Biography
URudolf Abel sisiScout Scout, umntu owayephila ubomi obutshatileyo kwaye wayesaziwa phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo, eyayihlala iyimfihlakalo yabantu abadala kunye nabazukulwana. Ilizwe liphela laphuka intloko, ngubani lo mntu ungaqondakaliyo ngaphandle kwegama kunye nexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa nge-fan yepasipoti epokothweni. Malunga nearhente yokugqibela yobukomanisi iRudolph Apele, eyachukumisa abatshutshisi kwaye isisileyo isisihlalo sombane, uStephen Spielberg wasusa ifilimu "ibhulorho etyunjwe kwi-oscars ezintandathu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama lokwenyani laseRudolf Abel - UWilliam HiningIchIch Sharsher. I-Scoutry Scout yazalwa eNgilane kwintsapho ye-uqhawulo-mtshato-Bolshevik Henry kunye nothando lwaseRussia lwe-korneeva. Unyana wesibini ke wabizwa ngokuba "nguKumkani weNtlangothi" kaFiyam Shakespeare. Umntakwabo wakwaYaliam Harry kamva wasweleka kamva, bezama ukusindisa intombazana emlanjeni.
Ebutsheni bakhe, uWillie wayekuthanda umculo, wathanda ukutsala, emva koko wafunda iimfihlelo zenzuzo kuYise. Abantwana bakhule kwindawo yokusebenza, bahlukile kwinyaniso kunye nomoya onamandla.
Kwiminyaka eli-15, yokuloba JR. bakwazile ukusebenza kwi-Treapper kwaye babhalise eyunivesithi eLondon, kodwa babengenalo ixesha lokufumana imfundo apho, kuba abazali bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele e-USSR. Apho, usapho lwanikwa igumbi kwinkonzo yoluntu, kwaye uWilliam wafumana umsebenzi kuqala ngumguquleli, kwaye ke umkhambo kwinkonzo yaseburhulumenteni.
Ngo-1922, uFisher wangena kwiZiko leMfundo neMfundo leMfundo kunye nezoBugcisa - kodwa uLawuli-uLawuni lwalufundiswa apho, wayengafunekiyo apho, azishiya iindonga zendibano. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yaqala ukufunda iSayensi ye-Orintantal kwiZiko leMoscow, olukhethwa yi-India.
Xa uFisher ufunde ikhosi enye, wabizwa emkhosini, apho wangena khona kwi-radiography telegram. Ukusebenza kwiNkampani ye-Elite iminyaka emi-4, yazibonisa njenge-Otnaya iRadiacomer kwaye idilizwe kwiGosa. Kungekudala eqondakalwe kakuhle ukuba ibe yi-Komomolets ukuba isebenze kwiSebe lezobuchwepheshelo lolawulo lobukrelekrele lwangaphandle. Ke kwi-biography yesiNgesi esithembekileyo nesobemi baseSoviet, ubukrelekrele buvele.
Ubukrelekrele
Ngo-1930, abalobi be-William bafumana imvume kwi-Britash Fobsty ukuba ibuyele kwilizwe lakhe, kodwa ayizange ibuyele eNgilani kwangoko. Kwiminyaka emi-4 awayezibandakanya e-Norhente yeNorway, apho wayehamba khona nenkosikazi yakhe nentombi yakhe.Uhambo olulandelayo lweshishini lwalusele e-UK njengesikhululo sikanomathotholo phantsi kobunkokeli be-Alexander Orlov, kwaziwa njengeSwede. Emva kokungcatsha kwaye ukubaleka kwe-William yokugqibela kwanyanzeleka ukuba ibuyele eSoviet Russia, apho kufika khona i-lieutenant.
Ngeli xesha, uWilliam wadibana waza wafudukela kwelinye igosa lobukrelekrele, uRudolph Abheli, ogama lakhe labizwa ngokuba linciniselwano lwabantu baseMelika.
Ngenxa yokucocwa kwezikhundla ze-NKVD ngo-1938, i-radar igxothiwe, ngaphandle komnqweno wakhe wokuqhubeka nobukrelekrele. Ukukwazi kwakhona ukusebenza njengelizwe emva kokuqala kwemfazwe. I-NKVD yayifuneka kwi-radistrists ukuba inxibelelane kwiindawo zokuqala ngasemva kotshaba. Yindawo yokuloba kunye nabathembekileyo abasebenzi.
Emva kwemfazwe, ubuqhetseba buphanzisile kwaye batshabalalisa iSoviet Russia bafuna ulwazi ngemeko yemicimbi kwi-West: iCwangciso le-US, amanqanawa abo enyukliya. Sifuna umntu onokwenza inethiwekhi ebanzi ye-ament. I-States igqibe kwelokuba ithumele i-William Fisher, kwaye le yokugqibela phantsi kolawulo lomculi iGoldfus ihlanjululwe eNew York, kokupeyinta ngakumbi. Intsapho yeScout ihleli eMoscow.
Akukho mntu ukrokrelweyo kwifoto entle kunye nomculi, nge-cigar kunye neglasi ye-champagne ehamba kwiindawo zokutyela ezazikho phakathi kwe-booyo yehlabathi eliphakathi, iarhente yeSoviet yobukrelekrele. Ukufihla ifilindlela kwakungaphezulu kokuphumelela, kwaye phantsi koMarkonmobinm Ark ucwangcise uthungelwano olubanzi lwe-amerudududm olucwangcise inethiwekhi enkulu emantla nasezantsi kwePhondo. Umsebenzi ophumeleleyo, uWilliam wafumana iodolo yebhendi ebomvu.
Ukubanjwa
Kwakukho umsebenzi omninzi eMelika, ngoko ke reyo hayhanna (iarhente yegama vic) ithunyelwe ngoncedo lwengqondo, kodwa kwagqitywa kwelokuba igqitywe yi-vika e-vika ukuya e-vika e-vika ukuya e-vika eMoscow. IHayewanen yanikezela kumagunya aseMelika, kwaye uphawu lwadlula ngaxeshanye. I-Mscow yayisazi malunga nokuvuza, kodwa yayingenalo ixesha lokuphuma iarhente.
Nge-20 kaJuni, 1957, amapolisa aphulwe egumbini langxhren kwaye ebanjiwe uWilliam Fisher.
"Besisazi ukuba ungubani xa wathatyathwa," uMkojishino uJoseph jikani uxelele iintatheli.Inomdla wokwazi ukuba phantsi kweempumlo kumanqaku amapolisa, kunye nembonakaliso yeOlimpiki, itshabalalisa obu bungqina bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngamaxesha akhutyekiweyo kukuziphatha kwabagcini bomyalelo, uFisher wacela ipensile yokubhala isikhalazo, phambi kwabo ukufunxa ufihlo, kuqhubekile kwindlu yangasese. Nangona kunjalo, igumbi, igumbi lasafumana "i-SPY Cwangcisi": Iikripthi kunye nokuTshisa.
Kwakuloo nyaka, uvavanyo olukhulu lweRudolph Ivanovich Abel waqala eNew York. Ibizwa ngokuba yiGosa leNgingqi yaseMelika yeSoviet engekho mthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, le kuphela kwento awayithethayo kwinkohliso, ngaphandle kokurhanela ukuba iRudolf yokwenene yayisele ineminyaka emibini ubudala.
Ngexesha lokuncinwa, u-Abheli wayethi cwaka, izityholo zase-Espionia zakhalela, azizange ziye kwi-FBI nge-FBI, kwaye icebiso lakhanyela naluphi na unxibelelwano olubanjiweyo. Engazi ukuba ndenze ntoni, abantu baseMelika bagweba iRudolph iminyaka engama-32 entolongweni. I-United States ayifumani nto ukuba i-Abheli "idityaniswe" ngengcebiso yolwazi malunga noqoqosho, iluma izibonelelo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukudala iibhombu zeatom.
Intombi kaWilliam Evelyna yaxelela ukuba kwiNjongo yobukrelekrele yangonwabisi ngemisebenzi yemathematics, yafundisa iilwimi kunye ne-silkogras.
Inkululeko
URudolf Abeyeli uza kuchitha ubomi bonke entolongweni, kodwa imeko itshintshe kakhulu, xa inqwelo moya yaseMelika yadutyulwa kufutshane neSverdlovsk, elawula amagunya eFrancis. Ubukrelekrele beSoviet ngoko nangoko bambamba kwaye bagwetyelwe iminyaka eli-10 entolongweni.UAbheli wase-Abheli wabhala: "Ithemba lam lokuxolelwa lithemba elingekandishiyanga ngalo lonke ixesha - ngoku bafumene umhlaba wokwenyani.I-United States yayifuna ukubuyisela indoda yakhe kwaye inikelwe ukutshintshiselana ngobukrelekrele. Umsebenzi wenziwa kwi bhulorho ye-glyniki. Ukongeza kumqhubi wenqwelomoya, i-USSR kwafuneka inike umfundi waseMelika ukrokrelwa i-Espionage. Ezimbini zenye. Ukutshintshiselana kwaqhutywa ligosa leKGB ye-YURIA PARZDOV NAMBINI AMABHUNGA - FOGANIG FOEEL AMANDLA AMANQAKU NAMAMelika uDoanovan.
"Ngokudibeneyo siye kwi-soviet yokuphela kwebhulorho, sangena kwiimoto kwaye emva kwexesha laqhuba waya kwindlu encinci, apho bendilindelwe ngumfazi nentombi yam. Uhambo lweshishini elineminyaka elishumi elinesine luphelile! "Emva kokutshintshiselana nge-William Fload baqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ngobuchule, kodwa hayi njengomsebenzi, kodwa njengomcebisi.
Ubomi Buqu
Umqeshwa we-Scout yayingumvubu-lakhwe uElenaLeeeev, apho uWilliam watshata ngo-1927. Emtshatweni, isibini sazalelwa intombi uEvelyn. Ngexesha lohambo lweshishini oneminyaka emithathu eNgilane, ukuba kuthengiswa kwe-Elena ifundiswe i-ballet. Emva kwexesha, intlanzi isuse umtshana we-Elena Girl Lidia. Utata uLida boris Leris Ledis, kwaye umama wakhe wasweleka esifo sephepha.
Emva kokuba ebuyele e-US, uWilliam wachitha ixesha elininzi kwigumbi le-Mytishchi: efotwe, ndafunda nobukhulu, kwaye ndaphuma umthumbo, obizwa ngokuba yiKarlus. Intaka inamathele kakhulu ku-William.
Ukufa
U-William Fisher wasweleka ngoNovemba 15, 1971, unobangela wokufa yayingumhlaza wemiphunga. Ingqondo, i-EREDIte, engachazwanga yinkosi yelensoction yayineminyaka engama-69 ubudala. I-Scouts ingcwatyelwe kwimida yenzuza yedonon, kuqala njengoRudolf, ukuze kungabonakali ubuntu bakhe bokwenyani, kodwa kamva igama lokwenyani le-Scout libhalwe engcwabeni.Amaxwebhu aliqela adutyulwa malunga ne-William Rozy " Kwaye yakhupha incwadi ethi "Indawo yogcino olufihlakeleyo yeGosa leNgingqi leSoviet ngokungekho semthethweni", apho izixhobo ze-Williet zingekho mthethweni) Abantu bexesha eliphakathi basaqhubeka nokubeka umsebenzi kunye nobomi bobuqu begosa lobukrelekrele abadumileyo.
Amabhaso
- Ii-odolo ezintathu zesibhengezo ezibomvu
- I-odolo yeLenin
- I-odolo yebhendi ebomvu yabasebenzi
- I-odolo yeMfazwe yeLizwe
- I-odolo yenkanyezi ebomvu
- Iimbasa
Imemori
- Ngo-1965 - iRir vadim Kozhevnikova "Shield nekrele" (i-prototype)
- Ngo-1990 - uthotho lweetamps zeposi ze-USSR ngemifanekiso yobukrelekrele
- Ngo-2008-Ifilimu yoxwebhu yi-Yuri Linnkevich "I-Abheli engaziwayo"
- Ngo-2009 - ifilimu "urhulumente wase-US uchasene neRudolf Abel" (Astor Yuri Belyaev)
- Ngowama-2015-Ifilimu uStephen Spielberg "Spy Bridge" (Astor Mark Rielanx
- Ngo-2015 - IPlanks yeSikhumbuzo i-William HerryKshovich Fishar kwinombolo yesi-8 esitratweni. Unogada
- Isitalato i-ABEL SOOCHCHI kufutshane neMoscow