I-Biograge
UMario Piezo ubizwa uYise kaYise Omkhulu. Umsuka waseMelika wase-Italiya wase-Italiya wabhala inoveli edumile ngoMafia, owabeka phansi ifilimu eyisisekelo ye-Coppola. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwale ncwadi, uMario Puezo wavuka edumile nocebile, nalapho umdwebo "ubaba omkhulu" uvele kwizikrini - inkazimulo yezwe yawa e-American Italiyana.Ubuntwana nentsha
UPuzo wazalelwa ekwindla ngo-1920 eNew York, eManhattan. Ingane nentsha yaseMario yadlula endaweni yezingane kakhulu phakathi kwemigwaqo engama-34 nengu-50, eyabizwa ngokuthi "uHellish Cuisine."
Eminyakeni engu-2000s, indawo lapho umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wenoveli mayelana nezigelekeqe avele futhi akhule - indawo ephephile nephephile, futhi ngonyaka we-1920 kanye ne-gangster disouts kwabhekwa njengezinto ezijwayelekile lapha. Amaqembu ama-mafia alawulwa ama-pubs, izindawo zokudlela nezitolo, kanye nabazali bakaMario Pujo - abokufika base-Italiya, abawa eMelika esiFundazweni ngaphansi kweNaples, kwadingeka banakekele inzalo eminingi.
Kepha uMario umncane kunabo bonke ezinganeni futhi okuwukuphela kwendodana evamile (uyise ethatha uMamo Mamio enezingane ezine ukusuka emshadweni owedlule) - ukwesaba akubanga. Umfana waphenduka ezolile futhi anokulinganisela endlini enomsindo, ekhombisa ukunganaki empilweni yomgwaqo. Uhlanganiswe nencwadi ekhoneni elithule, ecashe ezihlotsheni ezihlatshwe njalo, futhi wanyamalala.
Ubaba - udubule ngojantshi - wabona eNdodaneni yalowo ozongena esikhundleni, kepha uMario wazonda iziteshi zezitimela nezitimela, wesaba izitimela zesitimela nesixuku esikhala. Lapho indodana ineminyaka engu-12, uyise washiya umndeni. Umama, ebamba izingane ezinhlanu, wathuthela eBronx. UMario wabubula ngokukhululeka: ithemba lokuhamba ngesitimela sehla.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, uPuzo wanquma ukuba yizempi. Lapho iMpi Yezwe Yesibili icwila, i-Italian eneminyaka engu-19 yabhalwa empini, kepha ayifikanga ngaphambili - yaletha umbono. Le nsizwa yayihlelelwe ukusebenza eHozbok. Ngenhlangano njengengxenye ye-American Air Force, uMario wavakashela e-Asia, kwathi eJalimane.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, uPuzo wangena e-University of New York yaseNew York, wabe eseqhubeka nemfundo e-Prestigious Columbia University eManhattan. Njengoba sesithole imfundo ephakeme, uMario Puzo uthole umabhalane esikhungweni sikahulumeni, lapho asebenze khona iminyaka engama-20. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 wasebenzela intatheli esezingeni eliphezulu.
Into yokufunda
I-biography yokudala yombhali nombhali wesikrini ivela ngawo-1960s: isebenze emkhakheni wobuntatheli futhi yaba nentshisekelo eFissure. Izincwadi zokuqala zikaMario Puezo zishicilelwe eRussia ngeminyaka yama-1990s, ngemuva kokunqoba amafilimu mafia.
Inoveli yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi yi- "Arena Mraka", umlobi oneminyaka engu-35 ubudala washicilelwa ngo-1955. Indaba yothando lwesosha laseMelika nentombazane yaseJalimane isezindleleni eziningi ze-autobiographical - noMlingani wokuqala uMario Pujo wahlangana eJalimane. Ukukhishwa kombhali we-novice kwadlula kunganakwa.
Inoveli yesibili ebizwa ngokuthi "ikhasi elijabulisayo" uPuzo wanquma ukushicilela kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10. Futhi uhambo futhi esikhathini esedlule: Abokufika base-Italy baba amaqhawe encwadi, efuna indawo ngaphansi kwelanga eMelika, isikhathi sokudangala okukhulu. Inoveli yesibili yathola ikusasa lalowo wokuqala - udumo kumlobi aluzange lungeze.
UMario Puzo akazange alahle ithemba. Esikhathini esilandelayo - ngo-1966 - emashalofini ezitoko zezincwadi zibeke phansi inoveli "ehlobo Ukuphunyuka Davie Show" - okuwukuphela kokwakheka kwe-Novelist yentsha eyenzelwe izingane, anikezele ezinganeni ezinhlanu.
Ngo-1967, umlobi wanyathelisa umphenyi "amathuna ayisithupha asendleleni eya eMunich", ecashe ngaphansi kwe-psery ye-pseedonym yokudala. Endabeni yesosha laseMelika, elijaha abaphathi bakwaGestapo, abaphulukisa ngokuhlukunyezwa nasekufeni komkakhe, abafundi bahlala bengenandaba.
Ngenhlanhla, uMario Puezo ngemuva kokubhala izincwadi eziningi kangaka uFiasco azange zehlise izandla zakhe. Udumo lwafika kumlobi ngaphansi kwekhethini lawo-1960s. Inoveli ekhuluma ngomndeni wakwaMafia wabokufika abavela e-Italy kanye ne-noble gangster eyenziwe uKorleone waphenduka umsebenzi oyinhloko wePuzo.
Ngeminyaka yama-1970, incwadi ethi "Uyise Omkhulu" yaba ngumthengisi. I-Novelist ayizange icabangele impumelelo enkulu kangaka. Kamuva wavuma ukuthi akazange ahlangabezane ne-prototype prototype yomlingiswa oyinhloko: UPuzo wasungula uDon Vito, edweba imininingwane mayelana ne-gangster disaskher kanye nemithetho ye-mafia evela kwangaphandle.
Inoveli ekhuluma nge-mafia Clan yathengwa ngabafundi baseMelika yokubani, indlu yokunyathelisa yayingenaso isikhathi sokuphrinta ukujikeleza okusha. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uMqondisi oneminyaka engu-32 uFrancis Ford Coppola uthathe iRomani Puzo njengesisekelo se-movie yegama elifanayo, aguqula ama-Italian - amaMelika enganekwane.
Isikole samafilimu saya ezikrinini ngo-1972 futhi sathola ama-Oscars ayi-3 (umuntu othile waya eMario Puzo ngesimo ngasinye) kanye ne-5 "Globerses" (One - Puzo). Ngesabelomali esingu- $ 6 million, isithombe esitholwe isitudiyo sefilimu kanye nabadali bezigidi ezingama-268,5, baphendulela umqondisi, lesi simo kanye nenkanyezi siphonswe ngabantu abacebile kakhulu.
UMario Puzo wathuthela umndeni omkhulu waya emndenini obanzi ogwini lolwandle, eLong Island. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, uPuzo wanikezwa i-Oscar yesibili yokulandelana kwefilimu.
Inkazimulo engalindelekile yathola ukumangala kukaMario. Ukuhamba ngokuthandwa okuzwakalayo kwendatshana, okwakubonakala njengokuthandana okuphansi futhi okungenangqondo, wakhuluma nezintatheli ukuthi inoveli ephathelene ne-mafia akuyona indatshana enhle kakhulu evela kwabhaliwe. Ingxenye ebalulekile (i-10% yenani ekuthengisweni kwencwadi) uMario Puzo wanikeza umfowabo owayesekela umndeni phakathi nomsebenzi kule ncwadi.
Abekho abalandeli abaningi befilimu - abahamba phambili "i-Godbather" yaziwa ukuthi umbhali wenoveli wagcizelelwa ku-Marlon Brando. I-paramaunt ibuke indima kaLawrence Olivier, u-Anthony Quinna noCarlo Ponti. Engxabanweni evikelekile phakathi kwePuzo neCoppil, yenqabe uBrando, wawina umlobi owasabisa ngokususa amalungelo esimemezelo.
UMario Pujo uvele kusethi yephrojekthi, ephakanyisiwe futhi wanikeza izeluleko, wahlangabezana nokwakhiwa okunenkanyezi komdwebo - uMarlon Brandom, uJames Kanom, uJohn Casal. NgoBrandoyo, wayengabangani kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe.
Ngo-1978, umlobi wanyathelisa umfutho wedrama "iziwula efa" ngezwe lokugembula kanye nohlangothi olungabonakali lomkhakha wamafilimu. Isenzo senoveli senzeka eHollywood naseLas Vegas. UMario Pyuzo Lo mkhiqizo obizwa ngokuthi okungcono kakhulu.
Ngo-1984, umlobi wethule abalandeli be- "Sicilian" - inoveli ephathelene nenkululeko yabantu baseSland. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, kwakhululwa ifilimu, lapho umlingiswa ophambili - uSalvatore - wadlala uChristopher Lambert. Umqondisi womdwebo kwakunguMichael Chimino.
Ngo-1990 uMario Puzo "wavula" yi-Detective Drama "Okwesine Kennedy", okwaletha ukwehluleka kwezohwebo kuMlobi. Kwathi ngo-1996, abafundi bamukele umseshi "okokugcina uDon" ku-Mafiisos Clane kaSicilian Don DomeniCo Clenico Clericcio, owayezama ukuhlomisa izingane kanye nabazukulu, ngaphandle kwecala lokuhlukaniswa. Ngemuva konyaka, le noveli yavikelwa. UDanny Aiello wadlala umlingiswa ophambili ochungechungeni lwe-mini.
Izincwadi zeRomanov ezimbili zokugcina - "Omeva" kanye "nomndeni" - UMario Puzo akazange alinde. Emashalofini ezitolo zezincwadi, izincwadi zawa ngo-2000 naku-2001. "Omerta" - I-Roman-Finale Trilogy mayelana Mafia kusuka eSicily. Uletha umugqa ngaphansi kweziza ze- "Cross baba" kanye ne- "Sicilian".
Emndenini "wenoveli" umndeni ", uPuzo wasebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, kodwa wawungenaso isikhathi sokuqeda. Iphuzu lokugcina encwadini lalethwa ngunkosikazi kaCarol Gino. ERussia, indatshana yafika ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Okokuqala Don".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomfazi wokuqala, u-Erica, intombazane yaseJalimane eBlonde, uMario wahlangana eFrankfurt ngo-1945. U-Erica wayekuthanda u-Okgikarika Puzo wakhe omuhle futhi waya eMelika, eqiniseka ukuthi ngokuqinisekile umyeni wakhe uzokwenza umsebenzi wezempi. Ebona ukuthi uthando oluyinhloko lomuntu oshade naye luyisiphambeko, u-Erica wazizwa edumazeka. Kwaqiniswa ngemuva kokukhululwa kwamanoveli e-pigeon yokuqala ehlulekile.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwencwadi mayelana ne-Sicilian Gangsters, ngemuva kokukhululwa kwencwadi ekhuluma nge-Sicilian Gangsters, yabanjwa u-Erica ukumangala. Kungekudala ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-BestSeller, umkakhe kwatholakala ukuthi ungumdlavuza webele. Umlobi osolwa ngesifo somkakhe uqobo, ekholelwa ukuthi u-Eric waphuka futhi wazwa ukwethuka kusuka ekushintsheni okubukhali empilweni.
Maphakathi nawo-1970s, uMario waqasha umhlengikazi umkakhe. UCarol Gino wamkhathalela u-Erica iminyaka emibili futhi wenza abangane nezingane zasePuzo.
Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Erika ngo-1978, kwakukhona isalulo sale isandla sakhe eKarol nasenhliziyweni yakhe siphinde sanikela. UGino akazange abe nguwesifazane omuhle kuphela, wenza ubungane nezingane zomlobi, kodwa futhi nozakwethu. Tale Gino Carol "Amanothi we-nursery" abafundi abahlelelwe ngemfudumalo nabagxeki.
UMario Puzo wayehlala eCarol 20 iminyaka ejabule. Umndeni wamanga waba yindabuko yase-Italy: Umndeni wawuhlala emndenini wamadodana amabili namadodakazi aseMarkters Mario.
Ukushona
Imbangela yokufa kwePuzo yayihluleka inhliziyo. I-Novelosist yafa ngokuzumayo ngonyaka wama-78 ngoJulayi 1999.
Unkosikazi uthole uMario esihlalweni sakhe asithandayo endlini eLong Island, lapho asebenza khona ngenoveli yokugcina.
I-Bibliography
- 1955 - "Arena Mnuka"
- Ngo-1965 - "Happy Wander"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ihlobo Ukuphunyuka kweDavy Disse"
- Ngo-1967 - "Amathuna ayisithupha asendleleni eya eMunich"
- Ngo-1969 - "Ubaba Omkhulu"
- 1978 - "Iziwula ziyafa"
- 1984 - Sicilian
- 1991 - "Okwesine Kennedy"
- 1996 - "Ukugcina Don"
- 2000 - "Omerta"
- 2001 - "Umndeni"
Amafilimu (ukuhlolwa)
- 1972 - "UBABA OKHULU"
- 1974 - "Ubaba Wesiphambano 2"
- 1987 - Sicilian
- 1988 - "Ikhasi elijabulisayo"
- 1990 - "Ubaba Omkhulu 3"
- 1997 - "Ukugcina Don"