I-Biograge
UGayntz Guderian, uyi-Heinz ne-Heinz-Hurricane ephezulu - IsiJalimane General, ilungu lezimpi zezwe nezincwadi ezimbalwa. Naphezu kokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo ekusebenzeni kokulwa kweFascist Germany, uGuderian wakwazi ukugwema ukumangalelwa ngesikhathi senqubo yeNuremberg.
UTainz Wilhelm Guderian wazalwa ngoJuni 17, 1888 edolobhaneni elincane elipholile, eWestern Prussia. Namuhla, isifunda siyingxenye yePoland futhi sibizwa ngokuthi yi-HellNo. Izimpande ze-Guderian pedigree ziye ePrussia, izizukulwane eziningana zomndeni wakhe zazingabanini bomhlaba noma abameli. Amasosha okuqala emndenini wawungubaba wesikhathi esizayo, uFriedrich Guderian Getz.
Ngo-1890, umfowethu omncane, uFritz, nangemva kweminyaka kaBaba wahumusha ukuyokhonza eColmar. Lapho, inzuzo eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala yaya esikoleni, kodwa ngokushesha umndeni waphinde waphoqelelwa ukuba unyakaze. ESt. Apold, lapho iGainz Sr
Njengoba bobabili abafana bephupha ngomsebenzi wamasosha, kwathathwa isinqumo sokubanikeza izidumbu zeKarlsky zaseKarlsruhe, lapho kuhunyushelwa khona uGuderian ngonyaka ka-1903 edolobheni laseGross-Lifeterfeld, ekwakheni okufanayo, kodwa ngenxa yalokho, okuphothule ngaphakathi 1907.
Emva kwalokho, le nsizwa yaqondiswa nguFenich (ukhetho lwamaphoyisa) eLorraine, lapho kwakukhona khona lapho kubhekwa ngaphansi komyalo kaYise. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokutadisha esikoleni samasosha eMetz, iTalz yathola isihloko sikaLieutenant, lapho ahlala khona ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi yezwe yokuqala.
Umsebenzi wezempi
Empini yokuqala yezwe, uGuderian wakhonza emabuthweni okuxhumana, wanikezwa kaninginingi. Esikhathini esizayo ngo-1919 kuya ngo-1939, uHeinz washintsha izingosi eziningana zenkonzo waze wavakashela iSoviet Union - njengengxenye yokuhlolwa, wavakashela esikoleni sethangi likaKama ngaphansi kweKazan.
Rechsver uValil Guderian njengochwepheshe wezempi kanye ne-temor ecabangayo emkhakheni wamathangi ngesikhathi sempi. Le ndoda ifunde inkulumo ngokwakheka kwephoyisa futhi yafunda ngokucophelela izenzo zamasosha zamabutho amaNapoleonic, kanye namaqhinga aseJalimane phakathi nempi edlule. Nguyena owayengumsekeli oyinhloko wombono wokuthi amathangi kufanele asebenze njengeyunithi ehlukile yokulwa, hhayi ekwakhekeni kwezinsana.
Ngo-1937, owokuqala kuma-biegraphies aseHeinz, incwadi ethi "Ukunakwa, Amathangi! Umlando wokudalwa kwamasosha ethangi. " Inkonzo ngesikhathi sokuthula, amasosha aphela njengomkhuzi we-Xix Army Corps.
Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wasePoland, indoda yayala izidumbu ze-motor, yathola isiphambano sensimbi yesiqubulo se-1, kanye nesiphambano se-knight. IGainz yaba ngomunye wabahlanganyeli emhlanganweni wamabutho eJalimane ne-USSR edolobheni laseBrest-Nad-Bug - Lo mzuzu utholakala esithombeni sesikhathi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kweJalimane kuya eFrance Guterian kwathola idumela elingathandeki. Amasosha akhetha ukusebenzisa amaqhinga we-Blitzkrieg, futhi waletha imiphumela emihle, kepha uHeinz akazange akubheke njengokudingekile ukwazisa ngezenzo zomyalo webutho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu, noma ukususwa okwesikhashana okuvela emyalweni ovela ku-Evild von Claystat kuvinjelwe uGuderian ehlobo ukuthola isihloko sikaColonel-General futhi ume esahlukweni seqembu le-2nd tank group.
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kweSoviet Union, iTalz ikwazile ukubamba i-Smolensk ngoJulayi 1941, kepha ke uHitler washintsha amacebo wayala ukuthi uGuderian waya eKiev. Umyalo onamakhono onke uvumele ibutho leRech Reich ukukhombisa ukuhlaselwa kwebutho elibomvu, okugcina kuholele ekwakhekeni kwe- "Kiel Boiler", lapho wonke amasosha aseningizimu mantsoops ashaye khona.
Ngokulandelayo, konke bekungalungile kangako. UGuderian wayalelwa ukuba bazihambele eMoscow, kwathi ngoNovemba 1941, i-2nd Tank Group, ethatha ukhozi kanye ne-Mtsensk, wahlasela uTula noKashir, kepha abaphumelelanga ngemiphumela ephikelelayo. Ngena eMoscow, amabutho we-Wehrmacht awakwazanga. Umyalo waseJalimane wawukwazi kahle usayizi wedolobha futhi awubonanga ukuthi amabutho ngeke abe nokwanele imvelo yomuzi, noma enze umhlaseli wangaphambili.
Lapho uRkkk eqala ukubalwa okubangelayo, uGuderian wacela imvume yokukhumula amabutho akhe, kodwa wathola ukwenqaba, inselelo yokuthi lokho akuholelanga kunoma yini. Ukwehlula imiyalo yendlunkulu, iTalling yathatha ingxenye yamabutho, lapho ngoDisemba 26, 1941 wasuswa emyalweni futhi wahunyushelwa eqenjini leqembu.
Kodwa-ke, ngoFebhuwari 1943, ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwamabutho amaFascist eduze naseStalingrad, u-Adolf Hitler wabona ukuthi ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kukaHeinz, akakwazanga ukukwenza, futhi mathupha uGeinz ukuthatha isikhundla somhloli omkhulu wamasosha ahlomile amabutho ahlomile. Imithwalo yemfanelo yayo manje yayihlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kwe-Tank Army eshaywayo, kanye nokuphathwa kokwakheka nokukhiqizwa kwamathangi. Isikhundla esisha sanikeza i-Getz ithuba lokugwema izintambo ze-bureaucratic futhi uthinte uHitler ngqo.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe- "Mitadel" kwakuwukuhlaselwa okuyisiJalimane kokugcina kwaseMpumalanga bese kubeka inhloso yokubuyisela isinyathelo sebutho laseJalimane. Amabutho e-USSR ayaziwa ngezinhlelo zeJalimane, futhi bazibandakanye ekuvikeleni.
NgoMeyi 3, 1943, kwabanjwa umhlangano ukubheka uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sezingxoxo, ukumelana kukaGuderian kwathatha indawo yobuhlakani, futhi wabiza edamini le-duel marmal von kulia, ukungqubuzana okuqale lapho kusetshenzwe eHeinz ngo-1941. Kodwa-ke, ama-duels ekugcineni akwenzekanga, ngoba wenza sengathi uHitler uqobo.
"ICitadel" yaphuka izimiso ezi-2 zemisebenzi emi-3 ezibekwe yizempi encwadini ethi "Ukunakwa, Amathangi!". Ngokwezincomo zakhe, le ndawo kufanele ivuleke futhi ngaphandle kokuzivikela okuqinisiwe, futhi ngezenzo zezitha kufanele kube ukumangala ngokuphelele. Engxoxweni neFührer ngoMeyi 14, 1943, uGuderian wakhomba ngokungazethembi kohlelo, lapho i-Führer yayithambekele khona ukuze ivume. Ngenxa yalokho, "iCitadel" kuhlehlisiwe kuze kube nguJulayi, kepha ekugcineni kwaqedwa ukunqotshwa kwamasosha aseJalimane.
NgoJulayi 1944, kwenziwa umzamo weFuhrer. Emva kwalokho, i-Getz yathola isikhundla senduna yabasebenzi abajwayelekile bamabutho aphansi, kodwa ngoMashi 1945, jikelele baphinde bangena engxabanweni noHitler. Umphumela waba ukukhululwa kwe-heinz ehhovisi futhi wamthumela eholidini.
NgoMeyi 10, 1945, uGuderian Getz wathunjwa yi-US Army futhi walethwa eNuremberg. Kule nqubo, okujwayelekile kwadlula njengofakazi - naphezu kwesifiso se-USSR ukumnika amacala ekwenzeni iziboshwa zamasosha aseRkkka ngonyaka we-1941, ama-Allies awakwamukelanga ukunyakaza okunjalo.
Ngo-1946, i-Getz, njengesiboshwa sempi, saboshwa e-Allandorf, lapho akhululwa khona ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, uGuderian wayevame ukumenyelwa emihlanganweni yamaVeterans aseBrithani, lapho anaye abaphikisi bakhe bakude ehlaziya impi yokugcina. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1950, uHeinz waba ngumeluleki wezempi futhi wasiza ekwakheni iBundeswehr.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaZizu yalinganiswa futhi yazolile. Ebusheni bakhe, wahlangana noMargarita Gerne, indodakazi yomuntu omkhulu wenkonzo yezokwelapha, kwathi ngo-1913 wamthatha. Unkosikazi, uGuderian waphila naye impilo yakhe yonke, waba ngumngane othembekile noseduze, obonakala ezincwadini zomlingani wezempi. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezimbili: ngo-1914, kwazalwa indodana endala ngesibhamu, ngo-1918, iKurtt encane. UGunter Ginez wangena ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi wabamba iqhaza eMpini Yezwe II.
UGuderian waboshelwa kuyise wabheka njengesibonelo somuntu nesosha, futhi wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokufa kwakhe ngo-1914. Naphezu kokuntuleka kwezinsolo ngesikhathi senqubo yeNuremberg, izinkolelo ze-Heinz azibangeli ukungabaza - kumamemokhe akhe washo uHitler ngokunconywa futhi wagcizelela amakhono akhe amaningi.
Empilweni enokuthula kaHeinz wabhala izincwadi ezi-2 ohlontweni lwezempi Memorist - "Izinkumbulo zeSoldier" kanye "nenkumbulo kaGeneral General".
Endimeni yamabutho akhe ahlomile ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, kwasuswa amafilimu ama-2 amafilimu. "Duel of generals ojenene" kusuka kumjikelezo "ovaliwe wongobo yomlando" izinkulumo mayelana nokuxabana kwamasu wecebo uMikhail Katukov noGeinza Guderian ngesikhathi sempi yaseMoscow.
Ifilimu lesithathu elivela "emshinini wezempi kaHitler", "amabutho ahlomile", ukhuluma nge-banziwaff guderian yempi yezwe yesibili.
Ukushona
UGeinz Guderian ushone ngoMeyi 14, 1954. Imbangela yokufa yayiyisifo sesibindi, esenziwa umuntu ngo-1951.
Ithuna likaGuderian liseGoslar, eSulening Friedhof Goslar Cemetery.
-Zuzayo
- Ngo-1914 - I-Iron Cross 2nd Class
- Ngo-1915 - Order of Friedrich, Knight's Cross 2nd ibanga lesibili ngenkemba
- Ngo-1916 - I-Iron Cross 1st Class
- Ngo-1934 - Isiphambano sempi yezwe yokuqala 1914/1918 ngezinkemba
- Ngo-1935 - I-Order of Sexmen-Ernestinsky House, Commander Cross 2nd ibanga le-2nd ngezinkemba
- Ngo-1937 - Indondo Yezempi Ekhumbulekayo Ngezinkemba
- Ngo-1938 - Indondo "kwi-Mestry Mashi 13, 1938"
- Ngo-1938 - Medali "kwimemori OCTOBER 1, 1938"
- Ngo-1939 - Buckle to the Iron Cross 2nd Class
- Ngo-1939 - Buckle to the Iron Cross Class 1st
- Ngo-1939 - Ukuhleleka kwe-Saint Savva yeklasi le-1st
- Ngo-1939 - I-Knight's Cross Cross
- Ngo-1941 - Amaqabunga o-Oak esiphambanweni se-knight yesiphambano sensimbi