Ubuzima
Umufilozofe w'Ubufaransa n'Umwanditsi Denis Didro yibuka isi kubera amahame agenga idini n'ubuhanzi, ibinyamakuru bikabije byo kumurikirwa - "Encyclopedia, cyangwa Inkoranyamagambo ya siyansi, ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori. " Inzandiko ze na Sophie Volan ni urugero rw'urwandiko rw'urukundo, rugaragaza ubujyakuzimu bw'ikinyejana gikaze, ariko gikwiye mu bufaransa XVIII.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ubuzima bwa Deni Dododro byatwaye ku ya 5 Ukwakira 1713 mu mujyi wa Lang w'Ubufaransa. Mu bana 7 Didier Didro na Angelica Wigneron bane babayeho bazira gukura. Denis, kuba umwana ukuze, yafashije kugeza bashiki bacu kwa Deniz (1715-1797) na Angelica (1720-1749), umuvandimwe Piera-Didier (1722-1787). Nk'uko abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko umuhanga mu byahambo byose wa Denis yavuwe, yamwishimiye, yitwa "Soctes mu isura y'abagore."
Nkumwana, umwanditsi uzaza yigaragaje nkumunyeshuri mwiza. Ababyeyi bemeje ko umuhungu azakorera itorero. Mu 1726, Deni yinjiye mu kibaya cy'Abagatolika Louis, aho abapadiri bazanywe, hanyuma barezwe muri Jansenist Collège d'Harcourt. Kwiga isanzure n'ahantu uwo muntu muri yo, mu 1732 Doro yarangije kaminuza maze akira impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri filozofiya.
Ibitekerezo by'ibihe bigezweho, ibitekerezo ku mateka y'ubuvuya n'inda iburyo byateye Didro gusiga umwuga w'umuherezabitambo maze yinjira mu ishami ry'ishami rya kaminuza ya Paris. Nyuma, mu 1749, Umufaransa yari atengushye rwose mu idini: mushikiwabo ushutse Angelica, kuba umubikira, yapfuye azize umurimo wa serivisi y'itorero.
Ibitabo na Theatre
Icyifuzo cyo kuba umwanditsi kurenga Denis Didro mu 1743, atangira kunyoherezwa mucyongereza akora mu gifaransa. Mubikorwa byambere - "amateka yubugereki" Tamem Stabyan (1743), "Inkoranyamagambo ya" Robert James (1746-1748). Mu 1745, yasohoye "uburambe bw'icyubahiro n'ingeso nziza" ya filozofiya y'Icyongereza Anthony Shertsbury, ariko abigaragaza.
Mu 1746, Didro yasohoye umurimo wambere wumwanditsi - "ibitekerezo bya filozofiya". Muri iki gikorwa, Umufaransa yatekereje ku bwiyunge bw'ubwenge abonye umwanzuro kandi ageze ku mwanzuro, agera ku mwanzuro, kumva ko ibyiyumvo byaba ari bibi cyane nta gihano, kandi ubwenge burakenewe bwo kugenzura. Mugihe cyo kwandika, Doro yakurikije ibitekerezo bya Deesma, nuko rero mubikorwa harimo impaka zo kutemera Imana no kunegura ubukristo.
Igitekerezo cy'amadini gisuzumwa mu buryo burambuye muri "GorPeptike Genda" (1747). Uyu murimo ni ibiganiro hagati yuwapasitu, umuhakanamana nuwapantaro kubyerekeye imiterere yubumana. Uwa Destist yishingikiriza ku mpaka za teleologiya, umutezi asobanura inkomoko y'isi yose, umuhembe n'abavuga, pantheis, Pantheis avuga ko Imana ari ubumwe bw'isi.
"Kugenda gushidikanya" byasohotse gusa mu 1830: Abapolisi baho babangamiye adashya batwitse intoki kandi bakajya muri yombi mu gihe cyo gukwirakwiza iyi "Herey". Iterabwoba ryashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 1749 - ku mwanya wakazi "ku mpumyi kubashobora kubona filozofiya iryamye muri gereza ya gereza. Mu cyumba kimwe, Didro yari afite "paradizo yabuze" gusa, ku murima inoti zisigaye amenyo n'amato. Umwanzuro wamaze kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza Ugushyingo.
Muri 1750, Didro yabaye umwanditsi mukuru w'igitabo kinini cy'igifaransa cya Epoki cyo Kumurikirwa - "Encyclopedia, cyangwa inkoranyamagambo y'ubwenge, ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori n'ubukorikori." Yabaye imyaka 16 akora ku gitabo cya Denis, yanditse ingingo magana menshi yerekeye ubukungu, ubukanishi, filozofiya, politiki n'idini. Jean-Jacques Russo, Voltaire, Charles Louis de Montcape nandi Igifaransa kinini cyakoze kuruhande rwa Didro.
Ibiro bya EDRO byatsinze 28 mu gitabo cya 35 "Encyclopediya". Ubufatanye n'Umutangaza Andre Le Breton arahagarara, kubera ko atashushanyije ibitekerezo "biteje akaga" mu ngingo nta bumenyi bw'umutekereza. Urebye iki gikorwa cyo guhemukira, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yakwirakwiriye n'umurimo w'ubuzima.
Muri 1750, Umufaransa arasaba ikinamico ahimbaze udukino tutari muto twahariwe ingingo z'umuryango. Ikinamico "Umuhungu-ufunguye-Cong" (1757) yerekeza ku ngingo y'abana be butemewe, kandi "se w'umuryango" (1758) ni umurimo wa autobiografi mu guhitamo umugore we ku mutima, kandi ntabwo ari kuri icyifuzo cya Data.
Mugihe cya dogro, ikinamico yagabanijwemo hejuru (ni ukuvuga ibyago) nubutaka bwo hasi (ni ukuvuga). Umufilozofiya ntabwo yemeye gahunda nkiyi kandi muri "paradox ku mukinnyi" yanditse ko Abanyaristokarasi mu buzima bari mu bihe bishimishije, umukene arababara. Mu kazi, azana "ubwoko bukomeye", buturuka ku mupaka uhuza amahano na comedi.
Usibye amakuru ya filozofiya, akora mubuhanzi ("salo"), gukina, Dodo yanditse ibihangano. Urufunguzo ni igitabo cya Jacques "Jacques-Fastal na Nyirubwite" (1765-1780), ibiganiro "bya Ramo Umwihengere wa Ramo" (1760s), inkuru "(1780). Na Peru Didoris ni u Rwanda, harimo no gutangaza "ingazi", bisobanura kubona igisubizo kiboneye muri iki gihe igihe bimaze kubura.
Ubuzima bwa Deni Carero bufitanye isano rya bugufi n'Uburusiya, ni ukuvuga hamwe na Catherine II birakomeye. Amaze kumenya ibibazo byamafaranga ya filesopher yubufaransa, Umusomyi yatanze igitekerezo cyo kugura isomero rye akayashyiraho indorerezi afite umushahara wa 1000 livres kumwaka. Yishyuye DOGRO gutera imbere imyaka 25 mbere.
Mu Kwakira 1773, Umufaransa yageze i St. Petersburg, aguma mu Burusiya amezi 5. Muri iki gihe, Didro na Catherine II bahuye na buri munsi. Ushaka gukurura impengamizi mu bitekerezo byabo, filozofiya yamukubise ibirenge.
Mu ibaruwa yandikiwe Maria Jompren, nyir'isanga y'ubuhinzi bw'Ubuhinzi, Catherine yanditse ko nyuma y'ibiganiro na Didro, yari afite ibikomere by'umukara ku kibuno.
Imwe mu ngingo zingenzi zo kuganira ni uguhindura Uburusiya muburyo bwiza, ibyaremwe bya Utopiya. Ekaterina ukomeye, uko bigaragara, yabonaga igitekerezo cya Dodo ubusa. Mu kwandikirana na dipolomate Louis-Philippe Segür, Umuyobozi wanditse yaranditse ko aramutse akurikiwe n'ibitekerezo, icyo gihe Uburusiya buzababara akaduruvayo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu ntangiriro za 1743, filozofiya yahuye na nyampinga wa Anna-Antoinetta (1710-1796) - Umukobwa utize mu ishuri rito, hamwe na nyina, yabaga mu nzu imwe na Didro. Umusore, ashaka kumurongora, yabajije uruhushya na se. Didier ntabwo yarwanyije igitekerezo cy'Umwana, ariko nageze ku "nyandiko yanditseho kashe", ni ukuvuga ifatwa rya Denis. Umwanditsi yakarishye mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana cya Karumelite.
Nyuma y'ibyumweru bike, Didra yarahunze ahita yohereza ibaruwa yakundwa, yasoje ikibazo nyamukuru - yaba Antoinette yemeye kurongora. Umukobwa yashubije akoresheje kwanga: ntiyifuzaga kuvugana n'umuryango atigeze yishima. Ariko, nyuma Umufaransa yahinduye igitekerezo. Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 6 Ugushyingo, 1743, Didro na nyampinga bashyingiwe rwihishwa muri rimwe mu matorero ya Paris, gukemura ishyingiranwa nta cyemewe n'ababyeyi. Ukuri gushimishije: Data Denis yamenye kubyerekeye gushyingirwa numuhungu we nyuma yimyaka 6.
Abana bane bavukiye kurongora. Imfura, Angelica, yavutse ku ya 14 Kanama 1744, kandi ukwezi n'igice, 29 Nzeri, yarapfuye. Francois Jacques na Deni-Laurent bapfuye bakiri bato. Mary Angelica (1753-1824) yabaye umwana wenyine warokotse (1753-1824), yitiriwe nyina wazimye wumufaransa. Yamenyekanye cyane nk'umucuranga utavuga.
Ubuzima bwite Didro Yoba kandi hanze yubukwe. Mu nyirabuja ni umwanditsi Madesine de Puezier, umukobwa w'umukinnyi w'Ubufaransa Jeanny Catherine de Mo kandi, birumvikana ko, Sophie volan. Izina nyaryo rya Madmoiselle Volan - Louise-Henrietta, na pisine Sophie yatanze Didro, yishimira ubwenge bwibitekerezo bye. Mu ntangiriro, ntakintu naki nzi inzandiko mu 1755, mugihe cyo guhindura igitabo cyamabaruwa, kandi kirangira mu 1784, hamwe nurupfu.
Kubera umubare wa filozofiya ubwayo, harazwi ko yohereje Sophie 553 amabaruwa, 187 yageze igihe cyacu. Bahura n'amagambo, bavuza induru kubyerekeye ibyiyumvo bivuye ku mutima:
"Ndagukunda uko ushobora gukunda rimwe gusa, kandi usibye ko utazakunda umuntu uwo ari we wese."Hindura inyuguti, kuva Sophie kugera Doro, ntabwo yarinze, nkuko umukobwa yasaga, inkuru iraceceka. Bavuga ko inshuti ya filozofiya yashushanyije igishushanyo cya Madmoidelle volan ku kirunga cy'igitabo cya Horat. Urupfu rwa Dodoro, Ekaterina wa II yaguze isomero rye ryose, kandi ishusho y'amayobera ntiyabonetse.
Urupfu
Denis Distis Distis Dishie, yarokotse Amezi 5, Denis Didro yapfuye ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1784 avuye muri emomhsema y'ibihaha.
Umurambo washyinguwe mu rusengero rwa Mutagatifu Roha, ariko mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara y'Abafaransa yo ku 1789, imva zose zo mu rusengero zari zangiritse. Noneho ahantu nyaburanga ya filozofiya ntazwi.
Amagambo
Tanga umuhigo wubukene - bivuze kugenda ngo ube umunebwe numujura. Murakaza neza kubatanduye - bisobanura gusezeranya Imana guhora uhungabanya abanyabwenge kandi ni ingenzi ku mategeko ye. Tanga kumvira - bisobanura kureka uburenganzira bwa muntu budasubirwaho - kuva umudendezo. Niba umuntu akomeje kurahira - ni umugizi wa nabi aramutse amurenze - ararahira. Ubuzima bwo mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana nubuzima bwumufana cyangwa uburyarya. Ibinyobwa bishimishije bishimishije muri sip imwe, kandi ukuri kurakaye. Ukuri ni ukubona ibidasanzwe muburyo budasanzwe. Ingurube zirahagarara kugirango zitekereze iyo zihagaritse gusoma.Akazi
- 1746 - "Ibitekerezo bya Filozofiya"
- 1747 - "Kugenda Skeptic"
- 1749 - "Ibaruwa ku mpumyi kubashobora kubona"
- 1750-1766 - "Encyclopedia, cyangwa Inkoranyamagambo yubumenyi, Ubukorikori nubukorikori"
- 1751 - "Ibaruwa yerekeye igipfamatwi n'urupfu"
- 1757 - "Umuhungu w'umunyamerika ufunguye"
- 1758 - "Se w'umuryango"
- 1759-1781 - "Salons"
- 1763 - "Ramo mwishywa"
- 1771-1778 - "Machas-Mastalist na Nyirubwite"
- 1780 - "Umubikira"