I-Biograge
U-Physico Noorist nososayensi onokuthula uStephen William Hawking wazalwa ngoJanuwari 8, 1942 edolobheni lase-Oxford, e-United Kingdom, emkhayeni Wabadokotela. UFrank Frank wayeganwe emisebenzini yocwaningo, umama umama u-Isabel wabamba isikhundla soNobhala wesikhungo sezokwelapha, esebenza eqenjini elilodwa nomngane wakhe womshado. USteve wakhula phakathi kodadewethu ababili kanye nomfowabo ohlanganisiwe u-Edward, owamukelwa ngumndeni wamaHoke.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uStephen wangena e-Oxford yase-Oxford, ekugcineni kwathola iziqu ze-bachelor ngo-1962. Eminyakeni emibili nengxenye kamuva, ngo-1966, le nsizwa yaba ngomunye wodokotela bokuqala wefilosofi yaseChineti Hall College e-University of Cambridge.
Isifo
Eminyakeni yezingane zokuqala, uStefanu wayengumfana ophilile, ngisho nasebusheni bakhe akazange aphazanyiswe yizifo. Kepha ebusheni bakhe, ububi benzeka kuye. UStephen osemusha uthole isifo esibi - i-amyotrophic sclerosis.
Ukuxilongwa kuzwakale njengomusho. Izimpawu zesifo zithuthukiswe ngejubane elikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuhlakani besayensi besikhathi esizayo sesayensi bahlala bekhubazeka ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uStephen Hoking uhlala ebonakala ngokumamatheka okuhle. Ukuboshwa esihlalweni sabakhubazekile, uStephen akazange ayeke ukuthuthukiswa ngokwezengqondo, wazenzela ezemfundo, wafunda izincwadi zesayensi, wavakashela amasemina. Umfana walwa njalo ngomzuzu. Umoya wakhe wokuziphatha wasiza ngo-1974 ukuthola ubulungu obuhlala njalo eRoyal Society London.
Ngo-1985, uStephen Hawking wahlinza ukuhlinzwa kwaLarynx, okwakungenakwenzeka ukugwema ngenxa ye-pneumonia eyinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela lapho, uStefanu wayeka ngokuphelele ukukhuluma, kodwa waqhubeka nokuhlangana nozakwabo ngosizo lwezinkulumo zenkulumo, ezakhiwa abangane bakhe - i-University of Cambridge - ikakhulukazi kuye.
Okwesikhashana, ukushushuluza kungahamba nomunwe wesokunene senkomba. Kepha leli khono ngokuqhubeka liwile. Okuwukuphela kwesihlakala semisipha esikulingisa sihlala sihamba. Inzwa efakwe maqondana nalesi sicubu sasiza uStefanu ekuphathweni kwamakhompyutha, akwazi ukuxhumana ngayo nabantu bakhe abaseduze kwakhe.
Naphezu kwesigaba esinzima, i-biography kaStephen Hawking igcwele imicimbi ye-rainbow, ukutholwa kwesayensi kanye nezimpumelelo. Isifo esibi asiphukile nguStefanu, kwashintsha okuncane kuphela ukugeleza kwempilo. Cishe ukhubazeke ngokuphelele uStephen Hawking akazange azibone izithiyo ekupheleni kwakhe, kwaholela emsebenzini ocebile ogcwele.
Ngolunye usuku, i-hawwking yenza i-feat yangempela. Wavuma ukuzwa imibandela yokuhlala esikhaleni esingenasisindo, endiza endizeni ehlomele ngokukhethekile. Lo mcimbi owenzeka ngo-2007 useshintshe ngokuphelele ukumelwa kweStephen Hawking emhlabeni nxazonke. Ososayensi babeka umgomo - ukunqoba isikhala kungakapheli u-2009.
Iphazikhi
Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kweStephen Hawking kuyinto cosmology kanye ne-quantum dravity. Usosayensi wahlola izinqubo ze-thermodynamic ezivela emasondweni, izimbobo ezimnyama nezinkinga ezimnyama. Igama laso libizwa ngokuthi yinto echaza futhi elibonisa "ukuhwamuka kwezimbobo ezimnyama" - "imisebe yokubumba".
Ngo-1974, uStefanu nomunye owaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, uchwepheshe weKorn Korn waphikisana ngohlobo lwento yesikhala swan "X-1" nemisebe yalo. UStephen, uphatha ukuphikisana nocwaningo lwakhe, waphikisana nokuthi le nto akuyona imbobo emnyama. Kodwa-ke, ukwehlulwa okulimele, kwanikeza ophumelele impikiswano ngo-1990. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi amanani abantu abasebasha ayemuhle "abucayi." UStephen Hawking wafaka okubhaliselwe kwakhe konyaka ku-Erotic Glossion Magazine "Penhouse", kanye ne-Korn Korn ukubhaliswa kweminyaka emine kumagazini ohlekisayo ngokuthi "iso langasese".
Ngo-1997, uStephen Hoking waphetha ukubheja okukodwa, kepha manje, kanye nemoto ebilisiwe elwa noJohn Philipp Pleakkill. Ingxoxo ephikisanayo yaba yindawo yokuqala esifundweni sezinguquko zeStephen Hawking, ngombiko akhuluma ngawo engqungqutheleni yabezindaba ngo-2004. NgokukaJohn Preskill, kumagagasi akhipha izimbobo ezimnyama, kuneminye imininingwane engeke idonswe.
I-Hawking iphikisana nale a raion ngokuncika emiphumeleni yezifundo zango-1975. Uveze ukuthi imininingwane ayikwazi ukuqondiswa esikhundleni, ngoba iwela endaweni yonke, ifana nomthala wethu.
Kamuva, ngo-2004, ngohlaka lwengqungquthela yabezindaba e-Dublin ngesihloko seCosmology, uStephen Hawking wahlela umbono omusha ngohlobo lomgodi omnyama. Ngalesi siphetho, ukudonsa futhi kwanqotshwa engxabanweni, kubona ngokuphoqeka ukunemba komphikisi. Emcabangweni wakhe, i-physist isaveze ukuthi imininingwane ayinyamalali ngaphandle komkhondo, kepha ngolunye usuku izoshiya umgodi omnyama kanye nemisebe ye-thermal.
UStephen Hawking ungumbhali wemibhalo eminingana nge-Universe.
Ngo-2015, i-premiere yefilimu eligcwele ubude "I-Universe Stephen Hawking", lapho usosayensi osemusha enza khona umlingisi ovelele ovelele waseHollywood Eddie Redmein, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi. Le filimu yahamba yacaphuna ukuthi isebenzisa ngentshiseko ubusha baseBrithani.
UKinokarttina emsebenzini womqondisi, uJames Marma uqukethe umlando wangempela kaStefanu, ukhuluma ngobudlelwano bakhe obunzima nonkosikazi wokuqala kaJane Wilde. Umlingisi osemusha owadlala usosayensi odumile nodokotela wezimomosologist we-stephen hawking, ngemuva kokuthi i-premieree yathola u-Oscar endimeni enhle kakhulu yohlelo lokuqala.
Izincwadi
Ngokungeziwe kwezinye izimpumelelo kanye nezimpumelelo emkhakheni wesayensi, uStephen Hawking waduma kwenye indawo. Wabhala izincwadi eziningana ezasakazeke emhlabeni wonke ngokujikeleza okukhulu. Umsebenzi wokuqala kwakuyincwadi, enyatheliswa ngo-1988. Umsebenzi wobuciko kanye nesayensi obizwa ngokuthi "umlando omfushane wesikhathi" kaDym uhlala u-BestSeller.
Futhi, usosayensi waba ngumlobi wezincwadi "izimbobo ezimnyama kanye nemihlaba emincane", "ukuthula esiliva laseWalnut". Ngo-2005, wabhala enye incwadi ethi "Umlando Omfushane Kunazo Zonke", manje ngokubambisana nomlobi uLeonard Mortodinov. Ngokubambisana nendodakazi yakhe uStephen Hawking wabhala wakhipha incwadi ethi "Izingane Nezimfihlo Zendawo Yonke," okwakhishwa ngo-2006.
Ekupheleni kuka-1998, usosayensi wahlanganisa isibikezelo sesayensi esinemininingwane yesikhathi esiningi senkulungwane yenkulungwane eseduze. Umbiko ofanele wenziwa endlini kahulumeni. Izimpikiswano zakhe zazwakala zinethemba elikhulu. Ngo-2003, isitatimende somcwaningi sasingasakhuthazi kangako, weluleka isintu, singacabangi, sithuthele kwamanye amazwe aphilayo kude namagciwane asongela ukusinda kwethu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1965, uStephen Hawking washada noJane Wilde, owahlangana kusihlwa kusihlwa. Intombazane yazala ososayensi amadodana amabili nendodakazi eyodwa. Impilo yomuntu siqu UStephen Hawking nomkakhe akazange baphume, kwathi ngo-1991 badivosi. Imbangela esemthethweni yesehlukaniso ayizange uzibophezele ekubonakalisweni koMphakathi.
Kakade ngo-1995, uStephen Hawking washada ngokwesibili, kumhlengikazi wakhe u-Eline Mason, okuyisikhathi eside anakekela ososayensi. Ngemuva kwenkathi eneminyaka eyishumi nanye ubudala oneminyaka eyishumi nanye ihlukanise umkakhe.
Izingane Stephen Hawking zixhase uBaba kuzo zonke izindaba zakhe futhi azame. Ngaphezu kwabo, usosayensi njalo wawusekela umngani wakhe osondelene naye, umculi waseHollywood wohlobo lwamahlaya uJim Kerry, avele naye kaningi kusihlwa nasezithombeni zezithombe zomagazini.
Ezepolitiki Nenkolo
Usosayensi wenqabile yonke imfundiso yokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu futhi wayengakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona. Naphezu kwaleli qiniso, wabusiswa ngoPapa Francis ngochungechunge olukhethekile, olwabanjelwa ezindongeni zeSayensi Yezemfundo Yezesayensi. Ngokusho kokuncamelayo kwezepolitiki, uStephen Hawking uziveze kubasebenzi.
Entwasahlobo ka-1968, usosayensi, kanye nomsebenzi wasobala, iTarik Ali kanye nomlingisi wefilimu uVanessa Vanessa Redrave bahlanganyela ngokumelene nempi eVietnam.
Kamuva, ama-1980s, usosayensi wawusekela umbono wozakwabo mayelana nokuhlaselwa kwezikhali zenuzi, impilo yendawo yonke kanye nokujwayelekile kwesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke.
Isinqumo soMongameli waseMelika, oholele empini empini yase-Iraq Republic ngo-2003, usosayensi wabiza amacala ezikhulu zezempi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, wakusekela ukufundwa kwabahlanganyeli beNgqungquthela Yase-Israel eziphathimandleni zezepolitiki ngokumelene nabahlali basePalestine.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje uStephen Hawking wasebenza ngezinkulumo ezintsha zendawo yonke, wanikeza izinkulumo kwi-physics esikhungweni esikhungweni esisebenzayo, wenza imisebenzi yocwaningo esebenzayo.
Ukushona
Abezindaba baseBrithani babike ukuthi ekuseni ngoMashi 14, 2018 uStephen Hawking washona ekhaya lakhe. Izingane zososayensi zikuqinisekisile lolu lwazi, zithi:
"Wake wathi:" Emkhathini, bekungeke kube nomqondo othile ukube kwakungeyona indlu lapho abantu abathandekayo baphila khona. "Siyohlala simkhumbula"