Biography
Ivan Ivanovich Peskaya, umcebisi ofanelekileyo ofanelekileyo kwi-exatere i-Exaterna II, wayengunyana wangaphandle we-ivan yuren yurevich trubetsky. Inkwenkwe yazalwa ngoFebruwari 3, 1704 kwikomkhulu laseSweden ngelo xesha xa utata wayethanjisiwe emva kokusilela kwephulo lasemkhosini nxamnye neeSwedes. Umama wase-Pesksky watyholwa waba yingozini yebandla, kodwa eminye imithombo yolwazi ibonisa igama elahlukileyo - isiphatho esithile. Kwixa elizayo, igama likaIvan Ivanovich liya kudityaniswa notata wakhe kuphela, malunga nomama kungayi kubakho mithombo yolwazi kamva.
Lo mfana wafumana imfundo entle phantsi kweliso likatata wakhe. Kwaye ekuseni bathunyelwa kwimeko ye-Danish Cadet, ephelileyo ngamanqaku aphezulu. I-Morauma, ifunyenwe kwinkonzo kwi-Cavary, yabeka umnqamlezo emkhosini wakhe wasemkhosini.
Emva kokumka kwePrince Grubetkoy ukuya kwilizwe lakhe ngo-1718, uBeka oselula wayesafundiswa eYurophu, emva koko wahamba kakhulu, efumana amava amaninzi. Kukho ulwazi awalufunda nesayensi kunye nemisebenzi yabantwana abahlaziyi baseFransi ngqo kwikomkhulu laseFrance, kunye ne-leipzig. Indoda ethembisayo, igqibelele inkosana kaBesily Dolgorukiby kwaye yayithatha kwisikhundla soNobhala wakho ukuze uhlale eParis njengommeli waseRussis.
Iminyaka yokuqala yenkonzo eRussia
Kwiminyaka engama-22, ivan Ivanovich iguqulelwe eRussia kwisimemo sikayise, owamnika indawo yobhala-umguquleli. Uxanduva olutsha lweBtsky lubandakanya imbalelwano namagosa orhulumente angaphandle. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ndibulela ngoncedo lwePrince Trubutsky, uIvan wenza umsebenzi olungileyo kwiKholeji yasemkhosini, emva koko kwiBhodi yeMicimbi yezangaphandle.
Ngokutsho kweMiyalelo yeLizwe, i-ceskaya ihamba kaninzi phesheya. Ngexesha lohambo, utyelela iJamani, eOstriya, apho aqhelene nonina we-chress yaseRussia. Baye bathetha ixesha elide kakhulu, kwaye uJohann Elizabeth wadlula emva kwexesha, isizathu sokuba abefundisi bakhe babekholelwa ukuba uIvan Ivanovich wayengutata wokwenene kaCatherine II.
Ngeli xesha, i-Feskaya iyaguquka ne-Antiyokwe ye-Antiochk Kanterir, iDiplomat enkulu yaseRussia, phantsi kobunkokeli obuphathelele kubunkokeli behlabathi kwi-Ivan Ivanovich ubukhulu becala. Emva kwexesha, i-FESKAyaya iya kungena kwiqela lenkxaso kulawulo luka-Anna kwaye liza kusayina, kunye ne-Kanteir kunye ne-yaguzhinsky, uxwebhu apho abaxhasi bayamcela ukuba eze etroneni. Ngo-1733, iBezzka iya kufumana isihloko seNkampani enkulu, kwaye emva koko uxokile.
Ndiyabulela kukhuseleko lukaYise, kunye nentombi ka-Trubetsky, owayetshatele ePrince Ludwig Heesse-Getmburg, waba nzima kuluntu kwiKumkanikazi uElizabeth II. Kwinqanaba le-Ivan Jikelele ivanovich kwakhona iqhubeka nohambo oluya eYurophu kwaye ibuyela eRussia nge-1740.
UCatherine II kunye noPeter III
Ukususela ngo-1742 ukuya kwi-1747, uIvan Ivanovich wasebenza njengegumbi phantsi kwegumbi eliphantsi kweDeter Ulrich, oya kuthi kamva abe nguMlawuli uPeter III, umyeni wakhe uCarine II. Kufundiswe umoya wenkululeko, ufunda nge-Pesska, akazange ayithande incasa ye-chatllor. I-TestUzhevo-Rmimin kwaye yasuswa kwiyadi yase-Imperial. U-Ivan Ivanovich ufumene ukurhoxa kwaye kwakhona waqhubeka nohambo oluya eYurophu.
Kumazwe anjengeHolland, eJamani, eFrance nase-Itali, otyeleleyo, edibana neengqondo ze-MRS Joffrene, embindini woncwadi lweParis. Abahlobo baba yigremm, voltaire, uHoro, uRousseau. I-Ivan Ivanovich kangangeminyaka eli-15 ithathe iingcinga eziphambili zexesha, emva koko langena eRussia.
1762 Wabamba ibhungane kwikomkhulu le-Austria. Ukufika ePetersburg, wakhupha kwangoko ukulandelelana kuka-Alexander Nevsky. Yamiselwa ukuba kwi-coup ehlelwe nguCatherine II, ivan ivanovich ayithathi inxaxhebanga. Ngaphandle kovelwano, uPeter III, i-MPRORIRs ishiya iBeet Beetsky enkundleni kwaye imenza umphathi weyunithi entsha, eva izakhiwo zokumkanikazi. Ukusukela ngeli xesha, inqanaba elitsha liqala kwi-biography yenani elinetalente.
Academy yezoBugcisa
Into yokuqala, iphathiswe i-Beetame Caname Catherine II, yayingumbutho we-Academy yobugcisa, eguqulwe saba liziko elizimeleyo ngo-1762. U-Bezzak umsebenzi wakhe waqhubeka nayo yonke inzondelelo: Uphumelela i-varindievsky Island, ithatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lweTshatha yeBhunga lePROSORS.
Ixesha lokufunda kwi-Academy ibineminyaka emithandathu, emva koko iimviwo, abafundi ababalaseleyo baya kwi-Europer. U-Ivan Ivanovich ngokwakhe wabingelela kakhulu kwingqondo yakhe kwaye walawula abafundi abanesiphiwo babafundi abanesiphiwo. Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Ofisi kaMongameli, wayishiya i-Academy yonke ilayibrari yakhe eqokelelweyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwemizobo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo.
Imfundo yohlengahlengiso
Ngokuhambelana neBhodi kwi-Ah Betskaya yaba ngowona mveli uphambili kwi-Russia. Ubeka ngokungagungqiyo iingcinga zakhe kunye neengcamango ezihlanganisiweyo kwi-PREEST "UKUSETYENZISWA KOKUFUNYANWA KWEEMFUNO ZEMFUNDO."
Injongo yemfundo kumaziko akhethekileyo asekubeka ukudalwa kwabantu abatsha, iklasi yesithathu ekhethekileyo, esebenzisa iintsapho zakhe kunye nabantwana babo baya kwenzeke kwihlabathi lobuntu kunye nokusesikweni. Unokukhumbula enye yeekowuteshini ze-beetsky, ukuqaqambisa lo mbuzo:
"Kwelinye ilizwe, i-chin yesithathu yabantu, asekwe kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, eqhubeka kwi-genus kwi-genus: kodwa njengalapha (eRussia) le chin ayikabikho, inokwenzeka, ....
I-Bezzak yayikholelwa ukuba abantu abanjalo baya kuba nakho ukumisela ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo kunye neeSecus, ezinokuthi zichaphazele imeko yoluntu xa iyonke.
Kwacingelwa ukuba abafundi baya kurhoxiswa ngemvume yabazali abavela kwi-5 yeminyaka ubudala, emva koko, emva koqeqesho kwindlu yokubhoda kwaye baphinde bafumane isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-18, baya kubuyiselwa. Kwangaxeshanye, ivan Ivanovich ikhuthaza indlela yenkululeko yemfundo: Ukwala isohlwayo sendawo, inkqubo yokukhuthaza imidlalo, imidlalo ngokukhululekileyo, funda ngokukhululekileyo.
I-Bezzka "yayikholelwa ukuba imfuneko yokulandela emanyathelweni endalo, ingakoyisi kwaye ingayi kumphazamisa, kodwa inegalelo kuye." Ngokutsho kolu hlobo, indlu yokuqala yeMoscow yenziwa ngo-1763, apho bathathwa ngabantwana abashiyiweyo. Okwesibini ndlu ivele kwikomkhulu ngo-1772. Kodwa izimvo zeBeetSky zaphuka kubunyani bendawo yaseRussia yelo xesha: iziko lalingenabasebenzi abafanelekileyo kunye nezemali.
Amaziko emfundo
Elinyathelo le-beetsk, igumbi lokuqala lendwendwe lenzelwe abafazi. Bacwangciswa kwi-1764 i-Smolny yeyona ndodakazi ibalaseleyo. Imigaqo yemfundo yayifana nendlu yemfundo eyayilungiselelwe ngaphambili.
Kunyaka kamva, iBezzka ithatha inxaxheba kwi-carp ye-Cadet Porps yoMkhosi womhlaba wamakhwenkwe amvelaphi. Abaphumelele kwizikhonkwane ze-shuttle banelungelo lokungena emkhosini njengamagosa.
Emva kweminyaka esixhenxe, ngoncedo lokubonisa iDemidov, kwalungelelaniswa isikolo, yayikukufundisa abantwana bezinto ezininzi eziluncedo: i-accografi, imbali, iMbali, umthetho.
Ubomi Buqu
U-Ivan Ivanovich akazange atshatele, kodwa usapho lwakhe aluqwalasele abafundi bakhe. Intandokazi yokuqala yayinguAnastasia Tokolov, owayexengqele kamva waba ngumfazi wenkosikazi ye-Asibhas. Uphumelele inani elikhulu lemali, kunye nezakhiwo ezibini kwi-St. Petersburg.
Ebudeni, kuye kwakho iinguqu kubomi bobuqu bomhlaba. I-Peskaya yathatha enye yabafundi be-smolny ye-alimov. Emva kokuphela kwakhe kwendlu, uIvan Ivanovich walungisa intombazana endlwini yakhe wandicebisa ukuba ubugonyamelo, kodwa ubuhle obuselula azange bavume kwisikhundla esinjalo kwaye kungekudala batshata ne-MOET A. RZHVSKY. Emva kokushiya uqhankqala, u-Ivan Ivanovich wehlaselwa yintliziyo. Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi, urhoxile, wayehlala eyedwa.
Iminyaka edlulileyo
Ukususela ngo-1773, ngokunxulumene nemozulu enemvukelo eyayijijile eMbuso yaseRussia, uCatherine II wahlaziya isimo sayo malunga nezimvo zemfundo, ezazisa iBezkoy. Warhoxa. Kodwa, ekubeni yonke imali egciniweyo, ivan Ivanovich ichithe ixesha lokufundisa kunye namaziko emfundo, wayengalindelanga ngaphandle kwempilo.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva, ngokobungqina babahlobo, i-BEZKA ye-BEZYA yahlutha, emva koko kwakukhubazeka. Nokuba ukungaboni kongezwa kuzo zonke izifo. Kwiminyaka eli-12 emva kwentliziyo ye-themorshage kwingqondo ngosuku lokugqibela lwehlobo le-1795, ngenxa yobudala obunzulu, uIvan Ivanovich wasweleka ekhaya. Wangcwatyelwa ngurhulumente kwiCawe yeCaxandender Nevsky Lavra.
Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ngo-2017, uthotho lweTV "Catherine" luza kwijelo "Russia 1". Suka uhambe". Le filimu yeTV ye-TV ye-TV isetyenziselwa ixesha elide yomfanekiso we "Catherine", owakhutshwa ngo-2014 kwaye waphumelela uvelwano lwababukeli kunye nabagxeki. Waphawulwa ngamabhaso amabini asekhaya "Teffi" kunye "neGolide yeGolden".
Ngexesha elitsha, elichaza iminyaka yeBhodi yeCartine, amaqhawe amatsha kunye namagcisa avela: ngubani odlale i-vtrayimu, edlale i-grigolch, kunye nePavel Tabakov, abaphulaphuli bayayibona i-Igor ye-Learntiry Scraar.
Ukucaphula i-Ivan Beetsky
- "Ingcambu yazo zonke izinto ezimbi nezikhulisayo."
- "Ingqondo ihonjiswe okanye ikhanyiselwe yisayensi ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye ayisebenzi ngqo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi akukho nto inokulimaza ukuba umntu osemgangathweni weminyaka yakhe uphakanyisiwe."
- "Ukuvuma iintliziyo zabafana ngendlela yokudumisa ityekelo, ukonwabisa ukuzingela ngenxa yokusebenza nzima kubo, kunye nokoyika ukungasebenzi kakuhle; Fundisa indlela abaziphatha ngayo, ngenkani, unkuthazo, uvelwano malunga namahlwempu, ongonwabanga; Bafundise esakhiwo sendlu ..., ukuba bazingcambule kubo ngengcambu ... utyekelo lokuthoba nokucoceka. "
- "Indoda evakalelwa njengendoda ... andifanele ndivumele nabani na ukuba enze njengezilwanyana."
- "Akukho zimikhwanzo zenguthiya kunye neendlini, kodwa zikhuthaze Imizekelo Yabo"