Chiphunzitso
Mankhwala a Sintha Donist komanso wosankha mtendere Stefan William Hwambom anabadwa pa Januware 8, 1942 mumzinda wa Oxford, United Kingdom, m'banja la asing'anga. A Frank Frank adachita ntchito yofufuzira, amayi anga a Isabel adachita ntchito ya Secretary ya malo azachipatala, akugwira ntchito pagulu limodzi ndi mnzake. Steve anakula ndi alongo awiri komanso Mbale Edwahdard, yemwe banja lanyumba limatengera.
Atamaliza sukulu yasekondale, Stefano adalowa kuyunivesite ya Oxford, kumapeto kwake adalandira digiri ya Bachelor mu 1962. Patatha zaka ziwiri ndi theka, mu 1966, mnyamatayo adakhala m'modzi mwa madotolo oyamba a Hallit Hall College Getlosophy ku yunivesite ya Cambridge.
Nthenda
Kuyambira zaka za ana ana, Stefano anali mwana wathanzi, ngakhale ali mwana wake sanasokoneze matenda aliwonse. Koma ndili mwana, tsoka lidachitika kwa iye. Wachichepereyo anapeza matenda oyipa - ofatsa a amyotrophic sclerosis.
Kuzindikira kumamveka ngati sentensi. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimapangidwa pa liwiro lalikulu. Zotsatira zake, malingaliro amtsogolo a sayansi sanafanane konse. Ngakhale izi, mahosi a Stephen nthawi zonse amawoneka kuti akumwetulira. Kumangidwa Kwa Olumala, Stefano sanasiye kulingalira m'maganizo, adachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, adaphunzira mabuku asayansi, adayendera masemina. Mnyamatayo adamenya mphindi iliyonse. Makhalidwe ake amakhalidwe abwino omwe amathandiza mu 1974 kuti apeze mamembala okhazikika ku Royal London.
Mu 1985, a Stefano akudwala opaleshoni ya larynx, yomwe inali yosatheka kuti ipewe chifukwa cha chibayo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Stefano anasiya kulankhula, koma anapitiliza kulumikizana mwamphamvu ndi anzawo mothandizidwa ndi anzawo, omwe anapangidwa ndi anzawo - yunivesite ya Cambridid - makamaka kwa iye.
Kwa kanthawi, kuveka kumatha kusuntha ndi dzanja lamanja lamanja. Koma luso ili pakapita nthawi lagwa. Tsitsi lokhalo la mizimu lokhalo limayendabe. Sensor itakhazikitsidwa moyang'anizana ndi minofu iyi idathandiza Stefano pakompyuta, yomwe amalankhulana ndi anthu ake momuzungulira.
Ngakhale panali ndime yovutayi, mbiri ya Stefano akuyatsidwa ndi zida za utawaleza, zasayansi zapeza ndi zomwe zimachitika. Matenda owopsa samasweka ndi Stefano, atangosintha pang'ono moyo. Kuthamanga kokwanira kwa Swala Swala sanawone zopinga zake m'bungwe lake, linapangitsa kuti ndikhale wolemera.
Tsiku lina, kung'ambika kunapangitsa kuti akhale ndi moyo. Anavomera kuti azikhala m'dera lolemera, atawotcha ndege yogwira ntchito mwaluso. Mwambowu womwe unachitika mu 2007 wasintha kwambiri kuyimira kwa Stefano akunyengerera padziko lonse lapansi. Asayansi adayika cholinga - kugonjetsa malo palibe nthawi yopitilira 2009.
Fisunth
Kukula kwakukulu kwa Stephen Hiwk ndi kosmology ndi mphamvu yokoka. Wasayansiyo adathandizira njira za thermodynamic zokuwuluka mumadontho, mabowo akuda komanso chinthu chamdima. Dzina lake limatchedwa phenomenon polongosola ndi kufotokozera mabowo a "kusuta kwa mabowo akuda" - "radiations akufanizira".
Mu 1974, wina ndi Stefano ndi wina amene amadziwika kuti, katswiri wa Kakorn Korn adatsutsa za mtundu wa Swan "X-1 ndi ma radiation. Stefano, amakamba kafukufuku wake, ananena kuti chinthu ichi si dzenje lakuda. Komabe, kugonjetsedwa, kunapangitsa wopambana mkangano mu 1990. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa anyamata achinyamata kunali kokongola "zazikulu." Stephen Hawkani pa kulembetsa Kwake pachaka kwa magazini yoloza ", ndi korthouse" ndi cholembera zaka zinayi ku nyumba yoseketsa "Diso payekha.
Mu 1997, anthu a Stefano adamaliza kubetcha ena, koma tsopano, limodzi ndi galimoto yophika motsutsana ndi John Filipill Homeskill. Zokambirana zotsutsana zinayamba kuphunzira Svieltery Stefano kuti awoneke, ali ndi lipoti lomwe adalankhula pa msonkhano wapadera wa atolankhani mu 2004. Malinga ndi John Preskill, m'mafunde omwe amatulutsa mabowo akuda, pali zambiri zomwe sizingapangidwe.
Kunyema kuna kunasemphana ndi Arion pakudalira zotsatira za maphunziro a 1975. Ananenetsa kuti chidziwitsocho sichingachonderere, chifukwa chimagwera m'chilengedwe, chofanana ndi mlalang'amba wathu.
Pambuyo pake, mu 2004, mu chimango cha msonkhano wowonera ku Dublin pamutu wa Cosmology, Stefano Hawwark adayika chiphunzitso chatsopano chokhudza mtundu wakuda. Pomaliza, kugwedeza komweko kunagonjetsedwanso pamkangano, kukakamiza kuzindikira kulondola kwa wotsutsayo. Mu lingaliro Lake, wasingayo adatsimikizirabe kuti chidziwitsocho sichitha popanda kufufuza, koma tsiku lina adzasiya bowo lakuda ndi ma radiation.
Stephen akulira ndi wolemba mabuku angapo onena za chilengedwe chonse.
Mu 2015, chiphunzitso cha kanema wonse wamtali "chilengedwe cha Stefano chikuwoneka", momwe wachinyamata wachinyamata adachita redmer Actmein Eddie, malinga ndi opanga, monga opanga izi. Kanemayo adapita ku zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito wachinyamata waku Britain.
Kinokortarta mu ntchito ya woyang'anira, James Marsha ali ndi mbiri yoona ya Stefano, amalankhula za ubale wake wovuta ndi mkazi woyamba wa Jane Hulde. Wochita sewero wachichepere yemwe adasewera wasayansi ndi dzina lakale, Stefano Stefano adagwidwa, Akuluakulu atalandira Oscar chifukwa cha gawo labwino kwambiri la mapulani oyamba.
Mabuku
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zina zomwe zachitika ndi zomwe mwakwanitsa m'munda wa sayansi, Stephen Haww adatchuka kudera lina. Adalemba mabuku angapo omwe amamwazikana padziko lonse lapansi ndi kufalikira kwakukulu. Ntchito yoyamba inali Bukhu, lofalitsidwa mu 1988. Ntchito yaukadaulo komanso yasayansi yotchedwa "mbiri yachidule ya nthawi" ya dynam imakhalabe bwino.
Komanso, wasayansi adalemba mabuku "mabowo akuda ndi achinyamatawa", "mtendere mu wa siliva". Mu 2005, adalemba buku lina "mbiri yachidule kwambiri ya nthawi", yomwe tsopano ikugwirizana ndi wolemba Leonard MRODODIINOV. Pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamkazi Stefano analemba ndipo anatulutsa buku la ana "George ndi zinsinsi za chilengedwe chonse," chomwe chinamasulidwa mu 2006.
Kumapeto kwa 1998, wasayansi adawonetseratu mwatsatanetsatane asadafotokoze zandale za zaka za zana lapafupi. Lipoti loyenerera linapangidwa mu Nyumba ya boma. Mtima wake udatsimikiza kwambiri. Mu 2003, zomwe wofufuzayo sanalimbikitsenso, adalangiza anthu, osaganiza, kusamukira ku mafonth ena kutali ndi ma virus omwe amaopseza moyo wathu wopulumuka.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1965, Stefano anakwatirana ndi Jane Hulde, yemwe anakumana ku zachifundo. Mtsikanayo adabereka ana asayansi awiri ndi mwana wamkazi. Moyo waumwini Stefano adanyansidwa ndi mkazi wake sanathe, ndipo mu 1991 adasudzulana. Zoyambitsa zoyambitsa chisudzulo sizinapereke kwa kufalitsa.
Poyamba mu 1995, a Stefano anali atakwatira kachiwiri, pa namwino wake Eline Mason, omwe amasamalira asayansi. Pakatha ukwati wa pa 7veni uko, anachititsanso mkazi wake.
Ana a Stefano adathandizira abambo onse ndi zochita zake zonse. Kuphatikiza pawo
Ndale ndi Chipembedzo
Wasayansi anakana malingaliro onse za kukhalapo kwa Mulungu ndipo sanatsutse kuti kuli Mulungu. Ngakhale kuti anali wodalitsika chifukwa cha Papa Francis pamtchuthi yapadera, yomwe idachitika m'makoma a sayansi yasayansi ya papary ya Papal. Malinga ndi zomwe amakonda andale, Stephen Hawn amatanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito okha.
Chapakatikati pa 1968, wasayansi, palimodzi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito pagulu, Ali wa Tarik Ali ndi filimu yochita masewera a Vanessa Redgrave adatenga nawo mbali motsutsana ndi nkhondo ku Vietnam.
Pambuyo pake, ma 1980, wasayansiyo adatsimikizira lingaliro la ogwira nawo ntchito za zida za nyukiliya, thanzi lonse komanso kukonzanso dziko lonse lapansi padziko lapansi.
Chisankho cha Purezidenti waku America, yemwe adatsogolera kunkhondo ku gawo la Iraq Republic mu 2003 Republic mu 2003, wasayansi adatcha mlanduwo akuluakulu ankhondo. M'chaka chomwecho, adachithandiza omwe atenga nawo gawo la msonkhano wa Israeli pazandale za anthu okhala ku Palestine.
Zaka zaposachedwa kwa Stephen Hawwko adagwira ntchito pazinthu zatsopano za chilengedwe, adapereka zopindika pa ngwazikisi ku Institute, akuchita ntchito yofufuzira yogwira.
Imfa
Atolankhani aku Britain adanena kuti m'mawa kwambiri pa Marichi 14, 2018 Stephen akufa kunyumba kwake. Ana a wasayansi adatsimikiza izi, nati:
"Nthawi ina anati:" Chilengedwe chonse sichingamveke ngati si nyumba yomwe anthu okondedwa amakhala. "Nthawi zonse tidzamusowa" "