Nikolai Gumilev - Biography, Amafoto, Ubuzima Bwawe, Ibisigo nibitabo

Ubuzima

Nikolai Gumilev, imivugo ye yakuwe mu buvuzi bw'ivabuva ku buvanganzo mu gice cya kabiri cya 1920, yari ishusho ya The Teorsiarts yizeraga abikuye ku mutima ko Ijambo ry'ubuhanzi ridashobora guhindura imitekerereze y'abantu gusa, ahubwo rishobora no guhindura ibintu bikikije.

Kurema imigani y'imyaka ya feza yaterwaga na mysvieds ye, aho igitekerezo cyo kwizihiza Umwuka hejuru yumubiri ninshingano wiganje. Mu buzima bwose, kwirukana nkana ibihe bikomeye, bigoye bifatika kubwimpamvu imwe yoroshye: mugihe cyo gutandukana kwibyiringiro no gutakaza umusizi byaje guhumeka.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Ku ya 3 Mata 1886, Stepyan Yakovlevich Gumilov n'umugore we Anna Ivanovna bavutse ari umuhungu, yitwaga Nikolai. Umuryango wabaga mu mujyi wa KronsAdt wo mu cyambu, nyuma yo kwegura k'umutware w'umuryango (1895) bimukiye i St. Petersburg. Nkiri umwana, umwanditsi yari umwana ubabaza cyane: Imitwe ya buri munsi yazanye Nicholas grenzy, kandi yiyongereyeho ibyiyumvo, impumuro kandi uburyohe bwatumye ubuzima bwe budashobora kwihanganira.

Mugihe cyo kwingirika, umuhungu yatunganijwe rwose mumwanya kandi akenshi ashuka kumva. Ubuhanga bwe bwa Ubuvanganzo bwigaragaje afite imyaka itandatu. Hanyuma yandika umusaya wa mbere "yabayeho niagara." Nikolai yageze muri Tsarsko Setkom Symnasium yo kugwa kwa 1894, ariko yigamo amezi abiri gusa. Kubera icyerekezo cye, Gumilev yakorewe inshuro nyinshi kuruhande rwa bagenzi be. Kugira ngo atakomeretsa umwana na psche yumwana, ababyeyi baturutse mu byaha bari kure y'umuhungu we mu ruganda ruga.

1900-1903 Umuryango wa Gumilev wariye muri Tiflis. Ngaho, abahungu ba Stenani na Anna bakosoye ubuzima. Mu kigo cy'uburezi cyaho, aho umusizi yatozwaga, igisigo cye cyasohotse "Nahungiye mu ishyamba mvuye mu migi ...". Nyuma yigihe gito, umuryango wasubiye mu mudugudu wa cyami. Ngaho Nikolai yongeye kwiga muri siporo. Ntabwo yakuweho ku bumenyi nyabwo cyangwa siyanse itabona. Hanyuma Gumilev yahangayikishijwe nakazi ka Nietzsche kandi yamaze igihe cyose cyo gusoma akazi ke.

Kubera ibyihutirwa byateguwe nabi, Nicholas yatangiye gutera ubwoba cyane gahunda. Gusa nimbaraga zumuyobozi wa Gymnasium - Umusizi-Deveden I.f. Annensky - Gumilev Mu mpeshyi ya 1906 yashoboye kubona icyemezo cyo gukura. Umwaka umwe mbere yikibazo, igitabo cya mbere cyimivugo ya Nicholas "Inzira ya Conquisadors" yasohowe ku babyeyi.

Ubuvanganzo

Nyuma y'ibizamini, umusizi yagiye i Paris. Mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, yasuye ibiganiro ku kunegura ubuvanganzo muri SORBONNE kandi yari agenga imurikagurisha. Mu gihugu cy'umwanditsi cya Marseille Prousta Gumilev yashyize ahagaragara ikinyamakuru cy'ubuvanganzo "Sirius" (ibyumba 3 byasohotse). Ndashimira BRYOV Gumilev, nagize amahirwe yo kumenyana na Hippius, hamwe na MezozHovsky, n'umweru. Ubwa mbere, Masters yashidikanyaga ku mirimo ya Nicholas. Igisigo "Androgin" cyafashije abakozi ba Artiste kubona umuhanga mu buvanganzo bwa Gumilov no guhindura uburakari ku mbabazi.

Muri Nzeri 1908, gutera imbere kwagiye mu Misiri. Mu minsi ya mbere yagumye mu mahanga, yiyeguriye nk'umukerarugendo usanzwe: yasuzumye ibiboneka, yiga umuco w'imiryango yaho kandi yaguze muri Nili. Iyo amafaranga arangiye, umwanditsi yatangiye kwicwa no kurara mu muhanda. Paradoxique, ariko izo ngorane ntizasoneye umwanditsi muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose. Kubeshya byateje amarangamutima meza muri yo. Amaze gusubira mu gihugu cye, yanditse ibisigo byinshi n'inkuru ("imbeba", "cat", "giraffe", "ingwe", "impyisi").

Abantu bake barabizi, ariko imyaka ibiri mbere yurugendo, yaremye imivugo yibisigo yitwa "capitaine". Uruziga rwari rugizwe nibikorwa bine byunze ubumwe byerekana ingendo. Inyota yibitekerezo bishya yasunitse Gumilov yiga mu majyaruguru y'Uburusiya. Mugihe cyo gukundana n'umujyi wa Belomorsky (1904) mu kanwa k'uruzi, umusizi yabonye hieroglyphs yari ashushanyijeho ahantu hahanamye. Yari azi neza ko yabonye igitabo cyamabuye yicyamama cya legeriary, ukurikije kwizera, yarimo ubumenyi bwambere ku isi.

Duhereye ku nyandiko yahinduwe, Gumilev yamenye ko umutware w'igisamba yashyinguwe ku kirwa cy'umubiri w'umudage w'umuhungu we n'umukobwa, no ku kirwa cy'Umubiri w'Uburusiya - umugore. Abifashijwemo n'Umwami w'abami Gumilev, bateguye urugendo rw'umubiri, aho yakinguye imva ya kera. Agezeyo yavumbuye "hyperborean" idasanzwe.

Nk'uko umugani wa kabiri washyizeho, Nikolai wahawe umwanya wa ballerime Matilde Matilde KsheSheskaya. Abahanga bavuga ko ikimamara kikiri kiryamye mu bubiko bwa Kshesin muri St. Petersburg. Nyuma gato yo gutembera, iherezo ryumwanditsi ufite umushakashatsi wumufana wumugabane wirabura - Umunyeshuri wigisha wishuri radillov. Umusizi washoboye kumvisha amoko kwandikisha umufasha we mu rugendo rwa ayssinian.

Muri Gashyantare 1910, nyuma y'urugendo ruvanze muri Afrika, yasubiye mu mudugudu w'ibwami. Nubwo kugaruka kwe kwatewe n'indwara mbi, guhera kwambere kwa Mwuka na Remons Nta gisigo. Amaze kurangiza gukora mu gukusanya ibisigo "amasaro", ubushakashatsi bwongeye kujya muri Afurika. Kuva mu rugendo, yagarutse ku ya 25 Werurwe 1911 muri Cibble y'isuku afite igitero cy'ubushyuhe.

Yakoresheje ku gahato kugira ngo akore ku buryo bwo gutunganya ibintu byakusanyirijwe hamwe, byaviriyemo indirimbo za Abyssinian, zashyizwe mu cyegeranyo "Ikirere kinyamahanga". Nyuma y'urugendo muri Somaliya, umusiko wa Afurika "Mick" yabonye urumuri.

Mu 1911, Gumilev yashinze "iduka ry'abasizi", harimo abahagarariye benshi mu bahagarariye Uburusiya (Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Narsariko, Sergey Gorodetsky). Mu 1912, Gumilsov yatangaje ko hagaragaye hagaragaye ibihangano bishya by'ubuhanzi - Aqmeism. Imivugo ya Aqmeistov yatsinze ibimenyetso, gusubiza ubunini no gukoresha imiterere yimivugo. Muri uwo mwaka, Aqmeist yafunguye inzu yabo bwite "hypergori" n'ikinyamakuru cy'izina rimwe.

Gumilev igihe umunyeshuri yiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya St. Petersburg mu ishami ryamateka na pfilologiya, aho yize ibisigo bya Starofrannuz.

Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yarimbuye imigambi yose y'umwanditsi - Gumilev yagiye imbere. Ku butwari, bigaragarira mu mirwano, yazamuwe ku ntera ya Ofisiye kandi ahabwa George George ebyiri. Nyuma ya revolution, umwanditsi ibikorwa byitabijwe rwose. Muri Mutarama 1921, Nikolai Stepanovich yabaye umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ishami rya Petrogradsky mu bumwe bw'ibisizi zose z'abasizi mu Burusiya, kandi muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, Matra warafunzwe maze yinjira mu buroko.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Umugore wa mbere - Anna Akhmatov - Umwanditsi yahuye mu 1904 kumupira wahariwe kwizihiza Pasika. Muri kiriya gihe, umusore ushishikaye yagerageje kwigana ikigirwamana cye Oskar Wilde: yambaye silinderi, yihuje umusatsi, ndetse yerekeza gato iminwa ye. Umwaka umaze kumenyera, yatonze cyane mu cyifuzo kandi, amaze kwakira kwanga, yizihiza mu bwihebe nta cyizere.

Kuva ubuzima bw'imigani y'ikinyejana cya silver, birazwi ko kubera kunanirwa ku rukundo imbere, umusizi yagerageje inshuro ebyiri kugirango agabanye ubuzima. Ikigeragezo cya mbere cyatunganijwe nibaraza ryikinyomoronaga paculi ya deculiar deblely. Umusozi wa Cavalier wagiye mu mujyi wa Turvil, aho yateganyaga ko arya. Imigambi yo kunegura ntabwo yari igenewe gusohora: Abasigaye bemeye Nikolai kubera Vaga, bita abapolisi, bita abapolisi, aho kujya munzira ishize, umwanditsi yagiye kurubuga.

Uzrev mu cyiciro cye cyatsinzwe, umwanzuro yanditse ibaruwa ya Akhmatova, aho yongeye kumutera icyifuzo. Anna yongeye gushukira no kwanga. Umusozi wa Huilev, yahisemo kurangiza ibiro: yemeye uburozi akajya ategereza urupfu mu ishyamba rya Boulogogo ya Paris. Igerageza ryongeye guhindura amatsiko ye biteye isoni: hanyuma umurambo we utorwa amashyamba meza.

Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1908, Gumilev yasubiye mu gihugu cye, aho yakomeje gushaka aho abasore ba poetes. Nkigisubizo, umusore ushikamye yahawe uruhushya rwo gushyingirwa. Mu 1910, abashakanye barubatse bajya mu rugendo rw'ubukwe i Paris. Ngaho, abasohora bafitanye igitabo cyumuyaga hamwe numuhanzi amedeo Modigliani. Nikolay, kugira ngo arinde umuryango, yashimangiye gusubira mu Burusiya.

Umwaka nyuma yo kuvuka k'Umwana w'intare (1912-1992), ikibazo cyabaye mu mibanire y'abashakanye: kutitaho ibintu: ubukonje bwaje gusimbuza kuramya bidasubirwaho no gukunda byose. Mugihe Anna yizengurutse iby'isi yatanze ibimenyetso byerekana abanditsi bato, Nikolai yanashakishije guhumeka kuruhande.

Muri iyo myaka, umukinnyi wa Meater Theatre Olga Vysotskaya yabaye ikibazo cy'umwanditsi. Urubyiruko rwahuye mu rugendo rwo mu 1912 rwizihizwa ry'isabukuru wa Kontantin balmont, maze mu 1913, umuhungu wa Gumileva agaragara ku isi - inshingano, kubaho imisatsi itigeze iboneka.

Polarity mu rukundo ibitekerezo byateje ko mu 1918 Ahmatov na Gumilev baratandukanye. Ntabwo nakuwe mu ngoyi z'ubuzima bwumuryango, umusizi yahuye numugore we wa kabiri - Anna Nikolaevna Engelgardt. Hamwe n'umunyacyubahiro wogosha, umwanditsi yahuye n'inyigisho za Bruceov.

PontenterPures PesAika yishimiye ubupfu nyabwo bwumukobwa. Nk'uko Vsevolod abivuga, Noheri, Nicholas yabishyize mu mpera zapfuye, idafite ibitekerezo byose by'urubanza. Umunyeshuri wumwanditsi Irina Odointev yavuze ko umutware wa Matra atari isura gusa, ahubwo no mu iterambere byasaga nkaho ari umukobwa w'imyaka 14. Umugore w'umwanditsi n'umukobwa we Elena yapfuye azize inzara mugihe cyo guhunga. Abaturanyi babwiye ko Anna adashobora kuva mu ntege nke, n'imbeba zayizimiye iminsi myinshi.

Urupfu

Ku ya 3 Kanama 1921, umusizi yatawe muri yombi ari icyitso cy'ubugambanyi bwo kurwanya Bolshevik "Petrograpp." Tagansev ". Abo mukorana n'inshuti z'umwanditsi (Mikhail Lozinsky, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Nikolai Otsup) yagerageje kubusa Nikolai Stepanovich mu maso y'igihugu kandi akabikiza igifungo. Inshuti magara y'umuyobozi w'isi Proleriat Maxim Gorky na we ntiyagumye inyuma: yakemuye Lenin kabiri, ariko Vladimir ilyich yagumye kuba umwizerwa ku cyemezo cye.

Ku ya 24 Kanama, hasohotse icyemezo cya petrograpp ku bijyanye n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'abagambanyi ba "Tagantevsky" (abantu 56 gusa), Urutonde rwabanjirije 196 gusa, aho nikorolai Gumilev yari cumi na gatatu.

Umusizi wafashe umugoroba we wanyuma mu rugi rw'ubuvanganzo, akikijwe n'ubusore bwe bukiri muto. Ku munsi wo gutabwa muri yombi, umwanditsi, nkuko bisanzwe, yahagaritswe n'abanyeshuri nyuma y'inyigisho maze asubira mu rugo hejuru ya saa sita z'ijoro. Igico cyateguwe mu nzu ya sestaik, umubyeyi atashoboraga kumenya aho nyina atashoboraga kumenya.

Nyuma yo gufungwa mu ibaruwa yandikiwe umugore we, umwanditsi yamwijeje mubyatagize impungenge z'ibyo, kandi yamusabye kumwoherereza Platon na Itabi. Mbere yo Gukora Gumilev yanditse kurukuta rwa kamera:

"Mwami, umbabarire ibiremwa byanjye, njya mu nzira iheruka."

Nyuma yimyaka 70 kuva urupfu rwumusizi ruzwi, ibikoresho byerekana ko umugambi mubisha wahimbwe na ushinzwe umutekano wa NKVD yakov agranov. Kubera icyaha cyo kubura icyaha mu 1991, umwanditsi yarafunzwe kumugaragaro.

Byinshi bitazwi, aho umwanditsi yashyinguwe. Duhereye ku magambo y'uwahoze ari umugore wa Promaai anna Ahmatova, imva ye iherereye mu mujyi wa Vsevolozhsk hafi y'ifu ya Berngard ku ifu ya Ryheviya. Hano ku nkombe z'umugezi z'umugezi wa Liya, kandi kugeza na n'ubu hariho umusaraba utazibagirana.

Umurage w'ubuvanganzo w'imigani y'ibinyejana bya silver byabitswe haba mu mivugo no muri Pose. Mu 2007, umuririmbyi Nikolai Soskov yashyizeho inyandiko y'umusibwe mu muhanzi uzwi cyane kandi ahishura imiziki yo Anato kandi ahishura ibihimbano bya Anato, ahishurira urukundo ", muri uwo mwaka clip yarashwe .

Bibliografiya

• "Don Juan muri Egiputa" (1912);
• "Umukino" (1913);
• "Akteon" (1913);
• "Cavalery Alnite" (1914-1915);
• "Rusange Rukuru" (1917);
• "Gonda" (1917);
• "Umwana Allah" (1918);
• "Ubugingo n'umubiri" (1919);
• "Umusore Franciscan" (1902);
• "Ku rukuta rw'inzu irimo ubusa ..." (1905);
• "Igihe kirekire, umutima urwana ..." (1917);
• "Amahano" (1907);
• "Ntabwo nzabaho indabyo ..." (1910);
• "Glove" (1907);
• "SKKES-YITANDUKANYE KWIZERA" (1917);
• "Caldong" (1918);
• "Rimwe na rimwe ndababara ..." (1905);
• "Ijoro ry'inkuba n'umwijima" (1905);
• "Mu butayu" (1908);
• "Ijoro ry'Afurika" (1913);
• "Urukundo" (1907)