I-Biograge
URudolf Abel ungumScout waseSoviet, umuntu owayephila impilo embalwa futhi wayaziwa ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene, okwakuhlala kuyimfihlakalo kubantu besikhathi kanye nenzalo. Umhlaba wonke wephule ikhanda lakhe, ubani lo muntu ongaqondakali ngaphandle kwegama nangesikhathi esedlule, kodwa nothandekayo wamaphasiphothi ephaketheni lakhe. Mayelana ne-ejenti yokugcina yeCommunism Rudolph Ayele, eyayihlaba umxhwele abashushisi bakhe futhi yaphunyuka esihlalweni sikagesi, uStephen Spielberg wasusa ifilimu "Spy Bridge" eqokwe ama-Oscar ayisithupha.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama langempela likaRudolf Abel - UWilliam Hernichovich Fisher. I-Scout edume ngokuzalwa yazalelwa eNgilandi emndenini wesehlukaniso saseJalimane - iBolshevik Henry Fisher kanye nothando lweRussia Revolutionary lweKorneeva. Indodana yesibili yaqanjwa ngokuthi "inkosi yale nhlekelele" kaWilliam Shakespeare. Umfowethu osemfowethu waseWilliam Harry wafa, ezama ukusindisa intombazane ecwila emfuleni.
Ebusheni bakhe, uWillie wayewuthanda umculo, owayethanda ukudweba, khona-ke wafunda izimfihlo zokuba nguyise. Izingane zikhule endaweni yokusebenza, zazihlukile engokoqobo nomoya onamandla.
Ngonyaka we-15, uFisher Jr. wakwazi ukusebenza ngomkhumbi futhi wabhalisa eyunivesithi eLondon, kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi sokuthola imfundo lapho, ngoba ngenxa yezinkolelo zezepolitiki, abazali banqume ukuthuthela e-USSR. Lapho, umndeni wanikezwa indawo enkonzweni yomphakathi, futhi uWilliam uthole umsebenzi okokuqala ngumhumushi, wabe esekhabethe eSebenzayo.
Ngo-1922, ama-Fisher angenile i-vhutelas - isikhungo semfundo sobuciko nezobuchwepheshe - kodwa ukuqondiswa kwe-avant-garde, okwakufundiswa lapho, bekungafanele ukufukula, futhi washiya izindonga zomhlangano. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, kwaqala ukutadisha isayensi yaseMpumalanga eMoscow Institute, yakhetha yiNdiya.
Lapho uFisher efunde isifundo esisodwa, wacelwa empini, lapho angena khona emsakazweni we-Telegraph. Ukusebenza enkampanini e-Elite iminyaka emi-4, kukhombisile njenge-radiosist ye-Otnaya futhi yabekade idimoni esikhundleni sesikhulu. Ngokushesha kwafakazelwa kahle ukuthi ama-komsomolets azosebenza eMnyangweni Wezenyeli Amanye Amazwe Angaphandle. Ngakho-ke e-Biography of the English Uthembeti Nesakhamuzi saseSoviet, kuboniswe ubuhlakani.
Ubuhlakani
Ngo-1930, uWilliam Fisher wathola imvume ehhovisi laseBrithani ukuze abuyele ezweni lakubo, kepha akazange aye eNgilandi ngokushesha. Kwaphela iminyaka emi-4 egasele e-Ejenti eNorway, lapho eya khona nonkosikazi wakhe nendodakazi yakhe.Uhambo lwebhizinisi elilandelayo lwaluvele luse-UK njengesiteshi somsakazo ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Alexander Orlov, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iSwede. Ngemuva kokukhaphela nokuphunyuka koWilliam wokugcina kwaphoqelelwa ukuba babuyele eSoviet Russia, lapho ukufika kukhuphuka kuLieutenant.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uWilliam wahlangana futhi wathuthela kwelinye isithunzi kwezobunhloli, uRudolph Abela, ogama lakhe labizwa kamuva ngoJesu.
Njengomphumela wokuhlanza ezinhlwini ze-NKVD ngo-1938, kuxoshwa i-radar, yize isifiso sayo esithandekayo sokuqhubeka nobuhlakani. Amandla okuphinda asebenze njengezwe ngemuva kokuqala kwempi. I-NKVD yayidingeka ama-COASISOCS UKUXHUMANA NOKUXHUMANA NOKUXHUMANA KWESIKHATHI. Kungumsizi kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi abathembekile.
Ngemuva kwempi, kwebuthakathaka kwezomnotho futhi kubhujiswe iSoviet Russia kunolwazi oludingekayo ngesimo sezinto eziseNtshonalanga: amapulani ase-US, amandla abo enuzi, angaphansi komhlaba. Sasidinga umuntu ongadala inethiwekhi ebanzi ye-ejenti. Izifundazwe zanquma ukuthumela uWilliam Fisher, kanye nokugcina ngaphansi koMdwebi womculi u-Emil Goldfus zahlala eNew York, lapho kupenda khona kahle. Umndeni wakwaScout wasala eMoscow.
Akekho osolwa ngumthwebuli wezithombe onenhlonipho kanye nomculi, nge-cigar kanye nengilazi ye-champagne enyakaza endaweni yokudlela edumayo ye-soyo phakathi kwe-bohemia yezwe elisha, i-ejenti yeSoviet yezobunhloli. Ukufihla kwakungaphezu kokuphumelelayo, futhi ngaphansi komdomu we-pseudonym mark kuhlela inethiwekhi ebanzi ye-agent enyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Ngomsebenzi ophumelelayo, uWilliam uthole i-oda lesibhengezo esibomvu.
Bopha
Kube nomsebenzi omningi eMelika, ngakho-ke uReyo Hayehanna (igama le-Agent Vic) elithunyelwe kusizo lobuhlakani, kepha ubuholi baseSoviet abaluthandi isimo sengqondo sikaReyno, futhi kwanqunywa ukuhoxisa i-Vika eMoscow. UHayehanen wazinikela kwiziphathimandla zaseMelika, futhi uhlobo lomkhiqizo ludlule ngasikhathi sinye. IMoscow yayazi ukuvuza, kepha yayingenaso isikhathi sokukhipha umenzeli.
NgoJuni 20, 1957, amaphoyisa aphulwe egumbini lasehhotela lasehhotela lagcina futhi abopha uWilliam Fisher.
"Besazi ukuthi ungubani lapho ethathwe," kusho uKhomishani uJoseph Swing etshela izintatheli.Kunelukuluku lokuthi ngaphansi kwalona ekhaleni emaphandleni uphawu lwamaphoyisa, ngesibonakaliso sokuzola kwama-Olimpiki, kwabhubhisa ubufakazi obubaluleke kakhulu. Kusolwa ukuthi ucasulwe ngokuziphatha kwabaqaphi be-oda, umdobi wacela ipensela ukuthi abhale isikhalazo, phambi kwabo bamshayele ngqo ekubetheni, bashaye ishidi futhi bagezwa bangene endlini yangasese. Kodwa-ke, ifulethi lalisatholwa "isethi yenhloli": ama-microplensen kanye nama-transmitters.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqala ukuqulwa kwecala likaRudolph Ivanovich Abel eNew York. Ngakho-ke ngibizwe ngokuthi iziphathimandla zaseMelika I-Soviet I-Intanethi Enkulu ngokungekho emthethweni. Kodwa-ke, le yinto kuphela atshela i-Fabeerer ethenge inkohliso, ngaphandle kokusola nokuthi uRudolf Abel wangempela wayeseneminyaka emibili ubudala.
Ngesikhathi kuphenywa ngemibuzo, u-Abela wathula, ukumangalelwa kwe-espionage kwenqatshelwa, akuzange kuqhubeke ukuthengiselana ne-FBI, futhi izeluleko zikuphikile noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nalokho okuboshiwe. Ukungazi ukuthi yini okufanele ngiyenze Naye, amaMelika asola uRudolph iminyaka engama-32 ejele. I-United States ayitholanga ukuthi u-Abela "wahlanganisa" ngeseluleko solwazi mayelana nomnotho, izinsizakusebenza, kepha into ebaluleke kakhulu izinto zokwakha amabhomu e-athomu.
Indodakazi kaWilliam Evelyna Fisher yatshelwa ukuthi ejele ubuhlakani lalijabulisa imisebenzi yezibalo, yafundisa izilimi kanye nemidwebo ependiwe.
Ukukhululwa
URudolf Abel wayezosebenzisa impilo yonke esejele, kepha isimo sesishintshile kakhulu, lapho indiza yaseMelika idutshulwa eduze kwaseSverdlovsk, ophethe amandla kaFrancis. I-Soviet intelligence yambopha ngokushesha futhi yalahla iminyaka eyi-10 ejele."Amathemba ami okuxolelwa okusheshayo ejele anamathemba angangishiyanga ngaso sonke isikhathi - manje bathole inhlabathi yangempela," kubhala u-Abela ngezinkumbulo zakhe.I-United States yafuna ukubuyisa indoda yakhe futhi yacela ukushintshanisa ubuhlakani. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ebhulohweni le-glyniki. Ngaphezu komshayeli wendiza, i-USSR kwadingeka inikeze umfundi waseMelika osolwa ngokulandelana. Amabili kweyodwa. Ukushintshaniswa kwenziwa yi-KGB Officer Yuri Drozdov nabameli ababili - uWolfgang Fogol noJames Donovan.
"Ngokubambisana siye emaphethelweni eSoviet ebhulohweni, sangena ezimotweni kwathi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile sangena endlini encane, lapho ngangilindelwe khona ngumkami nendodakazi yami. Uhambo lwebhizinisi oluneminyaka engu-14 luphelile! "Ngemuva kokuthi ukushintshaniswa kukaWilliam Fisher kwaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe ngobuhlakani, kepha hhayi njengokusebenza, kodwa njengomeluleki.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isisebenzi se-Scout sasivuna u-Elena Lebedev, lapho uWilliam ashada khona ngo-1927. Emshadweni, kwazalwa umbhangqwana ebhodlweni u-Evelyn. Ngesikhathi sohambo lwebhizinisi oluneminyaka emithathu eNgilandi, u-Elena Fisher wafundisa i-ballet. Kamuva, iFisherched yashefa umshana ka-Elena Girl Lidia. Ubaba uLida Boris Lebedev wanqunywa, futhi umama wakhe washona ngenxa yesifo sofuba.
Ngemuva kokubuya e-US, uWilliam wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekotishi laseMytishchi: ethwetshulwe, ngafunda kakhulu, waze waphuma iqhude, elibizwa nguKarluusch. Inyoni inamathele kakhulu kuWilliam.
Ukushona
UWilliam Fisher wafela ngoNovemba 15, 1971, imbangela yokufa yayingumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ubuhlakani, i-EREDITE, I-ALER BASTRACTION MASAY YENDLELA YAMA-69. Ama-Scouts angcwatshwe emathuneni amasha, okokuqala njengoRudolf Abela, ukuze angavezi ubuntu bakhe beqiniso, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi igama langempela le-Scout eliqoshwe ethuneni.Amadokhumenti ambalwa adutshulwe nge-William Fishera: "Abel" u-Abela "uYuri Lilonkevich kanye nedokhumenti laseRussia" Uhulumeni wase-US ngokumelene noRudolf Abel "2009. Futhi wakhipha incwadi ethi "UMgcinibisho Wemfihlo We-Soviet Interance Officer Ofly", lapho izinto zokwakha uWilliam, ziyehlisiwe ngalesi sikhathi: Izincwadi eziya kumkakhe nendodakazi yakhe, zisindile ezingobonweni zezithombe. Abantu besikhathi esiphila nabo basaqhubeka nokubeka umsebenzi kanye nokuphila komuntu kwephoyisa elidumile.
-Zuzayo
- Ama-oda amathathu wesibhengezo esibomvu
- Ukuhleleka kwe-lenin
- Order of Labour Red Banner
- Ukuhleleka kwempi yempi yempi ye-I degree
- Ukuhleleka kwenkanyezi ebomvu
- Izindondo
Ukukhumbula
- Ngo-1965 - Roman Vadim Kozhevnikova "Shield nenkemba" (prototype)
- 1990 - Uchungechunge lwezitembu zemeyili ze-USSR enemifanekiso yezobunhloli
- Ngo-2008 - Ifilimu elibhaliwe yuri lilongvich "Abel Abel"
- Ngo-2009 - Ifilimu "Uhulumeni wase-US ngokumelene noRudolf Abel" (Umlingisi uYuri Belyaev)
- 2015 - Ifilimu Stephen Spielberg "Spy Bridge" (Umlingisi uMark Rielanx
- 2015 - Amapulangwe eSikhumbuzo uWilliam Herrykhovich Fisher eSamara endlini yezinombolo 8 emgwaqweni. Umuntu ophaqisayo
- U-Abel Scout Street eSootshchi eduze kwaseMoscow