I-Biograge
Umlobi, owanikeza izingane umlingiswa omuhle kaCarlson omangalisayo nosizi oluhle lukaPeppi Low-Roll, waba obo bonke abantwana bomhlaba. Kunzima ukuthola umndeni lapho bengafundanga izincwadi nezincwadi ezijabulisayo ze-Astrid Lindgren. Umlobi waseSweden, ngokungafani nomunye, awuzange uxazulule umphefumulo wezingane futhi wathola indlela eya kuyo. Amagama afanayo, waveza izinkinga ezinkulu nokwesaba kwabantu abancane, ekhumbuza abantu abadala ukuthi bake bazi, kepha bakhohlwa.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Astrid Anna Emilia Eriksson, ngakho-ke uzwakala igama eliphelele lomlobi ngaphambi komshado, wazalwa ngoNovemba 1907 eSweden, epulazini elaliphethe. Eyesizalweni Sepulazi, iminyaka yezingane yombhali wesikhathi esizayo yenzeka. Ukusondela kwemvelo, iminyaka yobudala engama- "amahhashi kanye nekhabetheolet" yaba nomthelela ekuvulekeni ngokomoya nasekuthuthukisweni kokuqala kokudala kwe-swede.
Endlini yama-Ericssons abusa uthando nemvume. Abazali be-Astrid bahlangana emakethe lapho umama wayeneminyaka engu-7, futhi uYise uneminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Ubungane bezingane baphenduka uzwela, futhi kamuva - othandweni. USamuel Agasti noHana babenabantwana bezingane ezine: izibulo - indodana kaGunnari, namadodakazi amathathu, omdala kwawo kwakungu-Astrid Anna Emilia.
Izingane zizungeza impilo yabampofu kanye nemvelo ye-pristine. Abafana basiza abazali emsebenzini wasendlini, nasesikhathini sabo sokuphumula bagqoke epulazini bezofuna ama-adventures. Emndenini, ngokusho kuka-Astrid Lindgren, isimo esimnandi esimangazayo sabusa: Abantu abadala abangabazi ukukhombisa imizwa efudumele komunye nomunye nasezinganeni ukuthi emindenini yabampofu ayesavela.
ILittle Astrid Lindgren eyayinamathela ekulaleleni i-forklore - izinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane ezazivame ukutshelwa ezinganeni epulazini. Akazange afunde namanje ukufundwa kwe-astrid okokuqala ngqa ukuzwa "incwadi" inganekwane endlini intombi. Izingane zakhe zifunda ikhishi likamama. Intombazane engenakuphinda yezwakala, yangena ezweni lomlingo futhi yabuyela kwangempela isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha uLindgren wafunda idiploma, futhi ukufunda kwakuwumsebenzi wakhe amthandayo naphakade. Kakade emakilasini asemqoka, umbhali wesikhathi esizayo wabonisa amakhono okubhala, okwakukhona ihlaya elibizwa ngokuthi i-sagerlef (okokuqala uNobel Laureate ezincwadini).
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme, intombazane eneminyaka engu-16 yathola intatheli yaseJunior ehlelweni lwesikhathi sendawo. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ukukhulelwa kukaLindgren kowesilisa oshadile kwasuka eVimmertlle kwaya enhlokodolobha, efuna ukulahleka edolobheni lesigidi, lapho kungekho muntu owamaziyo. EStockholm, u-Astrid Lindgren uthole unobhala okhethekile futhi ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane esetshenziswe eRoyal Autoclub.
Into yokufunda
Eminyakeni engu-5 kamuva kamuva u-Astrid Lindgren, manje oyintokazi eshadile, useye umfazi wasendlini. Ngo-1941, umndeni, lapho manje atshala khona izingane ezimbili, ehlala eStockholm efulethini, emafasiteleni okuvela kuwo i-The GoLque Wata Park ebonakala. Lapha lona wesifazane wabhala yonke imisebenzi yakhe. Ekuqaleni u-Astrid Lindgren wenqabe ipeni, esebenza njengonobhala. Ngemuva kwalokho wakuthanda ukubhala izindaba ezincane nezincwadi zeziqondisi ezimfushane zomagazini bomndeni kanye nezingane.
Ngokusho kwendaba, umlingiswa wokuqala wendaba yengane ye-adventure wajabula ngenxa yeKarin encane. Ukuvuvukala okugulayo kwendodakazi ekhanyayo, kujwayele izingane zikamama ebusuku, kubuze u-Astrid ukuthi axoxe ngendaba ngePeppi Long. Igama lentombazane yomlingiswa elasungulwa. ULindgren wenza isifiso sengane futhi waqamba inganekwane. Uyithandile kakhulu indodakazi yakhe kangangokuba umama welula ukuqhubeka kwezinye izinye izinye izikhathi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, imicabango ye-Astrid Lindgren yathatha izingxoxo ezishisayo ngokukhuliswa kwesizukulwane esisencane. Enye ingxenye yeNhlangano yavumelana nenhlonipho yokuthi ungubani umntwana nenkululeko edingekayo yokwenziwa, eyesibili yenzelwe i-classic, imfundo yasePuritan kanye nokuvinjelwa kwenkululeko. U-Astrid wayesohlangothini lwe- "Liberals" esuka ePadagogy, eyabisela umlingisi wayo.
Inoveli ngayinye elandelayo mayelana nobuhlanya obubomvu obunothando lwenkululeko ezitokisini ezinemininingwane edingekayo. Iminyaka emihlanu, izindaba ezimfushane "zikhule" endabeni. Lapho amadodakazi ka-Astrid Lindgren ajika ngeshumi, umama wamenza waba isipho sosuku lokugubha: Uveze umbhalo wesandla wezindaba eziningana ngoPeppi futhi waphenduka incwadi.
Iphiko elibhalwe ngesandla elibhalwe ngesandla kanye nokufika kwe-Red Sorvigolov Lindgren ebekwe kwindlu enkulu yokushicilela yaseSweden Bonnierkoncen. Kepha umshicileli akazange aphuthume ukuphrinta incwadi eshiya uhlaka olujwayelekile. Ukucabanga, uBonerocenene wabuya umbhalo wesandla ka-Astrid. Umlobi wawungelutho, kepha akazange anciphise izandla: Wabona ukuthi ubona mbono wendodakazi eyenziwe yi-Peppy, futhi wayazi kahle ukuthi yini ezoqhubeka nokubhala izingane.
Ngo-1944, umlobi waseSweden wezwa ngalo mncintiswano, wabanjwa nje ovela endlini yokushicilela "Rabn kanye ne-hegran". Ngaphambi kokuthi ababhali babeke umsebenzi Bhala incwadi yamantombazane. Izindatshana ezintathu ezihamba phambili zithembisa ukuphrinta. U-Astrid Lindgren wethule le ndaba eNkantolo "uBritt-Marie ithululela umphefumulo" futhi ibekwe owesibili. Ngakho-ke kwaqala ukuthanda i-biography.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, "rabn kanye ne-hegran" kwamenywa u-Astrid ukuthi asebenze. ULindgren uthathe ngentokozo ngesihlalo somhleli wezincwadi zezingane futhi wasebenza kulesi sikhundla kwaze kwaba ngu-1970, emshiya ezofinyelela iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Ngomlobi ofanayo umlobi ngo-1945, "Rabi kanye ne-Hegran" yanyathelisa incwadi yokuqala ngoPeppi - "uPeppi wazinza eVilla" Inkukhu ". Indaba yathandwa kakhulu yi-Swedam encane kangangokuba yambulwa yi-mig. Ngokushesha indatshana yahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi futhi yahlukaniswa ngumhlaba ngezintaba. Ngo-1946 nango-1948, izilaleli zezingane zilinde ukuqhubeka kwendaba.
Ngo-1946, u-Astrid Lindgren wethule abafundi abancane indaba mayelana nokufika komphenyi we-Blumvista. Ngo-1951, izingane zifunda ingxenye yesibili yeCalle eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2, ingxenye yokugcina ye-trilogy yashicilelwa, ibizwa nge-calle blumyvysist kanye ne-rasmus. Njengoba ususungule umphenyi omuhle, uLindgren waphakamisa enye indlela eya enjabulweni, lapho isizukulwane sasesine sifinyelele khona.
Maphakathi nawo-1950s, u-Astrid Lindgren wanikeza abafundi ingxenye yokuqala ye-MIO, i-Mio's Trilogy. " Le ndaba enhle futhi edabukisayo ngomfana owahlala ngaphandle kokushisa kwabazali. Kwakunezingane eziningi eziyizintandane ngemuva kwempi, futhi inhliziyo yomama ye-Astrid isiphetho sazo sasikhathazekile. Ngendatshana yakhe, wanikeza izingane ezizwakalayo nezeluleko, zasiza ekubekezeleleni nobunzima futhi zigxile ekukholweni kusasa elijabulisayo.
Ngemuva konyaka, ngo-1955, kwavela incwadi ye-trilogy 'ngesilinganiso esithile se-attic karlson's Attic Tentic Tentic kanye nengane edabukisayo, emndenini ogcwele, ovela kubazali abamatasatasa, abangenayo abazali abamatasa. Jabulisa futhi ududuze ingane indiza umthandi we-infantile omnandi nge-propeller emhlane wakhe.
Le ncwadi yayinempumelelo yezithulu, ihlangana nokufika kwe-peppi. Ngo-1962, kwashicilelwa ingxenye yesibili ye-trilogy, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6 - okwesithathu. Ukuhunyushwa kwendaba enhle ngengane neKarlssone yabafundi baseRussia benze uLilianna Lungin. Ingxenye yokuqala yavela eminyakeni engu-2 emva kokushicilelwa eSweden, okwesithathu - ngo-1974.
Kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-1986, i-astrid lindgren yaqanjwa ngezingane zemijikelezo yezincwadi ezi-6 mayelana neTorch encane, inenkani kanye ne-Emile Svnon. I-ledger eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala iwela njalo ekushintsheni, kepha ngokushesha okukhulu futhi imvamisa itshela ubaba wezixazululo ezingalindelekile epulazini nasebhizinisini.
Enye izigidi ezikhanyayo nezithandekayo zokuqedwa kwezingane uLindgren - inganekwane inganekwane "Roni, indodakazi kaRobber" - ivele ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980s. Le ndaba efundisayo nenomusa yokuhlakanipha kwezingane abantu abadala okufanele bayifunde. URoni uyindodakazi ka-Ataman Mattis, elwa nokuncintisana nalowo umphangi, indodana kaBirk ikhula. Izitha zakwabafungi bezitha ziyangena ekuzwelaneni futhi zibe abangane. Futhi lapho abazali abalwayo benqamula ukuba babe ngabangane, babalekela ehlathini.
Imisebenzi ye-Sweden Fairy Tage Times yayiyingezo sogqolozela futhi ifaka esigabeni sendawo yaseYurophu, eMelika nase-Asia. Ngokokuqala ngqa kwizikrini kwakukhona indaba ekhuluma ngeBlumKivist: Induna yalesi sithombe yenzeka ngo-1947 ngamaholide kaKhisimusi. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, ababukeli bethelevishini abancane babona ukukhetha kwe-peppi.
ESoviet Union, ubuqambi be-Astrid Lindgren yaziwa kabanzi futhi iyathandwa. Ngo-1976, izingane ze-USSR zabona kwisikrini "ukufika kwe-calle-umpheme", ngo-1978 - isithombe se- "rasmus-tragging", "uPeppi ulangazelela" kanye "nokunyathela". UPartoons ngoCarlson baphume ngo-1968 nango-1970.
I-Astrid LINDGren ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe iboshe zonke izinhlobo zemiklomelo. Ngo-1958 wethulwa ngeMedal Hans Christian Anderesen, elingana nomklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini zezingane.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala u-Astrid Lindgren lwaphenduka lwangajabule. Isithandwa sakhe - umhleli weVimmerby Magazine Axel Bloomberg - washada. Intatheli eneminyaka engu-18 yakhulelwa endoda endala iminyaka engama-30 lapho ehlukana. Futhi uma equlweni baye bafunda ukuthi iBloomberg yashintsha umngane wakhe womshado ka-Olivia, i-akhawunti yakhe yasebhange ngeke ibe nalutho. Ngakho-ke, u-Astrid okhulelwe wasuka edolobheni.
EDenmark, bavumele ukushiya igama likababa wemvelo ngasese, ngakho-ke intokazi yabeletha umfana waseCopenhagen. Kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5, kwavuswa uLars emndenini wabazali abangabazali baseStevenson.
EStockholm, u-Astrid wajwayelana neNiels Sture Lindgren. Ngemuva komshado ngo-1931, uLindgren wathatha indodana, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu wabeletha indodakazi kaKarin. Niels bamukela uLars bamnika isibongo sakhe. Abalingani baphila emshadweni ojabulayo weminyaka engama-21.
Ukushona
Ngo-1952, umyeni womlobi wafa. Ngo-1961, umama akazange abe yiminyaka eyi-8 noYise. Kubuhlungu kwaba yi-Astrid 1974: Umfowethu nabangane bakhe bashiywe kuze kube phakade. Futhi intaba yangempela yawela kowesifazane ngo-1986, lapho kufa indodana yakhe.
ULindgren wayevame ukuboniswa kwisakramente lokunakekela omunye umhlaba, kodwa, ngokungafani nabazali bakaLuthela abakholelwa empilweni yaphakade, u-Astrid wayengumsekeli we-agnosticism. U-Astrid Lindgren ushone ngoJanuwari 2002 ngasikhathi seminyaka yobudala - eminyakeni engama-94.
Ukukhumbula
- Ngonyaka wokufa kuka-Astrid Lindgren, uhulumeni waseSweden wasungula inkomba yenkomba yababhali abadumile ngenani lezigidi ezingama-5, unyaka ngamunye enikeza umlobi wezingane ezinhle kakhulu. Ngo-2016, wadluliselwa eBritish Meg Rosoff.
- Entwasahlobo yango-2015, ibhange laseSweden lakhipha uchungechunge olusha lwezikweletu ngenzuzo imiqhele engama-20, ekhombisa i-Astrid Lindgren.
- AbaseSweden bavikele ngokufana efulethini eStockholm, lapho umbhali odumile washona eneminyaka engama-60. Izindlu zeMnyuziyamu zazisebusika ka-2015, lapho iSweden igubha usuku lokuzalwa lwe-108 lwe-Astrid Lindgren.
- Ifulethi-imnyuziyamu ligcina isidlo sesikhumbuzo, ngabo-1997 bethule u-Astrid Boris Yeltin.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1945 - "UPeppi uhlala endaweni ye-villa" inkukhu "
- Ngo-1946 - "UPeppie wehla"
- 1948 - "UPeppie ezweni lokuhlanza"
- 1946 - "" I-Detective Calle Edumile Bloongvist "
- 1951 - "Ingozi Edumile Yomseshi I-Blumyvist"
- 1953 - I-Calle Blumyvist neRasmus
- Ngo-1947 - "Sonke sivela ku-bullerby"
- Ngo-1949 - "Futhi ngezingane ezivela enkunyuni"
- 1955 - "I-Kid noCarlson ohlala ophahleni"
- Ngo-1962 - "UCarlson ohlala ophahleni, wafika futhi"
- Ngo-1968 - "UCarlson ohlala ophahleni, wenqaba futhi"
- Ngo-1963 - "I-Emil evela eLenneberg"
- Ngo-1966 - "Amathrekhi amasha emille evela eLenneberg"
- 1954 - "Mio, Mio wami"
- Ngo-1981 - "Roni, Rogue Ndodakazi"