Biography
Ivan Ivanovich Petskaya, Advance yakavanzika kuna Ekress Ekaterina II I, yaive Mwanakomana wekuwedzera waIvan yerevich trubetsky. Mukomana akaberekwa munaFebruary 3, 1704 muguta guru reSweden panguva iyoyo baba vake pavakabatwa mushure mekukundikana kwechiuto kweRussia kurwisa maSwete. Amai vePetsky vanonzi vakava baroness kukuvadza, asi mamwe masosi anoratidza zita rakasiyana - kuwanda sparre. Mune ramangwana, zita reIvan Ivanovich richabatanidzwa chete naBaba vake chete, nezvaamai hakuzove nemazano ezveruzivo.
Jaya racho rine dzidzo yakanaka yeSweden pasi pekutarisira kwababa vake. Uye mukuyaruka kwakaitumirwa kuDanish Cadet kesi, iyo yakapera nemaki yepamusoro. Iko kushungurudzika, kwakawanikwa pabasa racho mumabhiza, isa muchinjiko pane basa rake rehondo.
Pashure pokuenda kweMutungamiriri Trubetskoy kumusha kwake muna 1718, vadiki Beatka yakanga ichiri yakadzidziswa kuEurope, ndokufamba zvakanyanya, kuwana ruzivo. Pane ruzivo rwaaidzidza nesainzi uye mabasa evanochinja zveFrance zvakananga muguta guru reFrance, pamwe neLeipzig. Jaya rinovimbisa, rine mitauro yakawanda, akaona muchinda weshorily dolgoruky uye akaiendesa kunzvimbo yemunyori wemunhu kuti agare muParis semumburenzi weRussia.
Makore ekutanga ebasa muRussia
Pazera ramakore makumi maviri nemasere, Ivan Ivanovich rinoshandurwa kuRussia pakukoka kwababa vake, avo vakamupa nzvimbo yemuturikiri. Mabasa matsva eBetsky aisanganisira tsamba ine vatungamiriri vehurumende ekunze. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nekutenda nerubatsiro rweMuchinda Trubetsky, Ivan akaita basa rakanaka paCoalk College, uyezve mubhodhi renhoroondo dzekunze.
Sekureva kwemirairo yenyika, fetskaya inofamba kakawanda kunze kwenyika. Munguva yeiyi nzendo, anoshanyira Germany, Austria, kwaanoziva amai vechirangaridzo yeRussia Empress. Vakataura kwenguva refu kwazvo, uye kufarirwa naJohann Erizabhati munguva pfupi yapfuura vakapfuura mwanasikana wake, nei vanonzi vezvakaitika kare kuti Ivan Ivan aivhe chaive baba chaivo.
Panguva ino, Fetskaya inoshandura kuAndiyoki KanteMir, diplomat yeRussia yakakura, pasi pehutungamiriri hweNyika Iran Ivanovich raive zvakanyanya. Gare gare, Fetskaya achapinda muboka rokutsigira kutonga kwaAnna John uye achasaina, pamwe chete neKanmir naYaguzinsky, gwaro ripi rinokumbira kuti riuye kuchigaro. Muna 1733, bezzka ichagamuchira zita remukuru, uyezve lieutenant colonel.
Nekuda kwekudzivirira kwababa vake, pamwe nemwanasikana waTrubetsky, uyo akaroora Finish Ludwig Hesse-Gemburg, akava akaipa zvakanyanya kune nzanga yeMambokadzi Elizabeth II. Mune chinzvimbo che general adjutant Ivan Ivanovich zvakare inoenda parwendo kuenda kuEurope uye inodzokera kuRussia muna 1740.
Catherine II naPeter III
Kubva 1742 kusvika 1747, Ivan Ivanovich sekamuri iri pasi peimba yaPeter Ulrich, ndiani anozopedzisira ava mambo wechipiri, murume wake Catherine II. Vakadzidziswa muRusununguko Rusununguko, verenga naPetka, havana kufarira kuravira kwecachellor a.p. BesUzhevo-Rumin uye yakabviswa kubva kuyamende. Ivan Ivanovich akagamuchira kusiya basa uye zvakare akaenderera mberi parwendo kuenda kuEurope.
Munyika dzakadai saHolland, Germany, France naItaly, vanoshanyira pfungwa huru dzeNguva, vanoshanyira salon yeMai Joffrene, pakati pehurumende nemabhuku eParis. Shamwari dzinova Grimm, Voltaire, Didiro, Rousseau. Ivan Ivanovich kwemakore gumi nemashanu akabatikana mazano epamberi enguva, iyo yakabva yasvika mukushanda muRussia.
1762 yakabata beetk iri muguta guru reAustria. Achisvika muPetersburg, akabva awiswa pakarepo raAlexander Nevy. Yakavambwa kuti mune coup yakarongedzwa neCatherine II, Ivan Ivanovich haana kutora chikamu. Pasinei nokunzwira tsitsi, Peter III, iyo Empress inosiya Beessky kuDare uye inomuita maneja weiyo chikamu chitsva, chakazvinzwa zvivakwa nemahosi emambokadzi. Kubva panguva ino, nhanho itsva inotanga mune iyo biography yeiyo ine tarenda nhamba.
Academy yehunyanzvi
Chinhu chekutanga, chakapihwa kune nhumbu Catherine II, yaive sangano rezvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi, izvo zvakashandurwa kuita chinzvimbo chakazvimirira muna 1762. Bezka pamusoro pebasa rake raida kushingaira. Anowana chivakwa chakasiyana cheChitsauko cheVasilevy
Izwi rekufunda parunyorwa rweChikoro raive nemakore matanhatu, shure kwaizvozvo, maererano nemibvunzo, vadzidzi vakanaka kwazvo vakaenda kundovirana kuEurope. Ivan Ivanovich akazvirega zvakawanda kune rake braincchild uye akatora kutonga kwavo kwakanyanyisa kune vadzidzi. Pashure pokunge vapedza kudzidza kwake, akabva mudzidziso yake yese yaunganidza makore anopfuura makumi matatu, pamwe chete nemafirita uye mifananidzo.
Reform Dzidzo
Mukufanana neBhodhi muAh Betskaya akava mushonga mukuru wekuchinja kwedzidzo muRussia. Iye anogara achitaura pfungwa dzake uye mazano ezvibereko mukuratidzira "general kugadzwa nedzidzo yemioni."
Chinangwa chedzidzo mumasangano akakosha anogadza chisikwa chevamwe vanhu, kirasi yechitatu yakakosha, iyo kuburikidza nemhuri yake uye nevana vavo ichavezwa munyika yePfungwa yePfungwa uye Kururamisira. Iwe unogona kuyeuka imwe yemakotesheni eBeetsky, kuvhenekera uyu mubvunzo:
"Munyika dzevamwe vanhu, chidimbu chechitatu chevanhu, chakatangwa kwemazana emakore, zvinoenderera mberi kubva kuGenus mu genus: Asi sekuraramai pano (muRussia) ichi chisati chasvika, hazvina kuremara, izvo izvo ...".
Bezzka vaitenda kuti vanhu vakadaro vaizogona kumisikidza hukama hwakakodzera neSerfs, izvo zvaigona kukanganisa mamiriro enharaunda yose.
Yaifungidzirwa kuti vadzidzi vaizobviswa nemvumo yevabereki vanobva kumhuri pazera ramakore mashanu, uye ipapo, mushure mekudzidziswa muimba yekubhodhi uye kuzadzisa zuva regumi nemasere, vachadzoserwa kumashure. Panguva imwecheteyo, Ivan Ivanovich akasimudzira nzira yakasimudzira kuDzidzo: Kuramba kwechirango chakarongeka, hurongwa hwekurudziro, mitambo yokukurudzira, mitambo yakasununguka, kudzidza nemafaro.
Bezzka "akatenda kudiwa kwekutevera tsoka dzechisiko, kwete kukunda uye kusamukurira, asi zvichimupa." Maererano nerudzi urwu, iyo yekutanga imba yekudzidzisa yakagadzirwa muna 1763, mune vana vakasiya vakatorwa. Imba yechipiri yakadai yakaonekwa muguta guru muna 1772. Asi mazano eBehetsky akarova chokwadi cheiyo yeRussia nzanga yenguva iyoyo: Iyo Institution yakashaiwa vashandi vanokwanisa uye mari.
Dzidzo Institutions
Pakutanga kweBetsk, wekutanga wekugezera akasikirwa vakadzi. Vakarongeka muna 1764 smolny institute yemusikana akanaka. Misimboti yedzidzo yaive yakafanana neyakagadzirirwa imba yedzidzo yedzidzo.
Kwapera gore, bezka inotora musangano reCadet Corps yemauto epasi pevakomana vevakabvunzwa. Vakapedza kudzidza kwechigungano vane kodzero yekupinda muchiuto sevakuru.
Mushure memakore manomwe, nerubatsiro rwekuratidzira demidov, chinangwa chemutengesi chakarongwa, chinangwa chemutengesi chekudzidzisa izvi zvekirasi zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuziva: Accounting, geography, nhoroondo, hupfumi, mutemo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Ivan Ivanovich haana kumbobvira waroora zviri pamutemo, asi mhuri yake yaaiona nayo vadzidzi vake. Yokutanga yaunofarira yaive Anastasia Soklov, yakazonyora yakazova mukadzi weAdmiral Osip Deribas. Akahwina mari yakakura, pamwe nezvivakwa zviviri muSt.
Munguva yekukwegura, kwave nekuchinja muhupenyu hwega wemufambi. Petskaya akatora imwe yevadzidzi veVadzidzi veSpolny veAlimov. Mushure mekupera kweimba yekubhoa, Ivan Ivanovich akagadzirisa musikana mumba make uye akataura nezvechisimba, asi hupfumi hwechidiki haana kubvumirana nenzvimbo yakadaro uye munguva pfupi yakaroora nhetembo A. Rzhevsky. Pashure pokusiya imba yake, Ivan Ivanovich akatambura kurwiswa kwemoyo. Kusvikira pakuguma kweupenyu, Akasiya ushe, akararama mune zvizere wololude.
Makore apfuura
Kubva 1773, maererano nemood inopanduka yakamonyaniswa munharaunda yeRussia, Catherine ii yakatumira maitiro ayo kune pfungwa dzedzidzo, iyo yakaunza bezkoy. Akasiyiwa. Asi, kubvira pese pese pese pese, Ivan Ivanovich akaramba hupenyu hwake hwekudzidzisa uye masangano edzidziso, iye aisatarisirwa iye asina kurarama.
Makore gumi gare gare, maererano neuchapupu hwevanhu venguva pfupi, bezzka rakatambura kurohwa, panguva iyoyo zvainge zvakaoma mitezo. Kunyangwe kupofumara kwakawedzerwa kune zvese zvirwere. Makore gumi nemaviri mushure meguva kusvika kuhuropi pazuva rekupedzisira rezhizha re1995, nekuda kwekukwegura kwakadzika, Ivan Ivanovich akafa kumba. Akavigwa nemusikani muchechi yeAlexander Nevy Lavra.
Pakupera kwaFebruary 2017, iyo TV Series "Catherine" inouya pane chiteshi "Russia 1". Bvisa". Iyi firimu yeTerevhizheni iri yakamirira kwenguva refu yeiyo momiti pikicha ye "Catherine", iyo yakaburitswa muna 2014 uye yakakunda tsitsi dzevatariri nevatsoropodzi. Akaratidzirwa nemitsetse miviri yemumba "Tefa" uye "Goridhe Eagle".
Mumwaka mutsva, kurondedzera makore eCatherine Great, magamba etsva anoonekwa: Vladimir Yaglych, akaidza Grigory Potemkin, uye Pavel Tabakov, uyo akazadzisa iyo ledenary igor Sklyar.
Quotes Ivan Beetsky
- "Muti wezvakaipa zvese uye zvakanaka - kurerwa."
- "Pfungwa dzakashongedzwa kana kuvhenekerwa nesainzi hadziiti mugari akanaka uye akananga, asi mune dzakawanda nyaya hapana chekukuvara kana mumwe munhu wehudiki hwakaoma wezera rake anomutswa".
- "Kubvumidza moyo wejaya mukurumbidza zvisungo, kuti ufadze kuwanda kwekushanda kwakaoma mavari, uye kuti vatye zvidhoma; Dzidzisa maitiro avo akanaka, neruremekedzo, nyarare nezvevarombo, kusagadzikana; Vadzidzisei kuimba-chivakwa ..., kudzika midzi mavari mune mukana ... iyo tsika yekuita basa nekuchena. "
- "Munhu anonzwa kunge murume ... handifanire kubvumira chero munhu kuita semhuka."
- "Hapana michina yekuzvarwa uye villains, asi vanokurudzira mienzaniso yavo yakaipa"