Biography
Japanese philosopher, thinker, ideologist of liberals of the late XIX century, writer and translator Fukudzava Yukiti very much in the homeland. He is the author of ideas about the state of the state that marked the Epoch of Enlightenment in the country of the Rising Sun, put an end to the politics of self-insulation and gave impetus to the formation as a world power. And Yukiti founded the University of Cayo and became the first president of the Japanese Academy of Sciences, having a huge impact on the social thought of his time.Childhood and youth
Yuki was born in early 1835 in Osaka in a simple family with modest prosperity. Fukudzava is the second child of a large family. Father, a small nobleman, worked in the treasury of the feudal seen. He died suddenly when the boy was a year and a half. Mother with children, without having a means of life in Osaka, returned to his homeland, in the town of Oceanha in the northern part of Cussy Island.
On the biography of the future thinker, the death of the Father was discontinued: because of the launch of Fukudzawa, he was already a teenager: for the school desk he sat down at 14. As if compensating for late, the guy gnawing the granite of science with a doubled dust, overtaking classmates.
In the mid-1850, the elder brother of the philosopher, who passed into the legacy of the post of his parent, sent Fukudzavava to the port of Nagasaki, to the Dutch settlement to study the language. According to the idea of Senior Yukiti, then the younger had to master the military business. But he only listened to the introductory course and, wanting to learn further, moved to Osaka. Here in the private guest house, Ogati, he took up the natural sciences and became the best student.
In 1857, having achieved heights in physics, chemistry and physiology, Fukudzava Yuki was headed by an educational institution. Career Yukiti developed rapidly. In the 1858th, the ruler invited him to his palace in Tokyo to teach the Dutch language Samurai Principality. In the late autumn of the same year, the young teacher opened his board, which later turned into the University of Cayo.
4 years before that, in 1860, Fukudzava visited America, where he met the device of the social system of the country. Upon returning to the Motherland became the translator in the government. In the same quality, Yukti went on a year with a mission to Europe. Having been in France, England, Germany and other countries, returned home in late 1863, thoroughly studying the economy and the social structure of European states.
Returning to Japan, where civil war broke out, fell to the government, although he was an opponent of conservatism power. Fukudzava dreamed of the country's openness, after visits to Europe adhered to liberal views. The new government offered a scientist high positions in its ranks, but he refused.
Books
In the mid-1860 Fukudzava published the first book - a three-volume book called "the state of affairs in the West", which entered his observations while traveling. Labor began a story about the social arrangement of the lives of those countries that the author visited. During the year, the three-volume book of the enlightement was separated by a circulation exceeding 200 thousand copies.In 1867, the bibliography was replenished with three new guidebook books and translations. In 1872, the author published the work "Call for Teaching," where the feudal system criticized and promoted education. The writing disassembled quotes. In the mid-1870, the scientist presented his chief work - "A brief essay of the theory of civilization."
In the 1900th, the emperor awarded the thinker of 50 thousand yen, which was huge at that time money. In front of the University of Keio installed Bust Yukiti.
Personal life
In the early 1860s, the scientist married. Spouse O'kin Toki gave him nine children.
Fukudzava's personal life has happened happily. The wife divided the views of her husband, who trained her accounting. She led the book of home spending and at the end of the year, together with his spouse, led the balance of the family budget. The photo of the philosopher is not preserved or children.
Death
The scientist died aged 66 years in Tokyo. His heart stopped fighting in early February 1901. The cause of the death of Fukudzava is unknown. The place of burial of the thinker became the Buddhist Temple of Dzhempukhu-Ji, one of the oldest in Tokyo.Bibliography
- 1866-1869 - "Position of the West"
- 1872 - "Call for Knowledge"
- 1875 - "Short essay of the theory of civilization"
- 1875 - "Call for teaching"
- 1877 - "On decentralization"
- 1878 - "Popular Lectures on the Rights of the People"