Tari
Nikolai Gumilev, wanda aka cire wa waƙoƙi daga na biyu rabin na biyu na 1920s, hoto ne na marubutan maganganun da gaske cewa kalmar sirri ta ba ta iya canza tunanin mutane ne, har ma don sauya gaskiyar da ke kewaye da ita.
Tsarin ilimin almara na shekarun azurfa kai tsaye ya dogara ne akan duniyar jarraba shi, wanda ra'ayin bikin Ruhun Ibrahim akan jiki shine babban aiki. Duk tsawon rayuwar, ba da cikakken yanayin da kansa ya yi tsanani, yanayi mai wuya da gangan don dalili ɗaya mai sauƙi: A lokacin wreck na bege da asara ga mawaƙin ya zama ainihin mawãdi.
Yaro da matasa
A watan Afrilu 3, 1886, Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilyov da matarsa Anna Ivanovna an haife shi ɗa, wanda aka sanya wa sunayen suna bayan Nikolai. Iyalin sun zauna a cikin Birnin Kresstadt, da kuma bayan murabus na kan iyali (1895), sun koma St. Petersburg. Tunanin yaro, marubucin ya kasance mai tsananin wahala ne: ciwon kullun ciwon kai ya kawo Nicholas ga frenzy, kuma yana inganta rayuwarsa kusan wanda ba za'a iya jurewa ba.
A lokacin da exaserbbation, saurayin ya lalace gaba daya ya ruɗe ji. A rubuce-rubuce na saninsa ya bayyana kansa yana da shekaru shida. Sannan ya rubuta farkon quatrains na farko "ya rayu Niagara." Nikolai ya isa makarantar motsa motsa jiki ta TSARKO a cikin shekarar 1894, amma ya yi karatu a can kawai kamar watanni biyu. Saboda ra'ayinsa mai raɗaɗi, Anyizarar Gumilev akai-akai akai-akai a wani bangare na takara. Domin kada ya cutar da yaro da kuma pychech na yaron, iyayen daga zunubi sun rabu da ɗansa zuwa gida koyo.
1900-1903 Iyalin Gumilev sun kwashe a cikin Tiflis. Nan ne 'ya'yan Stean da Anna da aka gyara lafiya. A cikin cibiyar ilimi na gida, inda aka horar da wani mawaka, an buga wallafensa na "Na gudu zuwa gajin daga biranen ...". Bayan wani ɗan lokaci, dangi suka dawo wurin ƙauyen. A nan Nikolai ya sake yin koyo a cikin motsa jiki. Ba a kwashe shi ba kuma ba shi da mahimmanci ko ilimin mutane. Sai Gumilev ya damu da aikin Nietzsche kuma ya kwashe kowane lokaci don karantawa aikinsa.
Saboda kuskuren shirya abubuwan da ba daidai ba, Nicholas ya fara sosai Log a bayan shirin. Kawai da kokarin motsa jiki - mawaƙin-shekaru I.f. Annenskener I.F. Annensky - Gumbilev a cikin bazara na 1906 ya sami nasarar samun takardar shaidar balaga. Shekara kafin batun, littafin farko na wautan Nicholas "an buga shi ta kan iyaye.
Litattafai
Bayan jarrabawa, mawaƙi ya tafi Paris. A babban birnin Faransa, ya halarci laccoci kan zargi na ilimi a Sorbonne kuma yana da tsari a nune-nunen zane. A cikin gida na marubucin Marseille Prousta ce Gumbilev Wallafe mujallar gidan waya "Sirius" (dakuna 3 sun fito). Godiya ga Bryusov Gumilev, na yi sa'ar samun masaniya da Hippius, kuma tare da Merezhkovsky, da fari. Da farko, Munters suna da shakku game da aikin Nicholas. Wakar "Androgin" ta taimaka wa ma'aikatan zane-zane don ganin littafin Gumilov kuma canza fushin.
A cikin Satumba 1908, ya ci gaba zuwa Misira. A cikin kwanakin farko na zama a ƙasashen waje, ya jagoranci kansa a matsayin wata yawon shakatawa na yawon shakatawa: bincika abubuwan da ke gani, nazarin al'adun kabilu na gida kuma sun saya da Nilu. Lokacin da kudade ya ƙare, marubucin ya fara fama da matsananciyar yunwa kuma ya kwana a kan titi. A hankali, amma waɗannan matsaloli ba su kebe marubucin ta kowace hanya. Arya ya haifar da kyakkyawan motsin rai a ciki. Bayan dawowa ga asalinsa, ya rubuta wa mahaifarsa da labarai ("Rat", "Giraffe", "Jirgin ruwa").
Mutane kalilan ne suka sani, amma wasu 'yan shekaru kafin tafiya, ya kirkiro wani salama da ake kira "Kyaftin". Tsarin ya kunshi ayyukan hudu da ke hade da tafiya gaba daya. Sirrissi na sababbin abubuwan ban sha'awa yana tura Gumilov zuwa nazarin na Arewa ta Rasha. A lokacin Dating tare da birnin Belomors (1904) A bakin bakin Belomors (1904) A bakin bakin kogin, mawaƙin ya ga Hierorlyphs da aka sassaka a jikin dutsen. Ya tabbata cewa ya sami labarin dutse na almara, wanda, a cewar gaskatawa, dauke da ilimin farko na duniya.
Daga cikin fassara rubutu, Gumilev koya cewa mai mulkin Fab aka binne a tsibirin na Jamus jiki na ɗansa da 'yarsa, da kuma a tsibirin Rasha jiki - matarsa. Tare da taimakon Emperor Gullamav, shirya wani balaguron zuwa ga tsibirin tsibirin, inda ya bude wani tsohon kabarin. A nan ya gano wani na musamman "hyperborean" tsefe.
A cewar almara, Nikolai ta biyu ta miƙa wajan cimma nasarar mallakar ballerina kshde kshde ksheskaya. Masana kimiyya suna ba da shawarar cewa tsefe har yanzu yana kwance a cikin cache na mazaunin Ksheshin a St. Petersburg. Ba da da ewa bayan balaguron, makomar marubucin tare da mai binciken mai kula da Black na Afirka - baƙon vasily vasily ramlov. Mawakokin da ya yi ya sami damar lallashe masanin ƙiyayyar don yin rajista ga mataimakinsa ga balaguron Abisininin.
A cikin Fabrairu 1910, bayan balaguron tafiya zuwa Afirka, sai ya koma ga ƙauyen sarauta. Duk da cewa dawowarsa ta haifar da dawowarsa mai haɗari, daga tsoffin hukunce-hukuncen ruhu da kuma waƙoƙin da suka lalace babu alama. Bayan da ya gama aiki a kan tarin POEMS "'lu'ulu'u", rubutun sake sake zuwa Afirka. Daga tafiya, sai ya koma ranar 25 ga Maris, 1911 a cikin tsabta fa'ida tare da harin zazzabi mai zafi.
Ya yi amfani da tilasta yin rikodin tsari na kirkirar abubuwan da aka tattara, wanda daga baya ya haifar da waƙoƙin Abisiniya, wanda aka haɗa cikin tarin "Sky". Bayan tafiya zuwa Somalia, Afirka "mick" ta ga hasken.
A shekara ta 1911, Gumilev ya kafa "Shagon Mawaƙa", wanda ya hada da wakilan wakilan litattafan tarihi, Vasali Mandelstam, Sergey Gogelstsksky). A cikin 1912, Gumazarov ya bayyana fito da sabon kayan fasaha - Aqmeism. Waqmeistov overcame alama, dawo da tiyata da kuma kayan aikin sigar. A wannan shekarar, Ayperhive sun bude wasu gidan buga wasan kwaikwayo "Hyperbori" da mujallar wannan sunan.
Hakanan ana yin rikodin dalibi a cikin Jami'ar St. Petersburg a sashin tarihi da na Pholy, inda ya yi nazarin sutthan wasan kwaikwayo.
Yaƙin duniya na farko ya rushe dukkanin shirye-shiryen marubucin - Gumbilev ya tafi gaban. Don ƙarfin hali, wanda aka bayyana yayin tashin, an ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin jami'in da aka ba shi giciye biyu na Georges. Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, marubucin gaba daya ayyukan da aka gabatar. A watan Janairun 1921, Nikolai Stepanovich ya zama shugaban sashen sashen Mawaki na All-Rashan na Rasha, kuma a cikin watan Agusta, an tsare Masa.
Rayuwar sirri
Matar ta farko - Anna Akhmatov - marubucin marubucin ya sadu da 1904 a kan kwallon da aka sadaukar don bikin bikin Ista. A wancan lokacin, saurayin Adet ya yi kokarin kwaikwayon tsafin Oskar Wilde: ya sa gashin kansa har ma da danshi lebe. A takaice shekara guda bayan haka, ya yi wani kyakkyawan bangare na shawarwarin, saboda ya sami ƙima, tun daga rashin barna.
Daga tarihin labarin almara na karni na azurfa, an san cewa ga gazawar a gaban ƙauna, mawaƙi sau biyu yayi ƙoƙarin rage yawan tare da rayuwa. An shirya ƙoƙarin farko tare da porchical porch pecicular don m. Dutsen Cavalier ya tafi garin SPA na Turril, inda ya yi shirin yin dorocking. Shirye-shiryen sukar ba a ƙaddara su cika ba: sauran sun yarda da Nikolai na Vaga, da ake kira 'yan sanda kuma, marubucin ya tafi shafin.
Uzrev a cikin faduwarsa ta fadada, a cikin maganganun da aka rubuta wasikar Akhmatova, wanda ya sake sanya ta tayin. Anna sake amsa tare da ƙi. Dutsen Hatilev ya mutu, ya yanke shawarar kammala: ya karɓi guba kuma ya tafi yana jiran mutuwa ga Boulago da ke cikin gandun daji na Paris. Yanke kokarin ya juya ya juya warkewarsa mai kunya: sannan kuma an karɓi jikinsa na faɗakarwa.
A ƙarshen 1908, Gumileyv ya koma ƙasarsa, inda ya ci gaba da neman wurin budurwa. A sakamakon haka, mutum mai tawali ya karbi izinin aure. A cikin 1910, ma'auratan sun yi aure suna tafiya zuwa ga bikin aure zuwa Paris. A wurin, karatuttukan suna da littafin tarihi mai hadari tare da ɗan Artist Amedeo Merigliani. Nikolay, don adana dangi, ya dage kan komawa Rasha.
Shekara bayan haihuwar dan zaki (1912-1992), rikicin da ya faru a cikin dangantakar ma'aurata: soyayya da soyayya ta ci gaba. Yayin da anna a cikin zagaye na mutum ya ba da kulawa ga marubutan matasa, Nikolai kuma bincika wahayi a gefe.
A waɗancan shekarun, actress na gidan wasan kwaikwayon gidan wasan kwaikwayon Olga Vysskaya ya zama batun marubucin. Matasa sun hadu a fallnarshen shekarar 1912 a bikin murnar batmont, kuma a cikin 1913 thean Gumileva ya bayyana a duniya - Orst, wanzuwar abin da mawakyar mawaƙi ba ta bayyana ba.
Polarity cikin ra'ayoyi masu ƙauna ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1918 Ahmatov da Gumilev ya barke. Da kika iya samun 'yanci daga manyan shafukan dangi, marubuci ya hadu da matarsa ta biyu - Anna Nikolaevna Engelgardt. Tare da mai ibada mai tsarki, marubucin ya sadu da laccoci na Bruceo.
Tsakanin Tsakanin Prinzaia sun bukaci babban wawancin yarinyar. A cewar vsevolod, Kirsimeti, Nicholas saka shi a cikin matattu, wanda bashi da duk dabaru na hukunci. Dalibi na marubucin Irina Odointev ya ce shugaban Mattra ba kawai ba ne kawai, har ma da ci gaba da alama yarinya ce mai shekaru 14. Matar marubucin da Elena Ehena ta mutu sakamakon yunwar yayin toshe Lenenrad. Maƙwabta sun gaya wa cewa ana ba zai iya motsawa daga rauni ba, da beraye suna cinye shi na kwanaki da yawa.
Mutuwa
A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 1921, an kama mawaƙan a matsayin mai wani mawaƙin Anti-Bolshevik "Legragungiyar Soja ta V. N. Tagansv". Abokan hulɗa da abokai na marubuci (Mikhail Lozinsky, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Nikolai Opaspan) sun kasance suna kokarin sake farfadowa da nikolai stepanovich a gaban Jagorar kasar ka cece shi daga ɗaurin kurkuku. Babban aboki na shugaban Jagoran Duniya Maxim Gorky shima bai yi watsi da wata bukata ba ga gafarar Gumilyov, amma Vadimir Ilyic ya kasance da aminci ga hukuncin da ya yanke.
A ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, ƙuduri na Petrograd Gubbf game da kisan mahimman mahalarta "an buga jerin gwanon da aka buga a cikin jaridar Petrogradskaya Pretrada, wanda Nikolai Gumileyv shi ne goma sha uku.
Mawaki ya yi Maraice na ƙarshe a cikin wani masara na rubutu, wanda yastar matasa na matasa. A ranar kama, marubucin, kamar yadda aka saba, tsaya tare da ɗalibai bayan laccoci da dawo gida nesa nesa da tsakar dare. Hoshush an shirya shi ne a Apt Promaik, wanda mahaifiya ba ta san wanda mahaifiyar ba ta sani ba.
Bayan kunsa da kurkuku a cikin wasiƙar da aka yi magana da matarsa, marubuci ya tabbatar da ita a cikin abin da ba ya damu da abin da, kuma ya tambaye shi ya aiko masa da Tomik Plato da taba. Kafin aiwatar da aiwatar da Gumbilev ya rubuta a jikin bango:
"Ya Ubangiji, ka gafarta makana babbugina, Zan tafi a kan hanya ta ƙarshe."Bayan shekaru 70 tun bayan rasuwar mawaki, kayan da na tabbatar da cewa ofishin NKVD ya ƙirƙira cikakken maƙarƙashiya Yakov Agranov. Saboda rashin laifi a 1991, an rufe marubucin bisa hukuma.
More da ba a sani ba, inda aka binne marubucin. Daga kalmomin tsohon matar dan Pristaik Anna Ahmatova, kabarin nasa yana cikin birnin Vsevolozhsk kusa da Bergenistrict Microdistrict a Berengard Microdistrict a Berengard Microver Microver a Polygily Polygon Polygon. A nan ne a kan Kogin Kogin Laya, kuma har wa yau akwai abin tunawa.
Kayan rubutu na almara na ƙarni na azurfa an kiyaye su duka cikin waƙoƙi kuma a cikin litattafai. A shekara ta 2007, mawaƙin Nikolai Soskov ya sanya rubutun sanannen sanannun fasahar fasahar "Romanceous ..." a cikin Music of Anatoly Balchov kuma ya bayyana a cikin wannan shekarar, wanda a wannan shekarar an harbe hoto .
Littafi daya
- "Don Juan a Masar" (1912);
- "Wasan" (1913);
- "Akteon" (1913);
- "Cavalery bayanin kula" (1914-1915);
- "Black Janar" (1917);
- "Gonda" (1917);
- "Childan Childan Allah" (1911);
- "Rai da jiki" (1919);
- "Yaran Faranscican" (1902);
- "A bangon wofi gidan ..." ((1905);
- "Don haka tsawon lokaci, zuciya tayi gwagwarmaya ..." (1917);
- "Tsoro" (1907);
- "Ba na zaune furanni ..." (1910);
- "Safar hannu" (1907);
- "Tunanina da ba a bayyana ba" (1917);
- "Caldong" (1918);
- "Wani lokacin ina bakin ciki ..." (1905);
- "Haɗaɗin dare da duhu" (1905);
- "A cikin hamada" (1908);
- "Daren dare" (1913);
- "Soyayya" (1907)