Ubuzima
Umuganga Theorist hamwe n'umuhanga mu by'amahoro Stephen William Hawking yavutse ku ya 8 Mutarama 1942 mu mujyi wa Oxford, Ubwongereza, mu muryango w'abaganga. Jye Frank Frank yishora mu bikorwa by'ubushakashatsi, Mama Isabel yari afite umunyamabanga w'ikigo cy'ubuvuzi, akora mu itsinda rimwe n'uwo yashakanye. Steve yakuze ari kumwe na bashiki bacu babiri na murumuna we Edward, uwo muryango wa Holking wakiriwe.
Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, Sitefano yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Oxford, arangije yakiriye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu 1962. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri nigice, mu 1966, umusore yabaye umwe mu baganga ba mbere ba filozofiya ya Tinti Hall Filozofiya muri kaminuza ya Cambridge.
Indwara
Kuva mu myaka ya mbere, Sitefano yari umuhungu mwiza, ndetse no mu busore bwe ntibyahungabanijwe n'indwara zose. Ariko mu busore bwe, ibyago byaramubayeho. Umusore Sitefano yasanze indwara iteye ubwoba - scleropi ya scleroprofike.
Isuzuma ryasaga nkinteruro. Ibimenyetso by'indwara byatejwe imbere ku muvuduko mwinshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imizigo izaza ya siyansi yakomeje kumugara rwose. Nubwo bimeze, Stephen Hoking burigihe igaragara hamwe no kumwenyura neza. Kuba umunyururu ku igare ry'ibimuga, Sitefano ntiyahagaritse mu iterambere ryo mu mutwe, yishora mu kwiyigisha, yize ibitabo bya siyansi, yasuye amahugurwa. Umusore yarwanye buri munota. Umwuka we w'imyitwarire wafashije mu 1974 kubona abanyamuryango uhoraho muri societe ya cyami London.
Mu 1985, Stephen Hawking yagize kubaga Larynx, bidashoboka kwirinda kubera umusonga ugoye. Kuva icyo gihe, Sitefano yaretse kuvuga, ariko akomeza guhura neza na bagenzi be abifashijwemo na synthesizer y'Ijambo, byateye imbere n'inshuti ze - kaminuza ya Cambridge - cyane cyane kuri we.
Mu gihe runaka, hawking irashobora kugenda ifite urutoki rwiburyo. Ariko ubu bushobozi mugihe yaguye. Umusatsi wonyine wimitsi wagumye kugenda. Uruganda ruteganye aho imitsi yafashije Sitefano mu micungire ya mudasobwa, ashobora kuvugana n'abantu be bamukikije.
Nubwo igika kigoye, ubuzima bwa Sitefano Hawking bwuzuyemo imikoro umukororombya, kuvumbura siyanse nibikorwa byagezweho. Indwara iteye ubwoba ntabwo ivunitse na Sitefano, gusa yahinduye gato ubuzima. Hafi yamugaye rwose Stephen Hawking ntabwo yabonye inzitizi mu mbaraga ze bwite, yayoboye akazi gakomeye kazungurutse.
Umunsi umwe, Hawking yakoze umwihariko. Yemeye kubona ibintu byo kuguma mu mwanya utagira uburemere, umaze gusohoka mu ndege idasanzwe. Ibi birori byabereye mu 2007 byahinduye byimazeyo kwerekana Sitefano Hawking ku isi hirya no hino. Umuhanga yatanze intego - kugirango atsinde umwanya bitarenze 2009.
Physics
Umwihariko wa Sitefano Hawking ni cosmology na fonemu gravity. Umuhanga yakoranye inzira ya dormodynamike zivuka muri moles, umwobo wirabura n'ikibazo cyijimye. Izina ryayo ryitwa phenomenon gusobanura no kumenya "guhumeka" - "imirasire yimyanda".
Mu 1974, Sitefano n'undi bazwi muri icyo gihe, inzobere ya Kankorn korn yavugaga kamere y'umwanya wibintu swan "x-1" nimirasire yayo. Sitefano, abanza kuvuguruza ubushakashatsi bwe bwite, yavuze ko iki kintu atari umwobo wirabura. Ariko, gutsindwa kwangiritse, byahaye uwatsinze amakimbirane mu 1990. Twabibutsa ko igipimo cy'abasore bato bari "bikomeye." Stephen Hawking yashyizeho abiyandikisha ngarukamwaka ku kinyamakuru cya Erotic Glossy "Penthouse", na korn korn umwaka w'imyaka ine mu kinyamakuru cyo gusetsa "wenyine".
Mu 1997, Stephen Hoking yashoje yashoje andi mahirwe, ariko noneho, hamwe n'imodoka yatetse kuri John Propkill. Ibiganiro bitavugwaho rumwe byabaye intangiriro mu myigire y'impinduramatwara ya Sitefano Hawking, hamwe na raporo yavugiye mu kiganiro kidasanzwe cy'abanyamakuru mu 2004. Dukurikije Yohana aba Preskirell, mumiraba yakuye umwobo wirabura, hari amakuru adashobora guterwa.
Hawking yavuguruzanya urwo ari ashingiye ku bisubizo by'ubushakashatsi bwo mu 1975. Yavuze ko amakuru adashobora gukorerwa icyemezo, kubera ko kigwa mu isanzure, bisa na galaxy yacu.
Nyuma, mu 2004, mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru muri Dublin ku ngingo ya Cosmologiya, Stephen Hawking yashyizemo igitekerezo gishya kijyanye n'imiterere y'umwobo wirabura. Hamwe nuyu mwanzuro, uroroshye na none watsinzwe mu makimbirane, uhagarika kumenya ukuri k'uwo bahanganye. Mu gitekerezo cye, umuhanga mu bya fiziki aracyagaragaza ko amakuru atashira nta kimenyetso, ariko umunsi umwe uzasiga umwobo wirabura hamwe nimirasire yubushyuhe.
Stephen Hawking numwanditsi winyandiko nyinshi zerekeye isanzure.
Muri 2015, premiere yuburebure buranga filime "isanzure Stephen Hawking", aho umuhanga mu bya siyansi ya Holdie Redmein, nk'uko abaproduce bakuru ba Holdie Redmein, bakurikije ibibyara, bikwiriye uru ruhare. Filime yagiye kuvugwa ikoresha cyane urubyiruko rwongereza.
Kinortina mu kazi k'umuyobozi, James Marsha arimo amateka nyayo ya Sitefano, avuga ku mibanire ye itoroshye n'umugore wa mbere wa Jane Wilde. Umukinnyi ukiri muto wakinnye umuhanga n'umuhanga, Stephen Hawking, nyuma yuko Premiere yakiriye Oscar ku ruhare rwiza rw'abagabo ba gahunda ya mbere.
Ibitabo
Usibye ibindi byagezweho hamwe nawagezweho mu rwego rwa siyansi, Stephen Hawking yamenyekanye mu kandi karere. Yanditse ibitabo byinshi byatatanye ku isi bikwirakwira cyane. Akazi ka mbere kari igitabo, cyasohotse mu 1988. Akazi k'ubuhanzi n'ubumenyi byitwa "Amateka magufi yigihe" ya Dynam akomeza kuba mwiza.
Nanone, umuhanga yabaye umwanditsi w'ibitabo "umwobo wirabura n'isamburayo bito", "amahoro mu ifeza ya walnut". Mu 2005, yanditse ikindi gitabo "amateka magufi yigihe", ubu ku bufatanye n'umwanditsi Leonard Mrododinov. Hamwe n'umukobwa we Sitefano Hawking yanditse kandi asohora igitabo cy'abana "George n'amabanga y'isi n'ijuru," yasohotse mu isanzure, "yasohotse mu isanzure."
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1998, umuhanga yakusanyije ibyahanuwe siyansi iteganyagihe ryabantu ku kinyagihumbi cyegereye. Raporo ijyanye n'inzu ya leta. Ibitekerezo bye byumvikanye neza. Mu 2003, amagambo yacuruzaga ntiyari antera inkunga cyane, yagiriye inama abantu, atabitekereje, yimukira mu zindi isi yo muzima kure ya virusi ibangamira kubaho kwacu.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1965, Stephen Hawking yashakanye na Jane Wilde, wateraniye ku mugoroba w'urukundo. Uyu mukobwa yibarutse umuhanga abahungu babiri n'umukobwa babiri. Ubuzima bwihariye Sitefano Hawking hamwe numugore we ntabwo yakoze, kandi mu 1991 bari baratandukanye. Impamvu zitera Abatandukana ntabwo biyemeje kumenyekanisha.
Mu 1995, Stephen Hawking yashakanye n'inshuro ya kabiri, ku muforomo we Eline Mason, igihe kinini yita ku bahanga. Nyuma yo gushyingiranwa imyaka ya mbere yubatse nabyo byatanye numugore we.
Abana Sitefano Hawking yashyigikiye Data mubibazo bye byose. Usibye kuri bo, umuhanga yahoraga ashyigikira inshuti ye magara, umuhanzi wa Hollywood wa Perre Jim Kerry, uwo yagaragaye inshuro nyinshi nimugoroba n'amafoto y'ibinyamakuru.
Politiki n'idini
Umuhanga wanze inyigisho zose zerekeye kubaho kw'Imana kandi yari umuhakanamana. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, yahawe imigisha na Papa Francis muri Inama nyugatabitekerezo idasanzwe, yabereye mu rukuta rw'ishuri rya siyansi ry'abapapa. Dukurikije ibyo ukunda bya politiki, Stephen Hawking yohereza abakorera.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1968, umuhanga hamwe n'umukozi wa Leta, Tarik Ali na Filime Umukinnyi wa Filime Vanessa Redgrave yagize uruhare mu ntambara yo kurwanya intambara muri Vietnam.
Nyuma, 1980, umuhanga yashyigikiye igitekerezo cya bagenzi be bijyanye no kwanga intwaro za kirimbuzi, ubuzima rusange no mu buryo busanzwe bw'ikirere ku isi.
Umuhanga witwa Republika yita ingabo za gisirikare yagize ati: "Icyemezo cya Perezida wa Amerika, wayoboraga intambara mu karere ka Repubulika ya Iraki mu 2003, umuhanga mu by'amategeko ya IRabi. Muri uwo mwaka, yashyigikiye umuhungu abitabiriye inama ya Isiraheli ku bayobozi ba politiki barwanyaga abaturage ba Paleziya.
Imyaka yashize Stephen Hawking yakoraga ku bibazo bishya by'isi n'ijuru, byatanze ibiganiro kuri fiziki muri iki kigo, akora ibikorwa by'ubushakashatsi.
Urupfu
Ibitangazamakuru byo mu Bwongereza byatangaje ko hakiri kare mu gitondo cyo ku ya 14 Werurwe 2018 Stephen Hawking yapfiriye iwe. Abana b'Umuhanga yemeje aya makuru, agira ati:
"Amaze kuvuga ati:" Mu isanzure, ntihazongera kubaho ku buryo nta bundi yari ari inzu abakunzwe babaho. "Tuzahora tumukumbura" ".