Tari
Ma'aikatar ilimin ta Steathone da Lamari William William William Hawking an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1942 a cikin birnin Oxford, United Kingdom, a cikin dangin likitoci. Frank Frank ya kasance cikin ayyukan bincike, mahaifiyata Iswanabel ta rike matsayin sakataren labaran likita, aiki a kungiya daya tare da matansa. Steve ya girma a kamfanin 'yan'uwa mata biyu da edward uwan Edward, wanda dangin hokay ya karba.
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, Stebenben ya shiga Jami'ar Oxford, a karshen da ya karbi digiri na farko a shekarar 1962. Shekaru biyu da rabi bayan haka, a shekarar 1966, saurayin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin likitocin farko na hotunan falo a kan Jami'ar Cambridge.
Ciwo
Daga shekaru yara, Stephafen ya kasance mai koshin lafiya, ko da a cikin ƙuruciyarsa bai ji daɗin kowace irin damuwa ba. Amma a matasan sa, masifa ta same shi. Matasan Stephen ya sami mummunan cuta - sceral amyotrophic sclerosis.
Ganewar asali kamar jumla. Bayyanar cututtuka na cutar ta ci gaba a babban gudu. A sakamakon haka, game da ilimin nazarin ilimin kimiyya ya ci gaba daya. Duk da wannan, Stephen hoking koyaushe yana bayyana da murmushi mai kyau. Ana ɗaure shi a cikin keken hannu, Istafan bai tsaya cikin ci gaban tunani ba, ya shiga cikin ilimin kai, nazarin littattafan kimiyya, sun ziyarci taron. Guy yayi gwagwarmaya kowane minti. Ruhunsa na kirki ya taimaka a shekarar 1974 don samun membobinmu na dindindin a cikin Royal Nural London.
A cikin 1985, Stephen Hawking ya sha wahala tiyata tiyata, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a guji saboda rikicewar cutar huhu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Stephen gaba daya ya daina tattaunawa, amma ya ci gaba da yin aiki tare da abokan aiki tare da taimakon wani bayanin magana, abokansa - Jami'ar Cambridge - musamman a gare shi.
Don wani lokaci, sahkking na iya motsawa tare da alamar dama. Amma wannan ikon akan lokaci ya faɗi. Kawai mimic tsoka cheyek ya cigaba. Mai firikwensin da aka sanya a gaban wannan tsoka ya taimaki Istafan kwamfuta, wanda zai iya magana da mutanensa a kusa da shi.
Duk da sakin layi mai wahala, tarihin rayuwar Istephen Hawking ya cika da abubuwan bakan gizo, binciken kimiyya da nasarorin. Wani mummunan cuta ba ta karye ta Istafanus ba, kadan canza kwararar rayuwa. Kusan cikakke inna Stephen Hawking bai ga shingen kansa ba a cikin nasa mai saucin nasa, ya jagoranci babban aiki mai cike da wadataccen aiki.
Wata rana, hawking ya yi ainihin feat. Ya yarda ya dandana yanayin zama a sarari mara nauyi, bayan tashi a kan jirgin sama da aka tanada musamman. Wannan taron da ya faru a cikin 2007 ya sauya wakilcin wakilcin Stephen Hawking a duniya kusa. Masanin masanin ya shirya manufa - don cinye sarari ba daga baya fiye da 2009 ba.
Ilmin kimiyyar lissafi
Babban ƙwarewar Stephen Hawking shine cosmology da kuma murhu mai nauyi. Masanin ilimin kimiyya ya bincika yanayin zafi da ke tasowa a cikin moles, ramuka baƙi da alamomi duhu. Sunanta ana kiranta sabon abu wanda ke kwatanta da kuma nuna "Empapor na ramuka baƙi" - "radiation na hawking".
A shekara ta 1974, Istafanu da wani masanin ilimin da aka sani a lokacin, Kakoran Kakorn ya yi jayayya game da yanayin abun sararin samaniya swan "X-1" da radiation. Istafanus, yana kulawa da sabanin binciken nasa, ya yi jayayya cewa wannan lamarin ba wani rami ne na baki ba. Koyaya, lalata shan kashi, ya ba da nasarar muhawara a shekarar 1990. Ya kamata a lura cewa ragi na matasa maza sun kasance kyakkyawa "mai tsanani." Stephen Hawking sa a kan biyan kuɗi na shekara-shekara zuwa mujallar Mjiyan "Pentuta", kuma Korn Kors biyan kuɗi ne huɗu ga mujallar "ido ido".
A cikin 1997, Stephen Hoking ya kammala wannan ya zama mafi fare, amma a yanzu, tare da dafa ko da aka dafa wa Yahudiya game da Johin Philip Pleaskill. Tattaunawa mai rikitarwa ta zama fara magana a cikin binciken juyin juya halin Stephen Hawking, tare da rahoton da ya yi magana a taron manema labarai na musamman a 2004. A cewar John Porkell, a cikin raƙuman da ke fitar da ramuka baƙi, akwai wasu bayanan da ba za a yanke shawara ba.
Hawking ya musanta wannan alion ta hanyar dogaro kan sakamakon binciken na 1975. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa ba za a iya tabbatar da bayanin ba don yin hankali, tunda yana faduwa cikin sararin samaniya, daya daya zuwa ga taurarin mu.
Daga baya, a cikin 2004, a cikin tsarin taron manema labarai a Dublin a kan batun cosmology, Stephen hawking gabatar da sabon ka'idar game da yanayin baƙar fata. Tare da wannan ƙarshe, takaddara kuma ya sake shan kashi a cikin jayayya, yana tilasta wa daidaiton abokin adawar. A cikin ka'idar ta, likitan lissafi har yanzu ya tabbatar da cewa bayanan bai shuɗe ba tare da alama ba, amma wata rana zai bar rami mai duhu tare da radiation mai zafi.
Stephen Hawking shi ne marubucin takardu da yawa game da sararin samaniya.
A cikin 2015, farkon farkon fim din "Wurin da Yousse Stephen Hawking", wanda matashin masanin masanin kimiyyar ya yi, a cewar masu samar da Hollywode Reubmein, a cewar masu samar da kayayyaki, a cewar masu samarwa. Fim ɗin ya tafi ya ambaci wanda ya yi amfani da matasa na Birtaniya.
Kinokarttina a cikin aikin Darakta, James Marsha ya ƙunshi tarihin Tarihi Istafanus, yayi magana game da dangantakarsa ta farko da Jane Wilde. Wani matashin ɗan wasan da ya taka leda na masanin kimiyyar almara da masanin kimiyyar Stena Stenam, bayan da aka samu Oscar ta samu Oscar don mafi kyawun rawar da na farko.
Littattafai
Baya ga wasu nasarori da nasarori a fagen kimiyya, Stephen Hawking ya zama sanannen a wani yanki. Ya rubuta littattafai da yawa da ke warwatsa duniya tare da babban wurare dabam dabam. Aikin farko shine littafin, wanda aka buga a 1988. Aikin fasaha da ilimin kimiyya da ake kira "Tarihin Tarihin" na Dynam har yanzu mai sayarwa.
Hakanan, masanin kimiyya ya zama marubucin littattafan nan "ramuka baƙi da kuma masana'antu matasa", "zaman lafiya a cikin silver azurfa". A cikin 2005, ya rubuta wani littafi "mafi guntu tarihin lokaci", yanzu tare da hadin gwiwar marubucin Leonardr Misoda. Tare da 'yarta Stephen hawking ya rubuta kuma ya sake wani littafi ga yara "George da asirin sararin samaniya," wanda aka sake shi a 2006.
A karshen shekarar 1998, masanin ilimin kimiyya ya tattara cikakken hasashen kimiyya game da makomar dan Adam don mafi kusantar millennium. An yi rahoton da ya dace a gidan gwamnati. Muhawarawarsa tana da kyakkyawan fata. A cikin 2003, bayanin mai binciken bai sake karfafa gwiwa ba, ya shawarci ɗan adam, ba tare da tunani ba, matsa zuwa wasu rayayyun, motsawa zuwa wasu rayayyun, motsawa zuwa wasu rayayyun halittu daga kwayoyin cuta da ke barazanar rayuwarmu.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekarar 1965, Stephen Hawking ya auri Jane Wilde, wanda ya hadu a wani maraice maraice. Yarinyar ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu mata da' yata. Rayuwar Rayuwa ta Stephen Hawking da matarsa bai yi aiki ba, kuma a 1991 suna da saki. Aikace-aikacen da ke haifar da kisan aure ba su aikata ga jama'a ba.
Tuni a cikin 1995, Stephen Hawking ya yi aure a karo na biyu, a kan cinikinsa Enline Mason, wanda ya daɗe yana kula da masana kimiyya. Bayan aure na Goma sha daya da aure ya sake sakin matarsa.
Yara matasa Matashi Elephen ya ba Uba a cikin al'amuransa da dukan al'amuransa da ƙoƙari. Bugu da ƙari ga su, masanin kimiyya a kullum ya goyi bayan danginsa, mai zane mai ban dariya na ban dariya Jim Kerry, tare da wanda ya maimaita a marigayi da hoto na mujallu.
Siyasa da Addini
Masanin masanin ya ƙaryata game da duk ka'idar game da kasancewar Allah kuma ya kasance mai ƙin yarda. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, an sa masa albarka ta musamman, wanda aka riƙe shi a bangon makarantar kimiyya na gidan papal. Dangane da fifikon siyasa, Stephen Hawking yana nufin kansa ga masu aiki.
A lokacin bazara na 1968, masanin kimiyya, tare da ma'aikacin jama'a, Tarik Ali da fim din dan wasan VAESSA Redgragrve ya shiga cikin hannun jari a Vietnam.
Daga baya, shekarun 1980, masanin da ke goyon bayan manufar abokan aikinsa game da rashin wasan makasudin zaman kansu, kiwon lafiya da daidaituwa na yanayin duniya na duniya.
Hukuncin shugaban Amurka, wanda ya kai ga yakin a yankin Jamhuriyar Iraki a 2003, masanin kimiyya da ake kira laifin jami'an soja. A wannan shekarar, ya goyi bayan kauracewa mahalarta taron Isra'ila game da hukumomin siyasa a kan mazauna Falasdinu.
Shekaru na farko Stephen Hawking sun yi aiki a kan sababbin batutuwan duniya, sun ba da laccoci kan kimiyyar lissafi a Cibiyar, Tsayawa cikin ayyukan bincike masu aiki.
Mutuwa
Kafofin Burtaniya na Burtaniya sun ba da rahoton cewa da sanyin safiyar ranar 14 ga Maris, 2018 Stephen Hawking ya mutu a gidansa. Yaran masanin kimiyya ya tabbatar da wannan bayanin, yana cewa:
"Da zarar ya ce:" A cikin sararin samaniya, ba za a sami wata ma'ana ba, idan ba ta rasa gidan da ƙaunataccen mutane suke zaune. "Koyaushe za mu rasa shi" "