Biography
Umbhali, onike abantwana into enomtsalane kaCarlson kunye nosizi oluhle lwePeppi-Roll, waba ngumthonyama kubo bonke abantwana behlabathi. Kunzima ukufumana usapho apho bengafundanga iincwadi ezilungileyo nezonwabisayo ze-astrid lindgren. Umbhali waseSweden, njengongekho enye, wawusombulula umphefumlo wabantwana kwaye wafumana indlela eya kuyo. Amagama afanayo, achaze ezona ngxaki ziphambili noloyiko lwabantu abancinci, ekhumbuza abantu abadala abazichonge, kodwa balibale.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Asthana Anna Emilia Eriksson, ngoko ke uvakalisa igama elipheleleyo lombhali ngaphambi komtshato, wazalwa ngoNovemba we-1907 eSweden, kwifama yathwalwa. Kwiphondo lefama, iminyaka yabantwana yombhali wexesha elizayo yenzeka. Ukusondela kwindalo, iminyaka yobudala "ye-cabriolel kunye neCarrictolet" yafaka igalelo kokomoya nokukhula kwesiqalo sokuqala seSwede.
Kwindlu ye-erissons, walawula uthando nemvume. Abazali baka-Astrid bahlangabezana nemarike xa uMama wayeno-7, notata uneminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Ubuhlobo babantwana baguqukela uvelwano, kwaye kamva - luthando. USamuel noHana babenabantwana abane: isizalo sikaGuminar - iintombi ezintathu, kwangaphezulu kweso iAsolia.
Abantwana bajikeleza ubomi obuhle kunye nendalo ye-pistine. Aba bafana bancede abazali kumsebenzi wasekhaya, kwaye ngexesha labo lokuphumla babenxitywa kwifama ekukhangelani. Entsatsheni, ngokutsho kuka-Astrid Lindgren, umoya oqinisekileyo wokumangalisa waba nguquko: Abantu abadala khange bathandabuze ukubonisa iimvakalelo ezifudumeleyo omnye komnye kwaye abantwana abahlala kwiintsapho ezinamacala aphezulu.
I-Astrid Littrid Lindgren yavunywa ukuba imamele i-folklore-iintsomi kunye neentsomi ezazihlala zixelelwa kubantwana kwifama. Ayifundanga ukuba ifunde i-astharid okokuqala iviwe "incwadi" i-fale yendlu kwintombazana leyo. Abantwana bakhe bafunda ikhitshi likaMama. Intombazana engenamkhethekile yavakala, yangenisa kwiLizwe leMilingo kwaye yabuya inyani ixesha elide. Kungekudala uLindgren wafunda idiploma, kwaye ukufunda yayingumsebenzi wakhe owathandwayo ngonaphakade. Sele kwiiklasi zamanqanaba aphezulu, umbhali wexesha elizayo wabonisa ubuchule bokufundisa, oko yayiyinto ebizwa ngokuba yiSelima Lagerlef (i-Nobel yokuqala yoncwadi).
Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, intombazana eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala yafumana intatheli yaseJunior kwi-Edition yoPhezulu. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uLindgren ukhulelwe kwindoda etshatileyo washiya i-vimmertorte kwaye waya kwikomkhulu, efuna ukulahleka kwisixeko seshumi, apho kungekho mntu uyaziyo. EStockholm, i-Astrid Lindgren yafumana unobhala owodwa kwaye ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana esebenze kwi-Autoclub ye-Autoclub.
Uncwadi
Kwiminyaka emi-5 emva kweminyaka, uAstrid Lindgren, ngoku nenekazi eliMvayo, lingumfazi wasekhaya. Ngo-1941, usapho, apho sele ekhulisa abantwana ababini, bahlala kwindlu yaseStockholm, kwiifestile zepaki ye-IA Park ibonakala. Apha umfazi wabhala yonke imisebenzi yakhe. Ekuqaleni i-astrid lindgren yasala ipeni, isebenza njengonobhala. Emva koko wathanda ukubhala iintsomi ezincinci kunye neencwadi ezikhokelayo ezifutshane zosapho kunye neemagazini zabantwana.
Ngokwebali, umlinganiswa wokuqala webali le-adventure yaBantwana wazalwa enkosi encinci kaKrin. Ukuvutha kokugula kwentombazana ekhanyayo, eqhele italente kaMama ebusuku, yabuza i-ASTRR ukuba ixelele ibali malunga ne-peppices. Igama lentombazana lempawu alinziwe. I-Lindgren yenze umnqweno womntwana kwaye yaqulunqa ibali. Uthandile intombi yakhe kangangokuba umama wolula ukuqhubeka kwamanye amadanga.
Ngeli xesha, iingcinga zika-Astrid Lindgren zixakeke ziingxoxo ezishushu malunga nokukhuliswa kwesizukulwana esitsha. Inxalenye enye yoluntu ivunyelwe ukuba ihlonitshwe ngenjongo yomntwana kunye nenkululeko eyimfuneko yokusebenza, yesibini yemfundo yeklasi, iPuritan kunye nokuthintelwa kwenkululeko. I-Asthanad yayikwicala le "Inkululeko" ukusuka kwi-Pedagog, eyazisa uphawu lwe-PEPI yakhe.
Inoveli nganye elandelayo malunga nengqwabalalo ebomvu-yothando ebomvu-yenkululeko kwizitokhwe ezininzi ezifunekayo. Kwiminyaka emihlanu, amabali amafutshane "akhulile" ebalini. Xa iintombi zase-Ashrid Lindgren zajika ezili-10, uMama wamenza isipho kwisikhumbuzo: wabonisa umbhalo obhalwe phantsi kwamabali aliqela malunga nePeppi kwaye wajika waba yincwadi.
Umbhalo obhalwe ngesandla kunye ne-adventres ye-Red Sorvigov Lindgren ye-LindGren yeNdlu ye-BonniarOncernEn yeSwedesi ePhilayo yeSweden. Kodwa umshicileli wayengangxami ukuprinta incwadi eshiya isakhelo esiqhelekileyo. Ukucinga, i-boneroncene yabuya i-astript ye-astrid. Umbhali wawungento yanto, kodwa akazange azithobe izandla: Wabona ukuba injani na intombi yenziwa ngamabali malunga nePeppy, kwaye wayesazi ukuba yintoni eyakuqhubeka ukuba ubhale abantwana.
Ngo-1944, umbhali waseSweden weva malunga nokhuphiswano, ebanjelwe nje kwindlu yokupapasha "Rabn kunye neShirion". Phambi kokuba ababhali bacwangcise umsebenzi bhala incwadi yamantombazana. Abathathu abavakalisi abathathu abathembisayo bakuthembisileyo. I-Astharid Lindgren yazisa iNqaku leNkundla "iBritt-Marie iphosa umphefumlo" kwaye ibekwe okwesibini. Ke yaqala ngoko indalo yokuyila.
Elo nyaka uzayo, "Rabn kunye ne-sheerg" imeme i-Astharid ukuya emsebenzini. U-Lindgren ngovuyo uthathe isitulo somhleli woncwadi lwabantwana kwaye wasebenza kwesi sikhundla kwada kwango-1970, wamshiya ukuba afumane ixesha lokuthatha umhlala phantsi.
Kulowo wonwabile kumbhali ngo-1945, "rabn kunye ne-shepn" yapapasha incwadi yokuqala malunga ne-Peppi- "i-PEPPI yazinza kwinkukhu" yeVille. Ibali lalithandwa kakhulu yiSweedam eselula kangangokuba yatyhilwa yi-mig. Kungekudala isincoko saguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye sahlulwa lihlabathi ngezigidi zezitulo. Ngo-1946 nowe-1948, abaphulaphuli babantwana babekulindela ukuqhubeka kwebali.
Ngo-1946, uAstrid Lindgren wazisa abafundi abancinci ibali malunga ne-adventration ye-blumusvista ye-blumvista. Ngo-1951, abantwana bafunda inxalenye yesibini ye-carale ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 kamva, inxenye yokugqibela ye-Trilogy yapapashwa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-blumyssist kunye nerasmus. Emva kokuba uwenze into entle, uLindgren wacebisa enye indlela abalumkisa ngayo, esifikelelwe sisizukulwana esitsha.
Ebudeni beminyaka yee-1950s, uAstrid Lindgren wanika abafundi icandelo lokuqala le-mio, i-mio yam ye-mio. " Eli libali elihle nelusizi malunga nenkwenkwe eyahlala ngaphandle kobushushu babazali. Kwakukho abantwana abaziinkedama emva kwemfazwe, kunye nentliziyo yoomama-mathathu ye-Asthare ye-Asthare yayikhathazekile. Ngesincoko sakhe, wabanika abantwana abanjalo ithemba kunye nentuthuzelo, banceda ekuhlangabezana nobunzima kwaye bathembele ekwenzeni ingomso elonwabileyo ngomso.
Kunyaka emva koko, ngo-1955, incwadi yokuqala ye-trilogy yabonakala ngathi "ngomlinganiso we-Atchson's Attic's Tant ye-Atson kunye nosana olusizi, inkwenkwe evela kwizandla eziqhelekileyo, abazali abaxakekileyo abafikeleli izandla. Ukuthuthuzela kwaye kuthumele intwana imphunga iqabane elinencasa elimnandi le-speentile ngepropu ngasemva.
Incwadi yayinempumelelo yokwenyama, indiza ngokufika kwe-peppi. Ngo-1962, inxalenye yesibini ye-trilogy yapapashwa, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-6. Ukuguqulelwa kwebali elimangalisayo malunga noMntwana kunye neKarlSone yabafundi baseRussia wenza uLilianna Lungin. Inxalenye yokuqala ivele kwiminyaka emi-2 emva kokupapashwa eSweden, owesithathu - ngo-1974.
Ukusukela ngo-1963 ukuya ku-1986, uAstrid Lindgren oqanjwe kumjikelo weencwadi ezi-6 malunga netotshi encinci, i-EAFECRE YOKHUSELEKILEYO. I-Ledger eneminyaka emi-6 idla ngokuwela kwiinguqulelo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye idla ngokuxelela utata wezisombuso ezingalindelekanga kwifama nakwishishini.
Ezinye izigidi eziqaqambileyo nezithandekayo ze-oventreds lindgren - i-fantasy fairy tale "roni, intombi yomphangi" - yavela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980. Eli libali elihlelelekileyo nelinobubele bobulumko babantwana abafanele bafunde abantu abadala. URoni yintombi ka-Ataman uMataman Mattis, olwambathayo, ekhuphisana nomphangi, lowo ungunyana kaBharki uyakhula. Abantakwethu beentshaba ezifungelweyo bangena ngovelwano kwaye baba ngabahlobo. Kwaye xa abazali abalwayo bayabathanda ukuba babe ngabahlobo, babalekela kubo ehlathini.
Imisebenzi ye-Sweedi Fairy Tins yamaxesha yayiyingubo yangaphantsi kwaye ibeka kwinqanaba leqonga laseYurophu, iMelika neAsia. Okokuqala kwisikrini bekukho ibali malunga neBlumkivist: I-Premiere yomfanekiso yenzeka ngo-1947 kwiholide yeKrisimesi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ababukeli abancinci kumabonwakude babona ukhetho lwe-peppi.
KwiSoviet Union, ubuchule buka-Astrid Lindgren baziwa ngokubanzi kwaye bathanda. Ngo-1976, abantwana base-USSR babona kwizikrini "ukufika kwengqondo", ngo-1978 - umfanekiso we "Russis-Tragging", emva kweminyaka emi-6 "kunye" netotshi ". Iikhathuni malunga neCarlson baphuma ngo-1968 nango-1970.
I-Astrid Lindgren ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi ineentlobo zamabhaso. Ngo-1958 wanikwa i-Adns Hans Christian Anderen, elingana nebhaso le-Nobel kwincwadi yabantwana.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lokuqala luka-Astrid Lindgren luye lwaphela. Intanda yakhe-umhleli we-Vimmerby Axel Bloombe - wayetshatile. Intatheli eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala ikhulelwe kwindoda endala kangangeminyaka engama-30 xa waqhawula umtshato. Kwaye ukuba kwityala abalifundileyo ukuba iBloomberg yatshintsha iqabane loOlivia, i-akhawunti yakhe yebhanki yayiza kuba ingenanto. Ke ngoko, ukhulelwe i-asthanads eshiye isixeko.
EDenmark, bavumela ukuba bashiye igama lotata ongumoyilo emfihlekweni, ngoko ke ibhinqa eliselula lazala inkwenkwe yeLars eCopenhagen. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emi-5, kwaqhutywa i-lars yenziwa kwintsapho yabazali bakaStevenson.
KwiStockholm, i-Astrid yaqhelana neNiels inomdla wokuLingana. Emva komtshato ngo-1931, uLindgren wathabatha uNyana, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-3 wazala intombi kaKarin. I-Niels Abezamkelwe uLars kwaye wamnika ifani yakhe. Amaqabane ayehlala emtshatweni owonwabisayo onamandla kwiminyaka engama-21.
Ukufa
Ngo-1952, umyeni kabhali wasweleka. Ngo-1961, uMama akazange abe, kwaye emva kweminyaka esi-8 kwaye uYise. I-Tragic yajika yaba yeyokwe-ASTR 1974: Umzalwana kunye nabahlobo babuyo ushiyekile ngonaphakade. Kwaye intaba yokwenyani yawa emfazini ngo-1986, xa unyana wakhe waswelekayo.
U-Lindgren uhlala ebonakaliswa emthini wokhathalelo kwelinye ilizwe, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo nabazali bakaLuthere abakholelwa kubomi banaphakade, uAstrid wayexhasa i-agnostic. UAstrid Lindgren wasweleka ngoJanuwari ka-2002 kwinqanaba leminyaka-kwiminyaka engama-94.
Imemori
- Kunyaka wokufa kuka-Astrid Lindgren, urhulumente waseSweden wasungula i-Premiyamu yombhali odumileyo kwisigidi se-5 yezigidi, eso nyaka ngamnye owenza umbhali wabantwana ababalaseleyo. Ngo-2016, wanikezelwa kwi-meg ye-rosoff yaseBritani.
- Ngentwasahlobo yango-2015, iBhanki yaseSweden yakhupha uthotho olutsha lwezibhili ezingenazinzuzo ezingama-20, ezibonisa i-astrid lindgren.
- I-sweedes ikhusele indlu eStockholm, apho umbhali odumileyo wasweleka eneminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Izindlu zemyuziyam yayisebusika ngo-2015, xa iSweden ibhiyoze usuku lokuzalwa lwe-108 lika-Astharid Lindgren.
- Indlu yolondolozo lwendlu igcina isitya se-souvenir, engu-1997 iboniswe i-astrid boris yaltsin.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1945 - "I-PEPPIPI ihlala kwi-leva" yenkukhu "
- Ngo-1946 - "I-Peppie ihla"
- Ngo-1948 - "I-Peppie kwilizwe lokukhula"
- Ngo-1946 - "Uhlobo oludala oludumileyo lweBloomvist"
- Ngo-1951 - "umngcipheko odumileyo owomileyo weBrows"
- Ngo-1953 - Clele Blumyvist kunye noRasmus
- Ngo-1947 - "sonke sivela kwi-Bullerby"
- Ngo-1949 - "kwakhona malunga nabantwana abavela kwi-bully"
- Ngo-1955 - "Umntwana kunye neCarlson ohlala eluphahleni"
- Ngo-1962 - "ICarlson ehlala eluphahleni, ufike kwakhona"
- Ngo-1968 - "I-Carlson ehlala eluphahleni, iyakha kwakhona"
- Ngo-1963 - "Emil ukusuka eLeenneberg"
- Ngo-1966 - "umkhondo omtsha e-Emille ovela eLeenneberg"
- Ngo-1954 - "Mio, my wam"
- Ngo-1981 - "roni, intombi ye-roni"