Chiphunzitso
Ivan Ivanovich Petskaya, mlangizi woyenera wachinsinsi ku Ekaterina II, anali mwana wowonjezeranso dzina la Ivan Yurebech trubersky. Mnyamatayo anabadwa pa February 3, 1704 Ku likulu la Sweden nthawi imeneyo pamene bambo ake adagwidwa atalephera kugwira ntchito yankhondo yaku Russia motsutsana ndi Swedeni. Amayi a petsky akuti adakhala kuvulaza kovomerezeka, koma magwero ena amawonetsa dzina losiyana - katswiri wa Sparre. M'tsogolomu, dzina la Ivan Ivanovich lidzalumikizidwa kokha ndi Atate wake, za mayi sizidzachitikanso pambuyo pake.
Mnyamatayo adaphunzira bwino moyang'aniridwa ndi abambo ake. Ndipo m'kupita kwaunyamata watumizidwa ku Darses Cadet, yomwe idatha ndi chizindikiro chapamwamba kwambiri. Vutoli, lomwe limapezeka pa ntchito yankhondo, ikani mtanda pantchito yankhondo.
Atachoka ku Prince Trubebetskoy kupita kwawo mu 1718, achichepere ku Beatka anali ophunzira ku Europe, kenako ndikuyenda kwambiri, ndikupeza luso. Pali zambiri zomwe adaphunzira sayansi ndi ntchito za Recormers French mwachindunji mu likulu la France, komanso ku Leipzig. Mnyamatayo wachinyamata, ali ndi zilankhulo zambiri zakunja, adawona kalonga wa nthol dolgoroky ndikuwatenga kuti agwirizane ndi boma la paris monga kazembe waku Russia.
Zaka zoyambirira za ntchito ku Russia
Ali ndi zaka 22, Ivan Ivanovich amamasuliridwa ku Russia kukaitana kwa abambo ake, omwe adamupatsa malo a mlembi. Ntchito zatsopano za Bettsky zinaphatikizaponso makalata ndi akuluakulu aboma akunja. Pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa cha thandizo la Prince Truberbetsksky, Ivan adapanga ntchito yabwino ku koleji yankhondo, kenako pa bolodi lachilendo.
Malinga ndi madongosolo a boma, FtSSSKA imayenda mosiyanasiyana. Paulendowu, amachezera ku Germany, Austria, komwe amamudziwa ndi mayi wa Everland English. Adalankhula kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kukondweretsedwa ndi Johann Elizabeth adapita kale mwana wake wamkazi, chifukwa chakuti olemba mbiri amakhulupirira kuti Ivan Ivanovich anali bambo weniweni wa Katherine II.
Pakadali pano, Fetskaya amazimitsa ndi antiokeya Kantemir, dipric dippomat wamkulu wa ku Russia, pansi pa utsogoleri wa dziko la Ivan Ivanovich anali ambiri. Pambuyo pake, FetSshaya adzalowa gulu lothandizidwa ndi Anna John ndipo adzasaina, pamodzi ndi Kantemir ndi Yakuzhinsky, chikalata chomwe othandizira amufunsa kuti abwere kumpando wachifumu. Mu 1733, Bezzka adzalandira mutu wa zazikulu, ndipo kenako rodeute moder.
Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha abambo ake, komanso mwana wamkazi wa Trubetsky, yemwe anali wokwatiwa ndi Prince Ludwig Hedub-Gomburg, adayipa kwambiri pagulu la Mfumukazi Elizabeth II. Muudindo wa General Oredtututant Ivan Ivanovich amapitanso ku Europe ndikubwerera ku Russia mu 1740.
Katherine II ndi Peter III
Kuyambira 1742 mpaka 1747, Ivan Ivanovich anali ndi chipinda chotsogozedwa ndi Peter Ulrich, yemwe pambuyo pake adzakhale Emperor Peter II, mwamuna wake Katherine II. Ophunzitsidwa mu mzimu wopembedza, werengani ndi Petska, sanakonde kukoma kwa m.p. Avenuzhevo-rumin ndipo adachotsedwa pabwalo laumulungu. Ivan Ivanovich adalandira ntchito yosiyirapo ulendo wopita ku Europe.
M'mayiko monga Holland, Germany, France, waku Italy, yemwe amapita kukaphunzira mabungwe ophunzitsa, amakumana ndi malingaliro akuluakulu a Mayi, pakati pa ndakatulo ndi mabuku a Paris. Anzanu amakhala odalirika, Voltaire, Doro, Rousseu. Ivan Ivanovich kwa zaka 15 adatenga malingaliro apamwamba a nthawiyo, yomwe idafika ku Russia.
1762 Anagwira kachilomboka mu likulu la ku Austria. Kufika ku Petersburg, pomwepo adalandira dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky. Inakhazikitsidwa kuti mkati mwa Katherine II, Ivaan Ivanovich sanatenge nawo mbali. Ngakhale anali kuwamvera chisoni, Petulo III, mfumukazi imasiya betky kubwalo lamilandu ndikumupanga woyang'anira gulu latsopanoli, lomwe lidamva nyumba ndi mipata ya mfumukazi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, gawo latsopano limayambiranso m'chinsinsi cha munthu waluso.
A Sukulu ya Zapamwamba
Chinthu choyamba, choperekedwa ku Beetsrome Katherine II, anali bungwe la Udindo wa aluso, zomwe zidasinthidwa kukhala bungwe lodziyimira pawokha mu 1762. Bezzka chifukwa cha ntchito yake ndi changu chonse: Amakwaniritsa nyumba yosiyana ndi maphunziro a Casalyksky pachilumba cha Vasalyksky pachilumba chophunzitsira, ulamuliro waukulu womwe umasankhidwa ndi Bungwe la aphunzitsi.
Nthawi yophunzirira ku Sukuluyi inali zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kenako, malinga ndi mayeso, ophunzira abwino kwambiri adapita ku United ku Europe. Ivan Ivanovich adadzipereka kwambiri ku gulu lake ndipo adayamba kuwongolera ophunzira omwe ali ndi mphatsozi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake pantchito yake, adasiya sukulu yonse yomwe amagwira zaka zopitilira 30, komanso zopereka ndi ziboliboli.
Kusintha Maphunziro
Zofanana ndi bolodi ku Ah Betskaya idakhala yopanga kusintha kwamaphunziro ku Russia. Amasintha mosasinthasintha malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake m'matumbo "kukhazikitsidwa kwina pa maphunziro a makhato."
Cholinga cha maphunziro mu mabungwe apadera amakhazikitsa mtundu watsopano wopangidwa ndi anthu atsopano a gulu lachitatu, lomwe kudzera mwa mabanja ake ndi ana awo zidzasinthidwa kukhala dziko lapansi lingaliro la anthu. Mutha kukumbukira imodzi mwazomwe beetsky, kuwunikira funso ili:
"M'mayiko ena a anthu ena, chiin chachitatu cha anthu, chokhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri, chikupitilizabe kuchokera ku Genrus: Koma monga kuno (ku Russia) Chibwalo sichidafike, ndi ...".
Bezzka amakhulupirira kuti anthu oterowo amatha kukhazikitsa ubale woyenera ndi serfs, yomwe ikadakhudza mkhalidwe wa anthu onse.
Zinkaganiziridwa kuti ophunzirawo adachotsedwa chifukwa chakubadwira kwa mabanja ali ndi zaka 5, kenako, nditaphunzitsira nyumba ya 18 ndikukwaniritsa chikondwerero cha 18, chidzabwezedwanso. Nthawi yomweyo, Ivan Ivanovo analimbikitsa njira yodziperekere kwa maphunziro: Kukana kwa kulanga kwa Corporal Compoul, kulimbikitsidwa, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuphunzira mosangalatsa.
Bezzka "adakhulupirira kufunika kotsatira mapazi a chilengedwe, osagonjetsa komanso osamupatsa iye kumupereka." Malinga ndi mtunduwu, nyumba yoyamba yophunzitsa ku Moscow idapangidwa mu 1763, pomwe ana adasiyidwa adatengedwa. Nyumba yachiwiri yotere idawonekera ku likulu mu 1772. Koma malingaliro a beetsky anakana zenizeni za gulu la Russia la nthawi imeneyo: Bungwe lija silinakhale oyenerera ndi ndalama.
Mabungwe Ophunzitsa
Pa zoyambitsa beetsk, nyumba yoyamba ipangidwe kwa akazi. Anachita bungwe mu 1764 stalny Institute ya mdzakazi wodziwika. Mfundo za maphunziro zinali zofanana ndi nyumba yophunzitsira yophunzitsa.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, Bezzka amatenga nawo mbali m'gulu la ma cadet corps a pansi kwa anyamata olemekezeka. Omaliza maphunziro a zotsekereza ma corps ali ndi ufulu kulowa usilikali monga atsogoleri.
Patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, mothandizidwa ndi zotsimikizira Demidov, sukulu yomwe cholinga chake chinali kuphunzitsa ana a zinthu za zinthu zothandiza anzeru zanzeru: Akaunti, Lamuloli.
Moyo Wanu
Ivan Ivanovich sanakwatirane mwalamulo, koma banja lake amaganizira za ophunzira ake. Wokondedwa woyamba anali anastasia sololov, yemwe pambuyo pake adasandulika mkazi wa almir osip. Anapambana ndalama zambiri, komanso nyumba ziwiri ku St. Petersburg.
Tikakalamba, zasintha m'moyo wa munthu wamkulu. Petskaya adatenga m'modzi mwa ana a Smimony wa Alimov. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa nyumba yokwerapo, Ivan Ivanovich adakhazikitsa msungwanayo mnyumba mwake ndikuwuza ometa, koma kukongola kwachichepere sikukugwirizana ndi wolemba ndakatulo a. Atachoka partegeger, Ivan Ivanovich adakumana ndi vuto la mtima. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, wasiya kusiya, amakhala payekha.
Zaka zomaliza
Kuyambira 1773, polumikizidwa ndi zopanduka zomwe zidasinthidwa ku Russia, Catherine II idasinthanso malingaliro ake pa malingaliro a maphunziro, omwe adayambitsa bezkoy. Adasiya ntchito. Koma, popeza ndalama zonse, Ivan Ivanovich adakhala moyo kuti aphunzitse ndi mabungwe a maphunziro, anali osayembekezereka osachita chipiriro.
Zaka 10 pambuyo pake, malinga ndi umboni wa nthawi ya yemwe nthawi, Bezzka adadwala sitiroko, kenako zinkalumala pang'ono. Ngakhale khungu zidawonjezedwa ku matenda onse. Zaka 12 pambuyo pa hemorrhage ku ubongo tsiku lomaliza la chaka cha 1795, chifukwa cha ukalamba kwambiri, Ivaan Ivanovich adamwalira kunyumba. Anaikidwa ndi mkulu wa mzimayi kutchalitchi a Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February 2017, mtundu wa TV "Catherine" abwera pa njira "Russia 1". Nyamuka". Kanema wa TV iyi ndi chithunzi cha nthawi yayitali cha "Catherine", lomwe limatulutsidwa mu 2014 ndipo adapambana chifundo cha owonera ndi otsutsa. Adalembedwa ndi mphotho ziwiri zanyumba "Tefti" ndi "chiwombankhanga chagolide".
Mu nyengo yatsopano, pofotokoza zaka za bolodi la Katherine, ngwazi zatsopano ndi zojambulajambula za Vevelt, omwe amakwaniritsa gawo la achinyamata omwe anali. Omvera awona nthano Skllyar.
Zolemba Ivan Beettsky
- "Muzu wa zoyipa zonse ndi zabwino - kuleredwa."
- "Malingaliro adakongoletsa kapena kuunikiridwa ndi sayansi sikupanga nzika yabwino komanso yolunjika, koma nthawi zambiri palibe vuto ngati munthu wa unyamata wokhazikika wa m'badwo wake wachulukitsidwa."
- "Kuti avomereze mtima wa anyamata pakuyamika, kuti asangalatse kusaka kwa iwo, ndi kuwopa kuswa; Phunzitsani machitidwe awo abwino, mwauleredwe, zonena za anthu osauka, osasangalala; Aphunzitseni ku nyumba yanyumba ..., kuti muzumitse mwa iwo mwa iwo ... chizolowezi cha ukadaulo ndi chiyero. "
- "Mwamuna akumva ngati munthu ... Sindiyenera kulola wina aliyense kukhala ngati nyama."
- "Palibe zikhalidwe ndi anthu wamba, koma zimalimbikitsa zitsanzo zawo"