Ubuzima
Ivan Ivanovich Petskaya, umujyanama w'ibanga yemewe ku bwambare Ekatesina Ii, yari umuhungu udashyingiranwa wa Ivan Yurevich Trubesiyo Trubesky. Icyo gihe umuhungu yavutse ku ya 3 Gashyantare 1704 mu murwa mukuru wa Suwede igihe se yafatwaga nyuma yo kwiyamamaza kwa Gisirikare mu Gisirikare cya Clewede. Nyina wa Petsky ngo yabaye ibitero byangiza, ariko andi masoko yerekana izina ritandukanye - ndwaye. Mu bihe biri imbere, izina rya Ivan Ivanovich rizaba rifitanye isano na se gusa, ibyerekeye nyina, ntaho bizaba inkomoko yamakuru.
Umusore yabonye uburezi bwiza bwa Suwede ku butegetsi bwa se. Kandi mubyangavu byoherejwe murubanza rwa Cadet ya Danemark, rwarangiye amanota menshi. Ihahamuka, wabonye kuri serivisi mu mafarasi, shyira umusaraba ku mwuga we wa gisirikare.
Nyuma yo kugenda kw'igikomangoma Trubetkoy mu gihugu cye mu 1718, abakiri bato Beatka bari bize mu Burayi, hanyuma bakagenda cyane, gushaka uburambe. Hariho amakuru yize siyanse nibikorwa byabavanyo b'Ubufaransa mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa, ndetse no muri Leipzig. Umusore utanga ikizere, afite indimi nyinshi z'amahanga, yabonye igikomangoma cya Dolgoruky Vlgoruky maze ayijyana ku munyamabanga bwite wo kuba i Paris nka Ambasaderi w'Uburusiya.
Imyaka yambere yumurimo muburusiya
Ku myaka 22, Ivan Ivanovich yahinduwe mu Burusiya ku butumire bwa se, amuha umwanya w'umunyamabanga. Inshingano nshya za Betsky harimo no kwandikirana n'abayobozi ba Leta y'abanyamahanga. Buhoro buhoro, tubikesha ubufasha bw'Igikomangoma Trubetsky, Ivan yakoze umwuga mwiza muri kaminuza ya gisirikare, hanyuma mu Nama y'Ububanyi n'amahanga.
Nk'uko amategeko ya Leta abiteganya, Fetskaya yimura inshuro nyinshi mu mahanga. Muri izo ngendo, asuye Ubudage, Otirishiya, aho amenyerana na nyina w'ejo hazaza h'Ubusoteza bw'Uburusiya. Baganiriye ku gihe kirekire cyane, kandi ubutoni bwa Johann Elizabeti vuba aha yashize umukobwa we, impamvu abahanga mu by'amateka bizeraga ko Ivan Ivanovich yari se nyawe wa Catherine II.
Muri iki gihe, Fetskaya ahuza na Antiyokiya Kantemir, umudipolomate ukomeye w'Uburusiya, ubuyobozi bwe bw'Uburusiya Ivieview ya Ivan Ivanovich ahanini ahanini byari. Nyuma, Fetskaya azinjira mu itsinda ry'inkunga ku ngoma ya Anna John kandi azasinyana, hamwe na Kantimair na Yaguzhinsky, inyandiko abatera inkunga bamusaba kuza ku ntebe. Mu 1733, Bezzka azahabwa umutwe wa Majoro, hanyuma Liyetona Koloneli.
Kubera uburinzi bwa se, ndetse n'umukobwa wa Trubetsky, washakanye n'umutware Ludwig Hesse-Gomburg, yabaye mubi muri societe y'umwamikazi Elizabeth wa II. Mu rwego rwa Jenerali Adutantant Ivan Ivanovich yongeye kujya mu rugendo i Burayi agaruka mu Burusiya mu 1740.
Catherine II na Peter III
Kuva 1742 kugeza 1747, Ivan Ivanovich yabaye hafi y'ikigo cya Peter Ulrich, uzahita ahinduka Umwami w'abami, umugabo we Catherine II. Yize mu mwuka w'ubuntu, soma na Petska, ntabwo yakunze uburyohe bwa Chancellor A.p. Syeruzhevo-Rumin kandi yakuwe mu gikari cy imperial. Ivan Ivanovich yakwemereye kandi yongera kujya mu rugendo i Burayi.
Mu bihugu nk'ubuholandi, Ubufaransa n'Ubutaliyani n'Ubutaliyani, abaturage basuye ibigo by'uburezi, bahura n'ubwenge bukomeye mu gihe, basura salon ya Madamu Joffre, hagati y'ibisigo n'ubuvanganzo bwa Paris. Inshuti ziba Grimm, Voltaire, Didro, Rousseau. Ivan Ivanovich imyaka 15 yakuyeho ibitekerezo byatejeje igihe, byaje guhura nacyo mu Burusiya.
1762 yafashe inyenzi mu murwa mukuru wa Otirishiya. Ageze i Petersburg, yahise ahabwa itegeko rya Alexander Nevsky. Hashyizweho ko mu butegetsi bwateguwe na Catherine II, Ivan Ivanovich ntabwo yitabira. Nubwo yimpuhwe, Petero wa III, asize berateky mu rukiko kandi akamugira umuyobozi w'igice gishya, yumvise inyubako na parike z'umwamikazi. Kuva iki gihe, icyiciro gishya gitangira mumiterere yumubare ufite impano.
Academy yubuhanzi
Ikintu cya mbere, cyashinzwe na Catherine Catherine II, nishyira shyirahamwe ryamasomo yubuhanzi, ryahinduwe mu kigo cyigenga muri 1762. Bezzka inshingano ye afata na ishyaka bose: yari agere inyubako zitandukanye kuko Academy ku Vasilyevsky Island, uruhare mu iterambere gikubiyemo w'ikigo kwigisha, ububasha nyamukuru ikaba ashyirwaho n'Inama Njyanama abaporofeseri.
Igihe cyo kwiga ku ishuri ryari imyaka itandatu, nyuma, nk'uko ibizamini bivuga ko abanyeshuri beza bagiye kwimenyereza umwuga. Ivan Ivanovich na we atambiye byinshi mu bwonko bwe kandi yigarurira abanyeshuri bafite impano cyane. Nyuma yo guhabwa impaka kuri perezida we, yavuye mu ishuri isomero rye ryakusanyije imyaka irenga 30, ndetse no gukusanya amashusho n'ibishusho.
Uburezi bwo kuvugurura
Mugereranije ninama yinama i Ah Betskaya yabaye umushinga munini wubuyobozi bwuburezi mu Burusiya. Yakomeje agaragaza ibitekerezo bye na Pedagogi mu gitabo "Ikigo rusange ku burezi bw'inzoka."
Intego y'uburezi mu bigo byihariye ashyiraho ibyabaye mu bwoko bushya bw'abantu, itsinda ryihariye rya gatatu, rinyuze mu miryango ye ndetse n'abana babo rizaterwa mu isi igitekerezo cy'ubujurire n'ubutabera. Urashobora kwibuka imwe mu magambo ya beedky, imurikira iki kibazo:
"Mu bihugu bya gatatu, umunwa wa gatatu w'abaturage, ukomeza mu binyejana byinshi, ukomeza kuva mu rubanda mu bwoko: ariko hano (mu Burusiya), ni ubumuga, ni ...".
Bezzka yizeraga ko abantu nkabo bazashobora kumenya umubano mwiza na serf, bikagira ingaruka muburyo bwumuryango muri rusange.
Byeze ko abigishwa bazakurwa ku cyemezo cy'ababyeyi n'imiryango ifite imyaka 5, hanyuma, nyuma yo kwitoza mu nzu icumbika no kugera ku isabukuru yimyaka 18, bazasubizwa. Muri icyo gihe, Ivan Ivanovich yateje imbere uburyo bwo kwishyira ucumbagira: kwanga igihano cya kamere: kwanga igihano cya kavugo, gahunda y'abaterankunga, imikino yo guteza imbere mu bwisanzure, yiga mu binezeza.
Bezzka "yizeraga ko ari ngombwa gukurikiza inzira ya kamere, ntimutsinde kandi ntimurenze kuwumuke." Dukurikije ubu bwoko, inzu ya mbere y'uburezi ya Moscou yaremewe mu 1763, aho abana bataye. Inzu ya kabiri nk'iyi yagaragaye mu murwa mukuru muri 1772. Ariko ibitekerezo bya beetsky byakoze impanuka mubyukuri byumuryango wu Burusiya wicyo gihe: Inzego zidafite abakozi babishoboye no gutera inkunga.
Ibigo byuburezi
Kuri gahunda ya Berekage, umushyitsi wambere washyizweho kubagore. Bateguwe mu kigo cya 464 cya Smolny cya mukobwa mwiza. Amahame yuburezi yari amwe nko munzu yuburezi bwateguwe mbere.
Umwaka umwe, Bezzka yitabira imitunganyirize yumuryango wa Cadet Corps yingabo zubutaka kubahungu bakomokamo. Abahawe impamyabumenyi y'ingabo zifite uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu gisirikare nkabayobozi.
Nyuma yimyaka irindwi, abifashijwemo nintego ya Fabidov, hateguwe intego yo gusuzuma Famidov, intego yacyo yari iyo kwigisha abana b'iki cyiciro cy'ibintu byinshi byingirakamaro kubwumvikane: ibaruramari, imiterere, amateka, ubukungu, amategeko, amategeko.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ivan Ivanovich ntabwo yigeze arongora kumugaragaro, ariko umuryango we yabonaga abanyeshuri be. Uwa mbere yakundaga cyane Anastasia Sokolov, nyuma yabaye umugore wa Admiral Osip Deririca. Yatsinze amafaranga menshi, ndetse n'inyubako ebyiri muri St. Petersburg.
Mu gusaza, habaye impinduka mubuzima bwite bwa leta. Petskaya yafashe umwe mu banyeshuri b'abanyeshuri ba Norulny ba Alimov. Nyuma yo kurangiza inzu yimbukira, Ivan Ivanovich yatura mu nzu ye maze asaba ko afitanye isano, ariko ubwiza nyabwo ntibumvikanye n'umwanya nk'uwo yashakanye n'umusizi A. RZhevsky. Amaze gusiga Pladege, Ivanovich yagize ikibazo cy'umutima. Kugeza ku mpera z'ubuzima, yeguye, yabaga mu bwigunge buzuye.
Imyaka ishize
Kuva 1773, bijyanye n'imyumvire yo kwigomeka yagoretse muri sosiyete y'Uburusiya, Catherine II yavuguruye imyifatire yayo ku bitekerezo by'uburezi, byatangije Bezkoy. Yarakaye. Ariko, kubera ko kuzigama kwe byose, Ivanovich yamaze ubuzima bwe bwose kugira ngo akomeze inyigisho ze n'amashuri, ntibyari igitutsi kuri we nta makosa yariyo.
Nyuma yimyaka 10, ukurikije ubuhamya bwabo, Bezzka yagize ubwonko, nyuma yamugaye igice. Ndetse ubuhumyi bwongerewe ku ndwara zose. Imyaka 12 nyuma ya Hetorroge ugana ubwonko kumunsi wanyuma wizuba rya 1795, kubera gusaza byimbitse, Ivanovich yapfiriye murugo. Yashyinguwe n'umunyapolitiki mu itorero rya Alexander Lavra.
Mu mpera za Gashyantare 2017, urukurikirane rwa TV "Catherine" ruza ku muyoboro "Uburusiya 1". Akosoff ". Iyi filime ya tereviziyo ni igifuniko cyari gitegereje kuva kera ishusho y'amashusho ya "Catherine", yarekuwe muri 2014 kandi yatsindiye impuhwe abareba n'abanegura. Yaranzwe n'ibihembo bibiri byo mu rugo "teffi" na "kagoma ya zahabu".
Mu gihembwe gishya, mu gusobanura imyaka y'ubuyobozi bw'inama ya Catherine ikomeye, intwari nshya n'abahanzi bagaragaye: Vladimir Yaglych, Vladimir Yaglych, Vladimir Yaglych, Vladimir Yaglych, Vladimir Yaglych, wakinnye uruhare rw'umusore Paul I. Abari bateranye bazabona umugani wosor Skyar.
Amagambo Ivan Beesky
- "Intandaro y'ibibi byose n'ibyiza - Uburere."
- Ati: "Ubwenge butwite cyangwa ngo bimurikire siyanse ntabwo bifata umuturage mwiza kandi utaziguye, ariko akenshi nta kintu na kimwe cyangiza niba umuntu wo mu gihe cye cyoroshye mu gihe cye kibyara."
- "Kwemeza umutima w'abasore mu guhimbaza impengamiro, kugirango ushimishe guhiga akazi gakomeye muri bo, kandi kugira ngo utinye. Igisha imyitwarire yabo myiza, tuyikesha, twihanganiye abakene, ntishimye; Mubigishe kubaka - kubaka inzu ..., gushira imizi muri byo inyungu ... impengamiro yo kwiyoroshya no kweza. "
- "Umugabo wumva nk'umuntu ... Ntabwo nkwiye kwemerera umuntu uwo ari we wese ukora nk'inyamaswa."
- "Nta ngirakamaro n'iminiga y'abavuna, ariko batera ingero mbi zabo"