake machira!
Hupenyu Hwako
Rudo rwekutanga muve munyori wechidiki akasangana paakashanda mu "Oryol Gazette." Barbara Paschenko - Runako Rwiyo muPensna - rakaonekwa kune bunin zvakare anozvikudza uye akasimudzwa. Asi munguva pfupi akawana anonakidza mubvunzi mumusikana. Roman yakatanga, asi baba vaBarbara vaive nejaya remurombo rine tarisiro yemitambo haina kuda. Vaviri vaigara vasina muchato. MuMoirs yake, Ivan Bunin Anodaidza Bharbaru - "mudzimai wemukadzi asingatendi."
Mushure mekutamira kuPoltava, pakanga pasina hukama hwakaoma. Varvarra - Musikana kubva kumhuri yakachengetedzwa - a Nishchenskoe kuvapo: Akasiya imba, achisiya bongozozo yezita rekuda. Pasina nguva, Paschenko akava mushandi weActor of the Arseny Bibikov. Ivan Bunin akanyanya kusimuka, hama dzakatya kuupenyu hwake.
Muna 1898, Ivan Alekseevich akajairana naAnna Zakney muOdessa. Akave mukadzi wekutanga mukadzi weBunin. Mugore rimwe chete remuchato rakaitika. Asi pamwe chete, vakaroora vakararama kwenguva yakareba: vakatanga makore maviri gare gare. Mwanakomana wega wemunyori akazvarwa muwanano - Nikolai, asi muna 1905 Mukomana akafa necarlantine. Pakanga pasisina vamwe vana paBunin.
Rudo rwehupenyu hweIvan Bunin mukadzi wechitatu vera muromancev, uyo waakasangana naye muMoscow, pamupata webhuku munaNovember 1906. Muromanva ipamberi pevakadzi vechikadzi makosi, Chemistry aifarira chemistry uye akapedza mitauro mitatu yakasununguka. Asi kubva mukunyora Boherian kutenda zvaive kure.
Vanyowani vakaroora vacho vakaroora kutama, muna 1922: Makore gumi nemashanu haana kupa murambasi weBunner. Chever kumuchato aive Alexander Muprin. Vakaroorana vakararama pamwe chete kurufu rwechipfuva, kunyange hupenyu hwavo husina makore. Muna 1926, runyerekupe pamusoro pechinhu chinoshamisa chedarika. Munyori wechidiki gayaznetsova vaigara muimba yaIvan uye nekutenda, kwaIvan Bunin photos.
KuzNetsosov call iyo yazvino munyori. Kumusha varoorani vaBunin, akararama kwemakore gumi. Nhamo Ivan Alekseevich akapona paakadzidza nezvekuchiva kweGarina kune hanzvadzi yeSisimusi Fyodor Stewna - Margarita. Kuznnetsova akabuda paimba yeBunin uye akaenda kuMargo, iyo yaive yakakonzera kushungurudzika kwemunyori. Ivan Alekseevich shamwari dzakanyora kuti bunin panguva iyoyo yaive padanho rekupenga uye kupererwa. Akashanda kwezuva, achiedza kukanganwa mudiwa wake.
Mushure mekuparadzanisa neKendersova Ivan Bunin akanyora 38 Novel, inosanganisirwa muunganidzwa "mushonga wakasviba".
Rufu
Pakupera kwema1940, vanachiremba vakaonekwa kuBunin Erumbidze mapapu. Pakusimbirira kweMedokov, Ivan Alekseevich akaenda kunzvimbo yekuzorora kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Asi mamiriro ehutano haana kuvandudzika. Muna 1947, Ivan ane makore makumi manomwe nemanomwe Bunin akagadzira nguva yekupedzisira kufarirwa nevanyori vevanyori.
Urombo hwakamanikidzwa kukumbira kubatsirwa kubva kuRussia Emiort Andrei Sadykh. Akasiyira munhu airwara ekurwara pamudyandigere kubva kuAmerican PhilantrapPu Frank Atra. Kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hweBunin, Ashran akabhadhara zviuru gumi pamaFranc kumunyori pamwedzi.
Mukupera kwekusevha kwa1953, nyika yehutano Ivan Bunin yakawedzera. Haana kumuka kubva pamubhedha. Nguva pfupi ndicho rufu, munyori akabvunza mukadzi wake kuti averenge mavara eChkhovi.
Musi waNovember 8, chiremba akataura kufa kwaIvan Alekseevich. Icho chikonzero chaive nemoyo asthma uye sclerosis yemapapu. Ndakaviga iyo nobel oreate pamakuva eSell-gedera de Boua, iyo nzvimbo iyo mazana eRussia anowanikwa mawoko.
BHAIBHERI
- "Antonovsky maapuro"
- "Musha"
- "Sukhodol"
- "Kufema zviri nyore"
- "Kurota Musa"
- "LITAT"
- "Girama yerudo"
- "Mitina rudo"
- "Mazuva Achitariswa"
- "Sunstroke"
- "Hupenyu Arseneva"
- "Caucasus"
- "Rima Allys"
- "Cold Autumn"
- "Nhamba"
- "Wakachena Muvhuro"
- "Cerm cerine elagina"