Biography
I-leopold von zar-masoch - Umbhali wase-Austrian, odume ngemisebenzi enemigangatho yeFrank. Icebo lemibhalo yombhali libotshelelwe kukungaphantsi kwamagorha amane amagorha, efumana uyolo lokubethwa kusetyenziswa inkohliso. Izicatshulwa zombhali emva koko zaba ngumxholo wezifundo zogqirha wengqondo kunye ne-neurologist Pichard Fing. Inzululwazi esekwe kwisifundo esifundwayo esazisa igama elitsha "iMasochism", esetyenziswa ngenkuthalo kwingqondo. Ukuqunjelwa kukholelwa ukuba umbhali wayexelwe kwangaphambili ukuba kuthelekiswa nangokomzimba okuchazwe ngabo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa nge-18 kaJanuwari, ngo-1836 kwisixeko saseLeadgemberg (okwangoku i-LVIV, iUkraine). Ngobuzwe, i-Austrian, iingcambu zeSfardian zifunyanwa kwi-pedigree. Abazali bakhe babehlala kwinkolo yamaKatolika. Utata uLeopold voon zari azibambe isikhundla senkosi yamapolisa. Umama owasungula kuhlobo lweMasochov, wazala unyana iminyaka emi-8 emva komtshato.
Umntwana wayebuhlungu, abazali boyika kakhulu ukuba u-Adam wayenokuphulukana. Ukulungisa imeko, inkwenkwe yanikwa i-throlace, ehlala kwidolophu encinci kufutshane neLellglegi. I-leopold ayingalungisi kuphela impilo, kodwa iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ibe ngamabali alo mlinganiso wesiUkraine. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, umbhali wasinda amabali avisayo kwimibhalo yenoveli yawo.
Ngeminyaka eli-9 kamva, isiganeko esiqaqambileyo senzekile kubomi benkwenkwe, eyokutsho kwesityalo soncwadi, siphembelele kwi-biography kunye neenkcukacha zobuchule be-Chere masoch. Le sele ingumbhali wabantu abadala kwincwadi ethi "Iinkumbulo zobuntwana kunye nokubonisa kwinoveli." Ngelo xesha endlwini yabazali bexesha elizayo umbhali weenoveli ezihlambeneyo, umkhawunti we-Xenobia, oza kwisalamane saseLeopold. Lo mfazi wahlulwa bubuhle obunzima kwaye wayedume ngokukhohlakeleyo.
Ingakumbi inkwenkwe ithandwa kakhulu kukuncancisa inkanuko ye-sus osoloko inxiba. Ngesinye isihlandlo, uLeolop abancinci uLeolopold wadlala esifihlakeleyo noodadewakhe kwaye wafihla kwigumbi lokulala. Kungekudala, abakho babuyela egumbini kunye nesithandwa sakhe. Amaxesha ambalwa ekuphumleni avele umyeni ovuthayo enamachwephesha amabini. Ibhinqa elinomsindo laphoswa ngamanqindi lawo kwiqabane, linyanzela ukususwa kwendwendwe elingafunekiyo.
Ukuyibona le nto, isithandwa sabuya saphinda sabuya, kwaye amalapodi am wanika ubukho bakhe. Umntu ubamba umtshana ngenxa yeenwele, waqhubeka nokususa umsindo emfana. Umbhali uqatshelwe kule ncwadi ethi iinyembezi zazilungele ukutshiza emehlweni, kwaye kwangaxeshanye phantsi kovuthuza waziva "uhlobo lovuyo." Kodwa kule micimbi, wambetha, akaphelanga. Umyeni wabuyela kwigumbi leKsenobia, eguqa ngokufuna ukuxolelwa. Umntu obala watyhalela iqabane lakhe ngedolo lakhe.
Ngokutsho kweenkumbulo zikaZakri-Mazoha, lo mzuzu uphambi kwakhe watyhileka "ukusondelelana kwenkohliso kunye nenkanuko, inyama yendalo yomgangatho." Indawo ebonwe kwigumbi lokulala iphembelelekile kungekuphela nje ngokhetho olukhethekileyo lwe-leopold esondeleyo yobomi, kodwa nakubudlelwane bendoda kumanenekazi. Umbhali wayekholelwa ukuba umntu obhinqileyo kufuneka abe ngaxeshanye ukuthanda uthando nentiyo.
ULeolopold wajika 12 xa abazali behamba kunye nonyana wakhe ukuba bahambe nePrague. Kwikomkhulu leRiphabhliki yaseCzech, umntwana okwishumi elivisayo waqeqeshwa ulwimi lwaseJamani, apho wabhala imisebenzi kwixa elizayo. Sele ke, wayenomdla kwiWebhu, ebonisa imifanekiso yokubulawa, kunye nohlobo loncwadi oluphakathiyo lwabubomi befestile.
Emva kwesikolo, iZaero Masoch ifundwe kwiidyunivesithi zasePrague naseGraz. Kwiindonga zala maziko, lo mfana ufunde indalo, iMathematics kunye nolunye uqeqesho. Kwiminyaka eli-19, umbhali wafumana isidanga sobugqirha, kwaye emva kokucelwa ukuba basebenze kwisithuba se-Greyit-Meker kwiDyunivesithi yaseGraz.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Austrian yayiyithanda indalo, yayihlala iqalisa iinoveli. Enye yeendlela zokuzonwabisa eziqaqambileyo kubomi bombhali yayingumhlolokazi we-fanny von pistor. Ulwalamano phakathi kwe-leopold kunye nenekazi lalilawulwa ngemvumelwano eyenziwe ngaphambi kokuqala. Olu xwebhu lwalumiselwe yimisebenzi yeqela ngalinye.
Ke, umbhali wayethembile ukuba azalisekise i-whimps kunye nemiyalelo yomfazi, iFanny akufuneki ukuba iphazamise umsebenzi weNkosi. Ukongeza, inenekazi lifanele ukuba linxibe iinkomo, ngakumbi ngamaxesha omsindo, ejolise eLeolopold. Ubudlelwane, ngokutsho koxwebhu, kuthathe iinyanga ezintandathu.
Emva kwexesha, uLeolopold wangena kwimbalelwano efrank ngemvelaphi ye-avruorrin. Iileta zamanenekazi zinikwa ukuze ziqonde ukuba unamathela efana nombhali wezimvo ngobomi obusenyongweni. Emva kwexesha elithile, uAurora waba ngumfazi wombhali. Iqabane likaZaksher-Mazoha lizame namandla akhe ngentsimi yoncwadi, esayina indalo nge-puuduundus von von dando dando dando
UAurora wazala umyeni wakhe oonyana abathathu, owokuqala apho wafa khona unyaka. Umtshato wajika waphila. Umfazi wombhali wayezingca, enomdla wokufumana imali, ukuzonwabisa okuzithanda.
Kungekudala ngenxa yokuba inkcitho yakhe ikwintsapho yentlupheko. U-Leopold wanyanzelwa ukuba ahlukane nentsomi, waqalisa ukubhala amabali e-Boulevard. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yomyeni wakhe, i-Aurora yamshiya. I-Zaksher-Masoch yahlala ngaphandle kwempilo. Irhuluneli yabantwana yaba yindoda enomntu owatshatayo waza wathuthuzeleka kunye nemvisiswano kubomi bosapho.
Iincwadi
Isincoko sombhali saba yimbali "yembali enye ye-Gatician. Unyaka we-1846, "wapapashwa ngo-1858. Ukusuka kweli nqaku, uLeolopold uqalisa ukuvelisa minyaka le, ukudala imisebenzi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. I-bibliography yombhali ibandakanya iinoveli zembali, i-Fechens, iidrama. Ukuthandwa kombhali kwenziwa izinto zokubhalwa kwendlela yokugcoba. Uninzi lwazo lulandela izibakala kwimbali yaseZaher massoha.
Phakathi kwe-Frank "inoveli" kwi-genus "ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo. Owona mlinganiswa uphambili wephupha elinelungelo lenenekazi elihle, elinokumenza ukuba azive ikhoboka lakhe, liya kunceda ukuthoba phambi kwakhe.
Emva kokuya kwindawo yokubuyela kwi-carpathia, umlinganiswa udibana ne-wianded window von dunaev. Inenekazi kwiimfundiso zentanda-bulumko yendanda yokuzukisa imvakalelo, kwaye ikwakhanyele icalucation ezinxulumene nomtshato wobuKristu wesiko.
I-Osseliev, Severin inika umntu oqhelene naye ukuba ulilungu lezinto zakhe ezifihlakeleyo. Ekuqaleni, uWanda uyala ukunikezela, kodwa kamva, ekwenzeni indima kaNksk, akusekho ngolu hlobo. Incwadi yayithandwa, kwaye kwinkulungwane ye-XX yagqitywa rhoqo. Izifundo zobuchule bombhali ziguqula ngoluvo lokuba i-prototype yomhlolokazi von Donaev yaba yiFanny Von pistor.
Ukufa
Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu aqhubeke kwilali yaseLindweri. Apho, uLeopold wasweleka ngoMatshi 1895. Unobangela wokufa ungaziwa.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1858 - "Imbali enye yaseGalician. Unyaka we-1846 "
- Ngo-1867 - "uKumkani wokugqibela waMagyar"
- Ngo-1870 - "iVenus ngoboya"
- I-1870 - "Umfazi oqhawule umtshato"
- Ngo-1872 - "UDon Juan waseKolomia"
- 1874 - "mesinki"
- Ngo-1876 - "Amabali Alikisi"
- Ngo-1876 - "Iinjongo zexesha lethu"
- Ngo-1878 - "Amabali angamaJuda"
- 1882 - "Gaidamak"
- 1882 - "IParadesi kwiDniester"
- Ngo-1882 - "Amabali amaNtsha angamaYuda"