Ubuzima
Rudolf Abeli ni Umuskuti w'umunyabwenge, umuntu wabayeho mu buzima make kandi yari azwi ku mazina atandukanye, yakomeje kuba amayobera kubasobeye n'abakomokaho. Isi yose yamennye umutwe, ninde muntu w'amayobera udafite izina nibyahise, ariko numufana wa pasiporo mumufuka. Ahagana mu mutungo wa nyuma wa komanisiti Rudolph waele, washimishijwe n'abashinjacyaha be kandi ahunga intebe y'amashanyarazi, Stephen Spielberg yakuyeho filime "Spy Bridge" yatowe kuri Oscars esheshatu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina nyaryo rya Rudolf Abeli - William Hernichovich Fisher. Abaskuti b'icyamamare bavukiye mu Bwongereza mu muryango w'igitsina gore-Bolshevik Henry Fisher hamwe n'urukundo rw'impinduramatwara w'Uburusiya rwa Korneeva. Umuhungu wa kabiri yitiriwe "Umwami w'amakuba" ya William Shakespeare. Umuvandimwe mukuru wa William Harry nyuma arapfa, agerageza gukiza umukobwa arohama mu ruzi.
Mu busore bwe, Willie yakundaga umuziki, yakundaga gushushanya, hanyuma amenya amabanga amwe n'amwe umugambi wo gucungura se. Abana bakuze mu kazi, batandukanye n'ukuri n'umwuka ukomeye.
Ku myaka 15, Fisher Jr. yashoboye gukora kuri Urwenya no kwiyandikisha muri kaminuza i Londres, ariko ntiyabonye umwanya wo kwiga, kubera ko kubera imyizerere ya politiki, ababyeyi bahisemo kwimukira muri USSR. Ngaho, umuryango wahawe umwanya mu murimo w'abaturage, kandi william yabonye akazi mbere y'umusemuzi, hanyuma igishushanyo mbonera cyabakozi.
Mu 1922, Fisher yinjiye muri Vhutemas - ikigo gishinzwe uburere n'ubuhanzi kandi cya tekiniki - ariko icyerekezo cya Avant-gahoro, cyagombaga guhagararira aho, maze ava mu rukuta rw'amahugurwa. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, byatangiye kwiga siyanse yuburasirazuba mugituvu cya Moscou, byatoranijwe n'Ubuhinde.
Igihe Fisheri yize amasomo imwe, yahamagariwega ingabo, aho yinjiye mu ruganda rwa Radiyo Telegraph. Gukorera muri sosiyete ya Elite imyaka 4, yiyerekanye nka radiyo ya Otnaya no kunyura mu ntera ya ofisiye. Bidatinze, byagaragaye neza ko ari Komsomots gukorera mu ishami ry'ububanyi n'amahanga z'ubutabazi mu mahanga. Muri biografiya rero yumunyagihugu wizerwa nuwizerwa, amakuru yagaragaye.
Ubwenge
Mu 1930, William Fisher yahawe uruhushya na Ambasade y'Ubwongereza gusubira mu gihugu cye, ariko ntiyajya mu Bwongereza ako kanya. Amaze imyaka 4 akora akazi muri Noruveje, aho yajyanye n'umugore we n'umukobwa we.Urugendo rukurikira rwari rumaze kuba mu Bwongereza nka radiyo iyobowe na Alexander Orlov, ruzwi cyane nka Sudede. Nyuma yo guhemukira no guhunga William uheruka guhatirwa gusubira muri Soviediarusiya, aho uhagera byiyongereye kuri Liyetona.
Muri iki gihe, William yahuye yimukira mu bundi rwego rw'ubutasi, Rudolph Abel, witwa nyuma yaje guhamagarwa ku ibazwa ry'Abanyamerika.
Bitewe no gukora isuku murwego rwa NKVD mu 1938, radar yirukanwe, nubwo yifuza cyane gukomeza ubwenge. Ubushobozi bwo kongera kuba igihugu nyuma yo gutangira intambara. Nkvd yari akeneye amaradiyo kugira ngo ashyireho ibice bya Persand inyuma y'umwanzi. Ni imyitozo y'abarobyi kandi yizewe.
Nyuma y'intambara, guca intege ubuhanga no gusenya Uburusiya bukeneye amakuru cyane ku bijyanye n'ibibazo mu burengerazuba: gahunda za Amerika, ubushobozi bwabo bwa kirimbuzi, ubwanwa. Twari dukeneye umuntu ushobora gukora umuyoboro mubi. Ibihugu byafashe umwanzuro wo kohereza William Fisher, kandi ibya nyuma mu nshuro z'umuhanzi Emil Godilfusi yatuye i New York, niko byaracyaye. Umuryango w'abaskuti wagumye i Moscou.
Nta muntu ukekwaho gufotora mu kinyabupfura, umuhanzi, hamwe n'igiti n'ikirahure cya champagne mu buryo bushya bwa resitora nshya ya bohemia y'isi nshya, umukozi w'Ubutagatifu. Kwihisha ntibyari byinshi byatsinze, kandi munsi yizina ryiswe abarobyi bateguye umuyoboro mugari wa muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru na Amerika y'Epfo. Kubikorwa byatsinze, William yakiriye itegeko rya banneri itukura.
Ifatwa
Hari akazi kenshi mu Amerika, kugira Reyo Hayehanna (Agent Izina Vic) yohereza gufasha inzego z'iperereza, ariko ubuyobozi z'Abasoviyeti ntiyigeze nka Leta mu mutwe wa Reyno, kandi yari yiyemeje kubikuza ku Vika Moscow. Hayehanen yishyize mu bayobozi b'Abanyamerika, kandi ikirango cyanyuze icyarimwe. Moscou yari azi kubyerekeye kumeneka, ariko ntiyabonye umwanya wo kwimura umukozi.
Ku ya 20 Kamena 1957, abapolisi bavunitse mu byumba Hotel Laten maze bata muri yombi William Fisher.
Komiseri Swing yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: "Twari tuzi uwo ari we igihe yajyanwaga.Ifite amatsiko yo ku mazuru mu kimenyetso cya polisi, hagamijwe gutuza kwa Olempike, byangije ibimenyetso byingenzi. Bivugwa ko yababajwe n'imyitwarire y'abarinzi b'ukuri, Fisher yabajije ikaramu kwandika ikirego, imbere yabo birahira neza ku banganira, bajanjagura ku rupapuro no gukaraba mu musarani. Ariko, inzu iracyabona "intama zashyizweho": Microplenches na Transmvuster.
Muri uwo mwaka, urubanza rukomeye rwa Rudolph Ivanovich Abel yatangiriye i New York. Yitwa rero abayobozi b'Abanyamerika bashinzwe iperereza ry'abasoviyeti mu Busosiya butemewe. Ariko, iki nicyo kintu cyonyine yabwiye uwagukorera waguzwe mu kubeshya, nta nubwo akeka ko Rudolf yemeye yari asanzwe afite imyaka ibiri.
Mu ibazwa, Abeli yacecetse, ibirego by'urya ibirego byanze, ntibyagiye mu mbaraga na FBI, kandi inama zanze isano iyo ari yo yose n'abafashwe. Kutamenya icyo gukora kuri we, Abanyamerika baciriyeho iteka Rudolph imyaka 32 muri gereza. Amerika ntiyabonye ko Abeli "yahujije" inama yamakuru yerekeye ubukungu, umutungo wo kurwana, ariko icy'ingenzi ni ibikoresho byo kurema ibisasu bya atome.
Umukobwa wa William Evelyna Fisher yabwiye ko muri gereza yatangajwe n'imirimo y'imibare, yigishije indimi na slitora, irangi.
Kwibohoza
Rudolf Abeli yari kumarana burundu muri gereza, ariko ibintu byarahindutse cyane, igihe isanduku y'Abanyamerika yarashwe hafi ya Sverdlovsk, wangaga imbaraga za Francis. Ubushakashatsi bw'Abasoviyeti bwahise ahita amutambuka no kwamagana imyaka 10 muri gereza.Abeli mu kwibuka ati: "Ibyiringiro byanjye byo gusonerwa vuba muri gereza ni ibyiringiro bitanyeretse igihe cyose - ubu byungutse ubutaka nyabwo."Amerika yashakaga gusubiza umugabo we ikaba yemera kungurana ibitekerezo. Iki gikorwa cyakozwe ku kiraro cya Glyniki. Usibye umuderevu, Usss yagombaga guha umunyeshuri wa Amerika ukekwaho ubudasiba. Bibiri kuri imwe. Ivunjisha ryakozwe na RGB Umuyobozi wa Yuri Drozdov n'abavoka babiri - Wolfgang Fogel na Amerika ya James Donovan.
Ati: "Twese hamwe twagiye mu mpera z'Abasoviyeti, twinjira mu modoka na nyuma yo kujya mu nzu nto, aho nari nteganijwe n'umugore n'umukobwa wanjye. Urugendo rw'imyaka cumi n'ine ishize rwarangiye! "Nyuma yo kungurana na William Fisher yakomeje umurimo we mubwenge, ariko ntabwo ari umurimo, ahubwo nkumujyanama.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umukozi w'Abaskuti yari Umusaruzi Elena Lebedev, uwo William yashakanye mu 1927. Mu bashakanye, umugabo wavutse ari Umukobwa we Evelyn. Mu rugendo rw'imyaka itatu mu Bwongereza, Fisher Fisher yigishije ballelet. Nyuma yaho, Fisherah yakijije mwishywa wa Elena w'umukobwa Lidia. Padiri Lida Boris Leberdev yacitse, kandi nyina apfa azize igituntu.
Nyuma yo kugaruka muri Amerika, William yamaze umwanya munini ku kazu ka Mytishchi: afotora, nasomye byinshi, ndetse nsohoka igikona, kokambo, karlusch yitwa. Inyoni ifatanye cyane na William.
Urupfu
William Fisher yapfuye ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 1971, icyateye urupfu rwa kanseri y'ibihaha. Ubwenge, erudite, nta buntu na databuja umugambi mubisha afite imyaka 69. Abaskuti bashyinguwe ku irimbi rishya, mbere nka Rudolf Abeli, kugira ngo batamenya imico ye nyayo, ariko nyuma izina ryukuri ryabaskuti ryanditse ku mva.Inzoga nyinshi zarashwe ku biro bya William Fishera: "Abeli utazwi" Yuri Linkevich na Tenconalmatiya y'Uburusiya ya "Amerika yakorewe Rudolf Abeli" 2009. Kandi yarekuye igitabo "Ububiko bw'ibanga bw'Ubutabisi bw'Abasoviyeti butemewe", aho ibikoresho kuri William Fisher, bitangaje muri iki gihe: Amabaruwa yandikiwe umugore we, amabaruwa yarokotse. Abayo mugihe bakomeje gushira umwuga nubuzima bwihariye bwumukozi uzwi.
Ibihembo
- Amabwiriza atatu ya banneri itukura
- Gahunda ya lenin
- Urutonde rwabakozi banneri itukura
- Gahunda yintambara yo gukunda igihugu
- Gahunda yinyenyeri itukura
- Imidari
Kwibuka
- 1965 - Roman Vadim Kozhevnikova "Ingabo n'inkota" (Prototype)
- 1990 - Urukurikirane rwa posita ya Ussr hamwe nishusho yubusapendence
- 2008 - Filime Inyandiko Yuri Linkevich "Abeli utazwi"
- 2009 - Filime "y'Amerika Guverinoma ya Rudolf Abeli" (Umukinnyi Yuri Belyaev)
- 2015 - Filime Stephen Spielberg "Bridge Bridge" (Umukinnyi Mark Rielanx
- 2015 - Urukiko rwibanze William Herrykhovich Fisher i Samara ku nzu nimero 8 kumuhanda. Umuzamu
- Umuhanda wa Abel Scout muri Soutrishchi hafi ya Moscou