Isibhakabhaka sasebusuku sobusuku sikhutshiwe ngenani elingenakubalwa. Kwaye phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezikude ukusuka kwi-cradle yoluntu kwaye isasazeke kwindawo engapheliyo yendalo, imingxunya eminyama kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla, zimangalisa ngeempawu zazo, kuba zine ubunzima obunomtsalane ngemilinganiselo engeyiyo yonqulo. Imalunga nantoni inkanyezi ye-neutron, into yeenkwenkwezi eziqhubekayo zokuphazamisa iingqondo zezazinzulu, kwi-24cm ye-24cm.
Kune-NEutron eyahlukileyo kwiqhelekileyo
Iinkwenkwezi zeNeutron zincinci kwaye kwangaxeshanye zinzima - ubunzima bazo zithelekiswa nelanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zigqithile.
Abona bantu bangaqhelekanga
Ngokwezifundo ze-Astrophysists ukusuka eJamani, ubunzima beenkwenkwezi ezingavumiyo ze-neutron zingaphezulu kwamaxesha angaphezu kwamaxesha ama-2, ngelixa iradius yayo iphakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-11 km. Ukuba uthatha itispuni yayo nayiphi na into evela kumphezulu womhlaba-ubunzima bayo bungabi sasala kwikhilogrem, ngelixa umbandela owenziwe ngamathumba alingana nexabiso elilinganayo lamawaka ezigidi zeetoni .
Iinkwenkwezi zeNeutron zicwangciswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umphezulu wazo - okanye i-bark- iquka i-atomic nuclei kunye nee-elektroniki, ivolumu eseleyo iboniswa kwi-play "ye-neutron flue", kwaye isiseko sisembindini. Ubume beelethi buhlulwe bube ngamacandelo amahlanu: umoya, isakhiwo sangaphandle neyangaphakathi se-cortex, i-cortex, i-Over kunye ne-core engaphandle.
Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwento ye-Neutron iinkwenkwezi, ezilingana nomndilili we-10 ^ I-19 kg / m ^ 3, kunye nobukhulu obuncinci buye kwi-Free MPIRE TIDS FIPINION. Ubunzima bomzimba we-cosmic buhle kwaye bukhawuleze bakhawulezisa into yokuwela kuyo, nto leyo kwimeko yokunxibelelana ne-bark, ukubetha kuyakuba ngamandla awongezelelekileyo ngokomsebenzi.
Zivela njani iinkwenkwezi zeNeutron
Izinto zendawo eziqwalaselwayo zivela emva kokuqhushumbana kwe-supernova. Emva kokugqiba inkqubo yendaleko, baphantsi kwe "i-metamorphosis." Kumbuzo wokuba zeziphi iinkwenkwezi zijika zibe yiNeutron, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphendule ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Imizimba ye-cosmic enelanga elaneleyo, umzekelo, njengelanga, liguqulwe laba yimingxunya emhlophe; Ukuba ubuninzi bufikelela uphawu olufunekayo, emva kokuwa, i-luminaire ijika ibe ngumngxunya omnyama, ukuba akunjalo, emva koko kwi-neutron inkanyezi.Isifundo sebali
UNeutron waqala wafunyanwa ngo-1932 nguYakobi Chadwick. Nangona kunjalo, kwanangaphambi kwesi siganeko, isayensi evela kwi-USSR Land Sublion Weau kwi-Work eprintwe kubusika bowe-1931 ixelwe kwangaphambili ukuba ukwaphulwa kwemithetho ye-Quatum yayingakude. I-Theoretist yeOviet yaqinisekiswa ukuba iya kubonakala ifana nale: Xa ukuxinana kwento kubalulekile ukuba amasuntswana asondeleyo aya kunxibelelana.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1933, i-astronomers ezimbini, i-Fritz Zwicks kunye neWalter Bade, ivakalise ingxelo yokuqala eqhubekayo malunga nento yokuba kukho into enjalo njengenkanyezi ye-neutron. Izazinzulu zityumbe inani lezizathu zokhuselo lwento yazo yokwenziwa kwe-neutron ekhanyayo emva kokuqhuma kwe-supernova. Ezi zifundo zibonakalisile ukuba imitha evela kwiiNkanyezi zeNutron azilungiswanga ngenxa yenqanaba elinganeleyo lesixhobo selo xesha.
Ngo-1967, cambridge. I-Joselin Bell ifumene i-radio esuka kwiinkwenkwezi, ezithi, ngokolwazi lwe-neutron ye-NUTRY, ejikelezwe ngokukhawuleza, ngumsitho okhokelwayo kwinkwenkwezi yokuqala ye-neutron.
Iindidi zeenkwenkwezi zeNeutron
Izinto ze-neutron izithuba zinxibelelana nomcimbi ojikelezileyo kwimikhwa emibini ejikelezayo kunye nenqanaba le-magnetic frimu. Njengoko loo mizimba iphuhlile, ihamba kancinci, equka ukonakalisa umhlaba wemagneti, ke zahlulahlulwe zangamacandelo ahlukeneyo.
Uluhlu lwezinto ze-neuttron kwi-odolo yokunciphisa ixesha lokujikeleza:
1) U-Eject:
Inqanaba eliphezulu le-magnetic kunye nenqanaba eliphantsi lokuvukela. Kumgama okhethekileyo wokujikeleza kwendawo, isantya sisondele ukukhanya. Ukushiya imida yale radius, intsimi yesidiliya esiqhelekileyo ayikwazi ukusebenza, ngenxa yoko, kusenzeka, emva kokuba isuswe amasuntswana abizelweyo athunyelwa kwindawo ye-Interstellar. Inkwenkwezi iqala "ukukhupha" (ukukhutshwa) amasuntswana abizelweyo. Emhlabeni, u-ejee wabalwa kwiintliziyo zerediyo.
2) "Iiprovers":
Ngenxa yesantya esisezantsi senguquko, akukho khupha amasuntswana, ukujonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwento engakhange ikwazi ukuba yi-radigalsar. Nangona kunjalo, isantya esiyikisiweyo sanele ukuze ukuba umba awuweli kumphezulu.
3) Abaqeshwa:
Isantya sincitshisiwe kangangokuba umbandela uwela kumzimba kaNeutron, ukhanyisa izibonda zayo kwaye ukhulise ubushushu bezigidi zeedigri. Ukulwa, into iqala ukukhulula ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, ngenxa yesi sizathu izinto ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuba yi-X-ray Pulsars.
4) Ii-georotators:
Isantya senguquko sincinci, esingaphazamisi ukuqinisekiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhethekileyo be-magnesphele, imagnethi imisa iplasma ngaphambi kokuba ibe ngumxhuzulane. I-phenomeno efanayo ivela kwi-magnes-story yomhlaba.
I-5) I-ERGORS:
Indudumo yethiyori, uhlobo olukhoyo lwezinto ze-neuttros kunye ne-ergosre, ukumila kwayo, ngokuqiqayo, kwenzeka, kwenzeka ngenxa yokudityaniswa kweenkwenkwezi ezimbini ezijikelezayo.
"Iinkwenkwezi" zeMagnetic "
Iinkwenkwezi zeli klasi ziphawulwa ngumdlalo we-magnetic omeleleyo kakhulu kwizigidi zamaxesha aphezulu nakuphi na amandla alo naluphi na intsimi yehlabathi. Kwangelo xesha, ububanzi bale mizimba phantse bahluke kwezo zikwiinkululeko kwaye yi-10 ukuya kwi-20 km.Ngo-1980s zenkulungwane edluleyo, i-hypothesis yavela loo ngxelo ye-gamma ethambileyo kunye ne-X-ray engekho ngqiqweni ye-X-ray yintlobo ngeentlobo zemagnemarov.
Ngo-1979, ubukho bezinto eziphantsi koqwalaselo baqala ukuthwala ngo-1979, xa la maxesha mabini aseSosviet, alahliweyo kwimozulu yaseVenus, amangaliswa yimitha ye-gomal gasma. Lo msitho wakhokelela kwinto yokuba izazinzulu zirekhodwe amanani angaqhelekanga-endaweni yendlela eqhelekileyo, amanani abonakaliswa ngamawaka angama-200 ngomzuzwana. Umsitho owenzekileyo wabizwa ngokuba yeyona maza inamandla ye-radiala ye-gamma ye-gamma evela ebusweni obubonwayo.
Ukonwabisa
Malunga ne-5% yezinto ze-neutron zibonakaliswa yile nto ilandelayo: zikhona kwiinkqubo ezibini-ziqhagamshelwe kwiinkqubo ezimhlophe, ezibomvu okanye ezinye iinkwenkwezi ze-neutron.
Ukucinga ukuba ubukho kwindalo yeenkwenkwezi kabini kwakuqala ukuvakaliswa nguJohn Michell ngo-1767 kwiRoyal South: Uye waphawula ukuba uninzi lwe-cosmic luye lwabona luphindwe kabini, lunxibelelwano olupheleleyo lomzimba.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2003, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaseOstreliya zafumana inkqubo yokuqala ephindwe kabini kunye neepulsars ezimbini, oko kukuthi, eziqulathe amabhunga ahambelana ne-Neuttrong.
Iinkwenkwezi ezidumileyo ze-neutron
Izazinzulu zivula zingaphezulu kwe-2000 i-neuttroni, iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo ziinkwenkwezi ezizodwa, ezisele zineenkqubo zenkanyezi. Ngokutsho koPhando ngoluntu lwesayensi, kumnyele wethu ivela kwi-100 yezigidi ukuya kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni ze-neuttronion.I-Pulsar PSR J0740 + 6620 iguqukile ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili kuyo yonke i-2.17 yobunzima belanga ngamanqanaba angama-20-25 eekhilomitha. Ifumaneka ngo-2019 kwaye ikwiminyaka engama-4600 yeminyaka evela emhlabeni. Zimbalwa kuphela iinkanyezi ze-neutron, ubunzima obungaphezulu kwamaxesha ama-2 anelanga. Ukuvulwa kwento kuya kunceda ukwenziwa kuka-A engenzi ukuba yenzekile-ngokusekwe kuyo kuya kuyifumana imeko yezinto ezinzulu zamabhungana.
Typhon
Kwiintsomi zamandulo, ukukhankanywa kwesiganeko se-infnal kufumaneka rhoqo xa indawo engaqhelekanga ingena emhlabeni, yabizwa ilanga lesibini. Ukuqunjelwa kwiimpikiswano ezahlukeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ucinge ukuba kwinkqubo yethu yelanga kukho iqumrhu lasezulwini lobuchwephesha, ezihambahamba kwi-Central Shones iminyaka engamawaka ama-4-5. Izizwe zakudala zambiza i-timoon, inyoka yomlilo, uJelyfish Gorgon, njl.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, ibhekisa kwiinkwenkwezi ze-neutron "zohlobo lwepropu", olona candelo lutshiweyo, ngenxa yeenkqubo zendary, kwaye i-inzulu ikhutshelwe ukuphuma kwegxolo layo.
Inkcazo yokulinganisa kweTyphon kuMhlaba ochazwe ngu-Apollodor nge-146 BC. e., tsala umfanekiso womsi wentsomi ochukunyiswe ngamakhonkco kunye neenkwenkwezi zokubetha kweenkwenkwezi zedrako. Intaba engaphezulu kunye nesandla esithambileyo ukuya entshona nasempuma. Ngokweerekhodi zakudala, i-tifon yayiyiIsayizi enkulu kwaye yawasasaza amatye ajikelezwe ngomlilo.
UPliny kwi "Imbali yeNdalo" iminyaka engama-77 NS. Ubhale malunga nendawo eyoyikisayo, eyabonwa ngabantu base-Ethiopia naseYiputa. Ujikeleze njengoYula, ebophelela abantu kwaye wazisa ngokoyika. I-typhon, iVladyka yelo xesha, iyalele ukuba inike igama lomlilo ngegama lakhe.
Ukukhankanywa okukhankanyiweyo yinxalenye yento eyenzekayo ngabantu bamandulo malunga nomzimba we-cosmic, owoyikisayo kwaye anyanzelwe ukuba aye esibhakabhakeni. Inkanyezi ye-neutron - mhlawumbi yayingunobangela woloyiko lwabantu abaninzi. Ngapha koko, iinkwenkwezi kunye nezinye izinto zendawo bezihlala zinomdla kubo umdla woluntu, zathandabuza umboniso, zinomdla kwaye zanyanzeleka ukuba zicinge ukuba kwi-cosmos engapheliyo, efuna ulwazi.