Kujeka kweusiku hwedenga kwakazara nenhamba isingaverengeke yenyeredzi. Uye pakati pemarudzi ese emarudzi ari kure kubva kuCradle of the Craddle yezvinhu zvakasikwa zvezuva, mapoka ezvisvinu, mitezo inoshamisa, inoshamisika nehunhu hwavo, nekuti vane inoshamisa misa ine zviyero zvisiri zvechitendero zvisina mwero. Zviri pamusoro pei nyeredzi yeNutron, chinhu chechiratidzo chenyeredzi chinoenderera nekuvhiringidza pfungwa dzisingaverengeki dzesainzi, mune iyo Mavanhu 24Cm.
Pane neutroni nyeredzi dzakasiyana kubva kuakajairwa
Natroni nyeredzi dzakakura uye panguva imwe chete inorema - misa yavo yakafanana neyakafanana nezuva, uye dzimwe nguva inotopfuura.
Inonyanya kujairika maltists
Sekureva kwezvidzidzo zveAstrophysscists vanobva kuGermany, huwandu hwenyeredzi dzisingadiwe dzimwe nguva dzinopfuura huwandu hwezuva mune kanopfuura 2, nepo avhareji yavo radius iri 10-20 km. Kana iwe ukatora teaspoon ye chero chinhu kubva pamusoro wepasi - misa yayo haichazove kilogiramu, nepo nyaya yehuwandu hwenzvimbo dzenyama dzine hutano hwakanyanya huve hwakanyanya kuenzana nemakumi emabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni ematani .
Nyeredzi dzeNetroni dzakarongwa seinotevera: Zvokwavo - kana Bark - rine Atomic nuclei nemaElectrons, iyo yakasara yaratidzwa muchimiro che "neutron Liquid", uye iyo Core iri pakati. Kuumbwa kwezvigadziko kwakakamurwa zvakajeka kuita zvikamu zvishanu: mamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze uye emukati ekoreti, kunze uye akadzika uye akadzika uye akadzika uye akadzika uye musimboti.
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kweiyo chinhu cheNetroni nyeredzi, izvo zvakaenzana neavhareji yegumi ... 19 Kg / m ^ 19, uye saizi diki inoumbwa kuti inyorwe kusununguka kuwira kumusoro, wepamusoro kune pasi zana nemabhiriyoni zana. Giravira yemuviri wakadai wakakura kwazvo uye wakasimba kwazvo zvichawira pamusoro pazvo, izvo zvakaita kuti ubatane nehasha, kurova kuchave kuri simba rakarukwa pakarepo kune zveuter.
Maitiro etunhu neutroni anoonekwa sei
Nzvimbo iyo zvinhu zviri kutariswa inotanga kubva pakuputika kwekutanga. Mushure mekupedza maitiro ekushanduka-shanduka, vanoiswa pasi pe "metamorphosis akati wandei". Kumubvunzo wedzipi nyeredzi dzinotendeukira kuNetron, zvinokwanisika kupindura sewe: Iwo miviri yekukasira isina kukwana, semuenzaniso, sezuva, inoshandurwa kunge madhiri machena; Kana misa kusvika mucherechedzo unodikanwa, mushure mekudonha, luminaire inoshanduka kuita gomba dema, kana zvisiri, ipapo muNyeredzi yeNetron.Nyaya Yekudzidza
Neutron akatanga kuwanikwa muna 1932 naJames Chadwick. Nekudaro, kunyange chiitiko ichi chisati chaitika, musayendisiti kubva kuUSSR Land Landau mune zvimedu zvakadhindwa munguva yechando cha1931 akafanotaura kuti kutyora kwemitemo mechanics kwaisave kure. SOviet Physicist rondedzero yakasimbiswa kuti ichangoerekana yaita izvi: Kana iko kushambadzira kwechinhu kwakakura zvekuti chigaro cheatomu zvichange zviri padhuze, kuumbwa kweimwe hukuru huchaitika.
Mukutanga 1933, vazivi venyeredzi vaviri, Fritz Zwick uye Walter Baade, vakataura chirevo chekutanga chekutanga pamusoro pekuti pane chinhu chakadai senyeredzi yeNetron. Masayendisiti akatsanangura huwandu hwenhamba dzekudzivirira mune yavo pfungwa yekuumbwa kweNetron inopenya mushure mekuputika kwesimba. Zvidzidzo izvi zvakaratidza kuti radiation inobva kuNetron nyeredzi haina kugadzirirwa nekuda kweiyo isina kukwana mwero wezvemidziyo yeiyo nguva.
1967, Cambridge. Bella jowelin akawana redhiyo redhirowa kubva kune nyeredzi, izvo, zvinoenderana nedunhu remhando yepamusoro uye rinokurumidza kutenderedza, chiitiko chakatungamira pakuvhurwa kwenyeredzi yekutanga neutroni.
Mhando dzeNetroni Nyeredzi
Neutron Space zvinhu zvinopindirana nenyaya yakakomberedza mune maviri makuru maitiro - kutenderera kumhanya uye huwandu hwemagineti munda. Sezvo miviri yakadaro kukura, ivo vanononoka, izvo zvinosanganisira kushaya simba kwemagasheti, saka ivo vakakamurwa kuva akasiyana siyana.
Rondedzero yezvinyorwa zveNetron mune yekuraira nguva yekutenderera:
1) Ejectors:
Yakakwira mwero wemagineti munda uye yakaderera mwero wekuchinja. Padivi rakakosha reradius kutenderera, kumhanya kuri pedyo nechiedza. Ndichisiya miganhu yeradius iyi, munda weDipole unowanzoitika haagoni kushanda, saka, zviga zvinoitika, mushure meizvozvo zvimedu zvemabhadharwe zvinotumirwa kunzvimbo yepakati. Nyeredzi inotanga ku "Eject" (kusunungurwa) real chardistic yakabhadharwa zvimedu. Panyika, majekiseni anoverengerwa kune radio moles.
2) "purope":
Nekuda kwekumhanya kwakadzika kwekuchinja, hapana ejection of zvimedu, nekuda kwekuti izvo zvinoratidzwa mhando yechinhu hachigone kuve radiohulsar. Nekudaro, kumhanya kwakadhindwa kwakakwana kuitira kuti nyaya idonhedze pamusoro pechiso.
3) Actors:
Iko kumhanya kwakaderedzwa zvekuti nyaya yacho yakasununguka inowira pamuviri weNetron, inodziya matanda ayo uye kusimudza tembiricha yemamiriyoni emadhigiri. Kurwira, chinhu chinotanga kuburitsa kupenya, nekuda kweichi chikonzero chezvinhu zvinonzi X-ray pulsars.
4) Georotators:
Kumhanya kwekuchinja kuri diki, iyo isingavhiringidze neakareva. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehukuru hwakakosha hwemagnetosphere, munda wemagineti unomisa plasma isati yasvika giravhiti. Chinhu chakafanana chakafanana chinoitika mumatare epasi epasi.
5) ergoors:
Kutinhira zvinyoronyoro, iyo iripo mhando yezvinhu zveNetron ne ergosphere, iyo kuumbwa kweiyo, zvinonyadziswa, zvinoitika semhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvinotenderera neutroni.
"Magnetic" nyeredzi
Nyeredzi dzekirasi ino dzinoratidzwa nenzvimbo inoshamisa yemagineti iyo mumamirioni enguva inodarika simba rekushandiswa kwemagnet uye trillion times - munda wepasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhayamita yemiviri iyi haina kusiyana neavo vari muNetron shums uye ndeye 10-20 km.Muma1980s ezana ramakore rapfuura, hypothesis yakaonekwa kuti yakapfava yeGamma inodzokorora uye isina kujairika X-ray pulsars akasiyana emhando yepamusoro.
Muna 1979, kuvapo kwezvinhu zviri kukurukurwa kwakatanga kufungidzira muna 1979, apo iyo mbiri dzeSoviet cosmic crones, yakaraswa mumhepo yeVenus, yakashamiswa neiyo gamma gamma radiation. Chiitiko ichi chakatungamira kuchokwadi chekuti masayendisiti akanyora nhamba dzisina kujairika - panzvimbo yeiyo nguva yakajairwa 100 pulses, nhamba dzakaratidzwa mune mazana maviri ezviuru. Chiitiko icho chakaitika chakanzi iyo Inosimba Kwakawanda Mafungu eGrandlar Gamma Radiation kubva paakamboonekwa.
Kufadza chimiro
Vanenge 5% yezvinhu zveNutron zvinoratidzwa neinotevera chimiro: Kuvapo mune mbiri masisitimu - ivo vakabatana kune chena madhiri, hofori dzvuku kana dzimwe nyeredzi dzeNetroni.
Kufunga kwekuvapo kwezvinhu zviviri nyeredzi kwakange kwatanga kuendeswa naJohn Michell muna 1767 muRoya Remangwana: Akacherekedza kuti manyorerwo mazhinji aicherechedzwa zvakapetwa kaviri, ane hukama hwakazara hwemuviri.
Mukutanga kwa2003, vabati veAustralia venhe redhoriyamu vakawana nzira yekutanga mbiri nemapurazi maviri, kureva, inosanganisira maviri akakora ane hukama neutroni.
Nyeredzi dzeNutroni inozivikanwa
Masayendisiti akavhura zviuru zvinopfuura 2000 neutron, 90% yavo nyeredzi, iyo yakasara ine nyeredzi masisitimu. Sekureva kwenharaunda yesainzi, mune yedu girazi inowanikwa kubva pamamirioni zana kusvika kumabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni.Pulsar psr j0740 + 6620 yakasimuka kuti ive huru pane zvese - misa kwayo ndeye 2.17 yehuwandu hwezuva neyakajaira yemakiromita makumi maviri nemashanu. Inowanikwa muna 2019 uye iri mumakore 4600 yechiedza kubva pasi. Kune ingangoita nyeredzi dzishoma chete neutroni, iyo huwandu hweripi rinopfuura zuva rezuva 2. Kuvhurwa kwechinhu kuchabatsira kuumbwa kweAkasati ikagadzirwa nequation - zvichibva pairi ichatsvaga mamiriro ezvinhu mune yakadzika miviri yemisangano yemadzvaro.
Typhon
Muchiitiko chekare, kutaurwa kwechiitiko chechiitiko chinowanzowanikwa kana chinhu chinoshamisa chechinhu chakabhururuka pamusoro pevhu, chinonzi zuva repiri. Kubvarura kubva kune dzakasiyana nharo, zvinokwanisika kufunga kuti muhurongwa hwedu pane muviri wekudenga wehukuru hwehukuru hwehukuru, hunofamba-famba nepakati pekupenya kwemakore mana emakore. Vanhu vekare vakamudaidza kuti titoni, inyoka yemoto, jellyfish gorgon, nezvimwe.
Sezviri pachena, zvinoreva nezveNetroni nyeredzi dze "propeller" mhando "mhando, ine nyaya ine mhedzisiro yekushanduka-shanduka kubva pamasendimitari kubva pamipendero yayo.
Tsanangudzo yekuyamwa kweTyphon kuenda kuApollodor muna 146 BC. e., inokwevera mufananidzo weutsi hweutsi hwakadziviswa nemhete nenyeredzi dzekurohwa kwekurohwa kwengoma dzenyeredzi dzegwenzi. Gomo rakawandisa uye ruoko runyoro kuMadokero uye kumabvazuva. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvemunyori wekare, tifoni yaive yakazara zvizere uye yakatambanudzirwa mabwe akarohwa nemoto.
Pliny mu "Nhoroondo Yakasikwa" 77 makore Ns. Akanyora nezve cometen inotyisa, iyo yakacherechedzwa nevanhu veEtiopia neEgipita. Akatenderera seYula, achidya vanhu uye achiunza mukutya. Typhon, Vladka yenguva iyoyo, akarayira kuti utumire zita remoto nezita rake.
Iyo yambotaurwa inotaura chikamu chimwe chete pane izvo vanhu vekare vanotaura nezvemuviri we cosmic, izvo zvinotyisa uye kumanikidzwa kutarisa mudenga. Nyeredzi yeNetron - pamwe yaive yakakonzera kutya vanhu vekare. Zvisinei, nyeredzi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinhu zvakagara zvichikwezvwa pachako pfungwa dzevanhu, vakafadzwa nekufungidzira uye kumanikidzwa kufunga kuti mune isingaperi cosmos, huwandu husingazivikanwe uye hunodiwa ruzivo.