Sluss Ijuru Ijoro ryuzuye hamwe numubare utabarika winyenyeri. Kandi mubintu byubwoko bwose kure yabantu kandi bitatanye mumwanya utagira akagero, galaxy, imiyoboro yirabura n'ibindi bintu byirabura, bitangaje nibiranga, kuko bifite an misa itangaje ifite ibipimo bitari byo mu madini. Nukujyanye ninyenyeri neutron, ikintu cyikirere gikomeje guhungabanya ibitekerezo byabahanga bahimbye, mubikoresho 24cm.
Kuruta inyenyeri neutron zitandukanye nibisanzwe
Inyenyeri neutron ni nto cyane kandi icyarimwe iremereye - ubwinshi bwabo bugereranywa n'izuba, kandi rimwe na rimwe birabyarenze.
Abahanzi badasanzwe
Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwa astrophysictist bo mu Budage, inyenyeri zidashaka rimwe na rimwe zirenze ubwinshi bw'izuba mu bihe birenga 2, mu gihe Radiyo wabo ari km 10-20. Niba ufashe ikiyiko cyibintu byose uhereye ku isi - ubwinshi bwayo ntibuzaba kikiriho, mugihe ikibazo cyimbuto imwe cyakuwe mu mara ya newron nyinshi cyane ya toniels zingana na miriyari .
Inyenyeri za Neutron zitunganijwe nkibi bikurikira: Ubuso bwabo - cyangwa ibishishwa bya atomic na electrons, ubunini busigaye butangwa muburyo bwa "neutron amazi", kandi core iherereye hagati. Imiterere y'ibice bigabanijwemo ibice bigabanijwemo ibice bitanu: ikirere, imiterere yo hanze n'imbere ya cortex, hanze na core yimbitse.
Bitewe nubucucike bwinshi bwibintu bya Neutron, bingana nintebe 10 ^ 19 kg / m ^ 3, kandi ubunini buto bwashizweho kugirango yihutishe kugwa hejuru, aruta isi miliyari 100. Uburemere bwumubiri nkuyu ni bwinshi kandi bwihutire cyane ikintu kigwa kuri yo, kirimo guhura nikibabi, inkoni izaba imbaraga zihita zigabana ibintu kuri neutrons.
Uburyo Neutron Stars igaragara
Ibikoresho byo mu kirere bisuzumwa byatangiriye nyuma yo guturika kwa supernova. Nyuma yo kurangiza inzira y'ihindagurika, bakorerwa "metamorphose nyinshi." Ku kibazo cy'inyenyeri zihinduka Neutron, birashoboka gusubiza ibi bikurikira: Imibiri yo mu kirere ifite misa idahagije, urugero nk'izuba, ikuraho izuba riva; Niba ubwinshi bugera kuri Mariko isabwa, nyuma yo gusenyuka, Luminaire ahindukira umwobo wirabura, niba atariyo, hanyuma mu nyenyeri ya Neutron.Kwiga inkuru
Neutron yavumbuwe bwa mbere mu 1932 na James Chadwick. Ariko, na mbere yibi birori, umuhanga mu bihugu bya Mansr mu bikoresho byayo mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1931 cyahanuye ko kurenga ku mategeko ya Shitani ya Quanishi itari kure. Ubumenyi bwabahanga mu Busoviyeti bwijeje ko buzagaragara kuri ibi: Iyo ubucucike bwibintu ari bunini kuburyo ibice bya atome bizahuza hafi, gushiraho intangiriro imwe izabaho.
Mu ntangiriro za 1933, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere, Fritz Zwicks na Walte Baade, bavuga ko amagambo ya mbere ashikamye yerekeye ko hari ikintu nk'inyenyeri ya neutron. Abahanga mu bya siyansi batoranije impamvu nyinshi zo kurengera igitekerezo cyabo cyo gushiraho Neutron bikaba bimurika nyuma yo guturika kwa supernova. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imirasire ituruka muri Neutron inyenyeri ntizikosorwa kubera urwego rudahagije rwibikoresho bya optique byiki gihe.
1967, Cambridge. Joselin Bell yavumbuye radio impongo zikomoka ku nyenyeri, ukurikije amakuru yuyu munsi, ashyizwe mubyiciro bya neutron byihutirwa kandi bizunguruka uruzitiro rwa neutron cyane, rwitwa Falsic COSMIDS, yitwa Pulsic Cuntron.
Ubwoko bwa Neutron Stars
Ibikoresho bya Neutron bikora hamwe nibintu bikikije mubipimo bibiri byingenzi - umuvuduko wo kuzunguruka nurwego rwumurima wa rukuruzi. Nkuko imibiri nkiyi itera imbere, bahinduka buhoro, bikubiyemo intege nke zumurima wa rukuruzi, nuko bagabanijwe muburyo butandukanye.
Urutonde rwibintu bya Neutron murutonde rwo kugabanya igihe cyo kuzunguruka:
1) Abashitsi:
Urwego rwo hejuru rwumurima wa rukuru nuruzinduko rwinshi. Kuri radiyo idasanzwe yo kuzunguruka umurima, umuvuduko uri hafi yumucyo. Gusiga imipaka yiyi radiyo, umurima usanzwe ntushobora gukora rero, ibiti bibaho, nyuma yimiterere yashizwemo yoherejwe mumwanya wa Interstellar. Inyenyeri itangira "gusohora" (kurekura) Outlatique yashizwemo ibice. Kw'isi, abashitsi babarwa kuri radiyo.
2) "Inyungu":
Bitewe numuvuduko ukabije wa revolisiyo, nta gutondekanya ibice, urebye ubwoko bwikintu gifatwa nkibishobora kuba radiohulsar. Ariko, umuvuduko wahamagaye urahagije kugirango ikibazo kitagwa hejuru.
3) Abamenyereye:
Umuvuduko wagabanutse cyane kuburyo ikibazo kigwa mu mubiri wa neutron, gishyushya inkingi zacyo no kuzamura ubushyuhe bwa dogere miliyoni. Kurwana, ibintu bitangira gusohora urumuri rwinshi, kuko iyi mpamvu ibintu nkibi byitwa x-ray pulsars.
4) georotator:
Umuvuduko w'imyandikire ni muto, utungamira iyo ngabo. Ariko, kubera ubunini bwihariye bwa magnetostesphere, umurima wa magneti uhagarika plasma mbere yuko bukomera. Ibintu nkibi bibaho muri magnesi yisi.
5) ibibi:
Inkuba, kumva neza, ubwoko bwa Neutron ibintu hamwe na Ergosifere, imiterere yabyo, birashoboka, bibaho nkibisubizo byinyenyeri ebyiri zizunguruka.
"Magnetic" inyenyeri
Inyenyeri zo muri iri shuri zirangwa numurima ukomeye ukomeye wa rukuruzi kuburyo muri miriyoni irenze imbaraga za rukuruzi zamavuko na tiriyari - umurima wisi. Muri icyo gihe, diameter yiyi mibiri ntabwo atandukanye nabari muri Neutron shums kandi ni km 10-20.Mu myaka ya za 1980, hypothesise yagaragaye ko umunyamashuri woroshye wa gamma na X-ray pulsars idasanzwe ni magnetarov itandukanye.
Mu 1979, kubaho kw'ibitekerezo bisuzumwa no gutangira gukekwa mu 1979, igihe Abadepite bombi bo muri Soviet bajugunywe mu mwuka wa Venusi, batangajwe n'imirasire nini ya game. Iki gikorwa cyateje ko abahanga banditse imibare idasanzwe - aho kuba ibisanzwe 100 100, imibare yerekanwe mu gihumbi kuri buri cya kabiri. Ibirori byabaye byiswe umuraba ukomeye cyane wimirasire ya gamma yiruka kuva kera.
Gushimisha Ibiranga
Hafi ya 5% yibintu birangwa nibiranga bikurikira: kubaho muri sisitemu ebyiri - bahujwe na dwarf yera, ibihangange bitukura cyangwa izindi nyenyeri nziza.
Igitekerezo cyo kuboneka mu isanzure cy'inyenyeri ebyiri zabaye bwaravuzwe bwa mbere na 1767 muri sosiyete y'ibwami: Yavuze ko indwara nyinshi zo mu kirere zagaragaye nka kabiri, gira ihuza ryuzuye.
Mu ntangiriro ya 2003, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere ba Australiya babonye sisitemu ya mbere hamwe na palsari ebyiri, ni ukuvuga igizwe n'imibiri ibiri iteye inyenzi zijyanye na neutroni.
Inyenyeri zizwi
Abahanga bafunguye ibintu birenga 2000, 90% muribo ni inyenyeri imwe, ibisigaye bigizwe na sisitemu yinyenyeri. Ukurikije ubushakashatsi n'umuryango wa siyansi, muri Galaxy yacu iherereye kuva kuri miliyoni 100 kugeza kuri miliyari 1 neutron.Pulsar PSR J0740 + 6620 yahindutse kuba mukuru muri bose - misa yacyo ni 2.17 ya misa yizuba afite diameter ya 20-25. Iboneka muri 2019 kandi iherereye mumyaka 4600 yo mucyo kuva hasi. Hano hari inyenyeri nke gusa, misa ya zirenze izuba 2. Gufungura ikintu bizafasha gushiraho ibipimo bitaragaragara - bishingiye kuri byo bizamenya uko ibintu bimeze mubwimbitse bwumubiri wa neutron.
Inkubi y'umuyaga
Mu migani ya kera, kuvuga ibirori byihutirwa bitabonetse inshuro nyinshi iyo ikintu kidasanzwe cyagurutse hejuru yubutaka, cyitwa izuba rya kabiri. Kwiyambura impaka zitandukanye, birashoboka gufata ko muri sisitemu yizuba hari umubiri wo mwijuru, uzenguruka hejuru yumucyo winjiriro wimyaka 4-5. Abantu ba kera bamwitaga Tito, inzoka yumuriro, Jellyfish Gorgon, nibindi.
Ikigaragara ni uko byerekana ubwoko bwa Neutron bwo "moterillet", ikibazo cyayaga cyatewe no gutunganya ubwihindurize, kandi misa yagabanutse nyuma yo kubyuka neutron.
Ibisobanuro byo Kugereranya Tinphon ku isi byavuzwe na Apollodor mu 146 BC. e., gushushanya ishusho yumwotsi wumwotsi ukingiwe nimpeta ninyenyeri za stroke yinyenyeri. Umusozi urenze urugero hamwe n'ukuboko kworoheje mu burengerazuba no mu burasirazuba. Dukurikije inyandiko z'umwanditsi wa kera, Tifon yari ifite ubunini buhebuje kandi akwirakwiza amabuye aruhura n'umuriro.
Pliny muri "Amateka Kamere" imyaka 77 Ns. Yanditse ku nyangirwa ubwoba, yubahirizwa n'abantu ba Etiyopiya na Egiputa. Yazunguye nka Yula, ariga abantu kandi atangiza ubwoba. Typhon, Vladyka w'icyo gihe, yategetse kuvuga izina rya firball n'izina rye.
Ibitekerezo byavuzwe ni igice cyibyo abantu ba kera bavuga ku mubiri w'isi, utontomera kandi uhatirwa kwitegereza mu kirere. Inyenyeri ya Neutron - Ahari niyo nyirabayazana wo gutinya abantu ba kera. Ibyo ari byo byose, inyenyeri n'ibindi bintu byatumye abantu bakwegeranya abantu, bashimishijwe no gutekereza, bashimishijwe kandi bagahatirwa gutekereza ko muri cosmo itagira ingano kandi bakeneye ubumenyi.