Biography
James Joyce - Munyori ane mukurumbira weIrish uye nhetembo, akafunga kuti mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira wezana ramakore re20. Tenzi wezvinyorwa, akapa kuvandudza kwemazuva ano, vakava nokufarisisa kune dzidziso "Ulysses", "Mufananidzo weMhizha muhuduku hwake" uye "positicuxo", pamwe nenyaya dzekuunganidza "Dublins" .Hudu uye Vechidiki
James Augustine ALEYE Joyce aive muIreative weIreland. Akazvarwa munaFebruary 2, 1882 MuDublin District of John Stanislav Joyce naMary Janeyeni uye vaive vakuru pavana gumi nemashanu. Mhuri yemunyaradzi yakaitika kubva kurudzi uye varidzi vebhizinesi yekubvisa munyu uye lime, pamwe yaive nehukama naDaniel O'ime Oconnell Liberator, anozivikanwa nehafu yeiyo yegumi neyekutanga yezana ramakore re20.
Kusave neine bhizinesi grip uye bhizinesi hunyanzvi, baba venguva yemberi munyori kazhinji vakachinja basa racho. Muna 1893, mushure memaruva akati wandei, akadzosera pamudyandigere, ainetseka nezvemhuri yemhuri yakawanda, akapata uye akaita humbowo.
Kwenguva yakati, John akabhadhara zvidzidzo zvaJakobho kuchikoro cheJesus. Muna 1893, nekuda kwehukama hwaBaba vekare, munyori wekare akagamuchira nzvimbo muBellvedere koreji, kwaakabatana neChechi yeChechi yeCommunity uye akasangana neiyo poma yevafambi veFama, kusvikira kumagumo ehupenyu hwake airwara zvakanyanya.
Muna 1898, James akazova mudzidzi weDublin University College uye akatanga kudzidza Chirungu, French neItaly. Mujaya akashanyira zvinyorwa zvemitambo uye nemitambo yemitambo, akanyora mitamba, zvigadzirwa zvepepanhau reko. Muna 1900, ongororo yekuumbwa nebhuku raHenichen Ibsen "apo isu, Vakafa, vakava bhuku rakatsaurwa 1 muongororo yemudzidzi 2.
Muna 1901, Joyce akanyora chinyorwa pamusoro pemufananidzo weIrish worcary, iyo iyo yunivhesiti yakaramba kudhinda. Akabudiswa mupepanhau "United Irishman", nokudaro achiendesa munyori kune vanhu vazhinji.
Pakupera kweKoreji, Joyce akaenda kuParis kuti adzidze mushonga, izvo zvaive zvakanyanya kuoma kuti unzwisise uye nekudzidza. Jaya racho rakafamba tsoka dzaBaba, kazhinji dzakachinja basa, achiedza kuwana nzira yekuvapo, akapedza nguva yakawanda muraibhurari yeFrance French, akanyora nhetembo. Nenguva isipi akagamuchira nhau dzechirwere chamai vake chaamai uye vakamanikidzwa kudzokera kuDublin.
Mabhuku
Boka rekusika raiye Joyce rakatanga muna 1904, paakaedza kuburitsa chinyorwa chinonzi "mufananidzo wevaimbi". Zvinyorwa zvacho hazvina kufanana nevaparidzi, uye munyori akasarudza kumuisa mumugove "Gamba Stefano", iro rakanyorova zviitiko zvehudiki hwake, asi pasina basa racho rakasiiwa basa.
Muna 1907, James akadzokera kumatanho ebhuku risina kufadzwa uye akavanyatsovabvunza, semhedzisiro yeiyo muna 1914 iyo Novel "Mufananidzo weMhizha muhuduku hwake" akaoneka, achitaura nezve makore ekutanga ehupenyu hwehukuru hwe Stephenz Sekuru, akafanana nemunyori iyeye muhuduku hwake.
Kubva muna 1906, Joyce akatanga basa pane imwe nyaya inonzi "Dublins", umo mufananidzo chaiwo wehupenyu hwekirasi yepakati muguta guru uye zvakatipoteredza pakutanga kwezana ramakore re20. Aya mateki akagadzirwa kana nyika yeIrish yakanga iri pahukuru hwekuvandudza, vanotarisa pane pfungwa yekufara nezvekunzwisisa kwevanhu mumigwagwa yehupenyu uye nhoroondo.
Kuumbwa kwekuunganidza kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: Ini ndiri mudiki, pwere uye kukura. Mamwe mavara akazotaurwazve muzvifananidzo zvepamhepo zveNovel "Ulysses". Kekutanga, Joyce akaedza kuburitsa Dublins muna 1909 mutealandra yake, asi akagamuchira kuramba. Kurwira kwekupinda kwechiedza chebhuku rakaenderera kusvika muna1414, apo kuunganidzwa kwakadhindwa.
Muna 1907, James akazove pedyo nemumwe wevadzidzi vake - VaGirithe Heark Schmmitz, munyori uye mutambi, anozivikanwa pasi pegamba rezita renyowani "Ulysses" Leopold Luolom. Basa pabasa racho rakatanga muna 1914 uye vakagara kwemakore manomwe. Iyo bhuku racho rakava basa rinokosha rekunyora munhoroondo yemutauro wechirungu uye bhuku rebhaibheri remunyori.
Mune "Ulysses" Joyce akashandisa kuyerera kwekuziva, parody, majee uye mamwe maitiro ekuratidzira mavara. Zviito zvezvinyorwa zvacho zvakange zvaganhurirwa pazuva rimwe chete, June 16, 1904, uye anodzokorora neimba yeimba "Odyssey". Munyori akatambura nekare magamba eUlysses, Penelope naTelemach kuenda kuTeemlin uye vakadzivira muzvifananidzo zveLeopold Bloom, mukadzi wake Moley
Iri bhuku racho rakadzidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzehupenyu hweMutoro nekutarisa pabasa rayo uye monotony. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa iri rondedzero yakadzama yeguta. Joyce akapokana kuti kana Dublin akaparadzwa mune dzimwe njodzi, anogona kudzoserwa, zvidhina pamusoro pezvidhina, pamapeji ebhuku racho.
Iri bhuku rine zvitsauko gumi nembiri dzinovhara anenge awa imwe yezuva. Chipo chimwe nechimwe chaive nemhando yayo yemanyorero uye akaunganidza nechimwe chiitiko "Odyssey." Chiitiko chikuru chakaitika mundangariro dzevanyori uye dzakakurudzirwa nemarongero ezvinyorwa zvechinyakare uye dzimwe nguva zvinoonekwa kunze.
Budiriro yerudzi rwevaRoma yakatanga muna Kurume 1918 muNew York Magazine "Ongororo Yangu Yekupedzisira", asi mushure memakore maviri yakamiswa nekuda kwekunzwisisa. Muna 1922, bhuku rakabudiswa muEngland pasi peCartridge Elect hareti Ratidza Witder. Icho chinonakidza ndechekuti nguva pfupi iri kutevera basa rakarambidzwa, uye mazana mashanu emakopi eiyo rugwaro rakatumirwa kuUnited States vakabatwa uye akapiswa muetsika dzechiRungu.
Apedza basa pa "Ulysses", Joyce akaneta iyo kwenguva yakareba ini handina kunyora mutsara wechipfuva. Musi waKurume 10, 1923, akadzokera kuCreativity uye akatanga kushanda pachigadzirwa chitsva. Pakazosvika 1926, James akapedza chikamu kubva pakutanga zvikamu zviviri zveanosimbisa "pomominsica naFinnegana", uye muna 1939, bhuku rakabudiswa zvizere. Iyo novel yakanyorwa mune yakasarudzika uye yakavanzika Chirungu, yakavakirwa, kunyanya pane yakaoma yakawanda-level puncties.
Maitiro ebasa aive akaomarara. Vazhinji vakatsoropodza bhuku racho kuti rishandire uye kusavapo kweimwe tambo yerondedzero. Vanodavirira vebhuku, kusanganisira munyori Samuel BCkett, vakataura nezvekukosha kwezano uye kutendeka kwezvifananidzo zvemapeji. Joyce pachake akataura kuti bhuku racho raizowana muverengi akakwana uyo achatambura nekusarara, uye, nekupedzisa iyo novel, tendeukira kune peji rekutanga uye rinotanga zvakare.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1904, Joyce akasangana naNaByu Banana, mukadzi anobva kuGarue, akashanda murandakadzi kuhotera. Vechidiki vaidiwa mumwe nemumwe uye pamwe chete kuruboshwe Ireland vachitsvaga basa nemufaro. Pakutanga, vaviri vacho vakagara muZurich, kwaive kwakanyorwa James nemudzidzisi kuchikoro chemutauro. Ipapo Joyce akaendeswa kuTikeries, aive mumwe weAustria, panguva iyoyo, uye akatsunga kutumirwa kwemudzidzisi weChirungu Mutauro, kwaigadzirira mauto eNaava.
Muna 1905, Nora akazvara mwana wekutanga, mukomana, uyo wainzi Georio. Muna 1906, ndaneta neupenyu hwakanaka kuti mu Trieste, Joyce akatamira kure kuRoma ndokugadzirisa mabharani kubhangi, asi haana kuzvida ipapo. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, James akadzokera kumucheto kuAustria, Hungary uye akakwanisa kuberekwa mwanasikana waLucia muna 1907.
Mamiriro emari yemufaro uye Nora airema. Munyori aisakwanisa kuzvipira zvachose kuti asimbe, sezvandaifanira kurarama. Aive mumiriri weindasitiri yefirimu, akaedza kupinza jira reIrish kuenda kuVikesi, akagadzira shanduro, akapa zvidzidzo zvakavanzika. Mhuri yacho yaibata imwe yenzvimbo huru muupenyu hwomunhu wemunyori, kunyangwe nematambudziko ese, akaramba aine gomba kusvika pamugumo wehupenyu hwake, uyo akava mukadzi wake makore 27 mushure mekuziva kwake.
Muna 1907, James akatanga matambudziko nechiono, icho chakazonyora zvinopfuura madhiri gumi nemaviri ekuvhiya. Paive paine kufungidzirwa kuti munyori nemwanasikana wake akatambura kubva kuchizi. Vakaongororwa pamakarles jong skychigetrist, iyo yakagumisa kuti mufaro naLucia - "vanhu vaviri vakatumira pasi porwizi, imwe dhayi, uye imwe toni."
Mundima 1930s, mari yemari yakadzokororwa yeiyo 2nd kuronga kwekuziva kuzivana nemufaro nemupepeti wemagazini yeEgoist, Harriet Ratidza Wiment. Akagovera rutsigiro rwemari kumhuri yemunyori, uye mushure mekufa kwake, akabhadhara mariro uye akava maneja wezvivakwa.
Rufu
Ndira 11, 1941 Joyce akatambura kuvhiya muZurich kubvisa iyo duodenal ulcers. Zuva rakatevera ratevera rakawira mumwe munhu. JANUARY 13, 1941 Akamuka na2 mangwanani uye akabvunza mukoti wake kuti adaidze mukadzi waMwanakomana wake, asati atadza kuziva zvakare. Hama dzaive munzira iyo munyori akafa isingasviki mwedzi pamberi pekwake 59. Chikonzero cherufu chaive mulcer muviri.
Joyce yakavigwa mu zurich mumarara emakuva. Pakutanga, mutumbi wakavigwa muguva hwakajairwa muguva, asi muna 1966, mushure mekunge zviremera zveDublin vakaramba kuhama mumvumo yekutakura zvasara kumusha kwavo, munyori weyendimendi akagadzirwa munzvimbo yake. Mushure menguva yakati, pedyo nedutu remabhodhi, makotesheni anobva mumabasa aDublin anoverengerwa, isa chifananidzo, chinoshamisa, chinoshamisa kune munyori "Ulysses".
Quotes
"Ini ndinogara ndichinyora nezvaDublin, nekuti kana ndichigona kunzwisisa kukosha kwemaguta ese ari munyika" "kunzwa runako rwemumhanzi - iwe unofanirwa kuteerera kaviri, uye nevanhu kana vanhu - kubva kune rumwe chete kutarisa "" Mufungo hausi iwe unobhadhara masikati - iyo yakanakisa yekuvira kwemanheru "" hunyanzvi hadziiti zvikanganise. Anotadza vake - nemaune "BHAIBHERI
- 1904 - "Hofisi Inoyera"
- 1904-1914 - Dublintsy
- 1912 - "Gasi Kubva KuBurner"
- 1911-1914 - "Jacomo Joyce"
- 1907-1914 - "" Mufananidzo wevaimbi muhuduku "
- 1914-1915 - "Vanyengeri"
- 1914-1921 - "Ulysses"
- 1922-1939 - "Poms for Finnegan"