Ubuzima
Stanley Milgram numuheko wumunyabwenge wumuhanga wakoze ubushakashatsi kugirango usobanure ibintu byo kumvira no kugandukira. Umushakashatsi kandi Umwanditsi w'igitabo yari afite impamyabumenyi ya Harvard, yigishije muri kaminuza ya Yale na New York. Milnguma afite uburyo bwo kurema seaniide. Yize imbuga nkoranyambaga n'amahuza, kimwe n'inyigisho za Handhakes zitandatu.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Stanley yavukiye i New York ku ya 15 Kanama 1933. Umuhungu yabaye impuzandengo y'abana batatu yakuriye mu muryango. Ababyeyi be, Abayahudi mu bwenegihugu, bimukiye ku ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Ahantu hashya, Midgram yinjije no kuba bakomeje imigati.
Umusore wize kuri Jas James Monroe i Bronx. Mu 1954, yabaye ingaragu ya siyanse ya politiki, amaze kurangiza amashuri ya Queens-kaminuza. Kugira ngo amenyereze, umusore yahisemo kaminuza ya Brooklyn, aho yibanze kuri psychologiya. Hanyuma yatanze icyifuzo kuri Harvard kandi yabanje kwakira kwanga, ariko nyuma yaje kwiyandikisha mu kigo cy'uburezi.
Midgram yari azi ibizamini byose bibabaje n'iyicarubozo, barokotse bene wabo bahohotewe na jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi. Bari imfungwa z'inkambi kandi bafite ubukorikori, bahamya kuba ahantu ho. Ibitekerezo byabonetse na Stanley kuri iyi shingiro byagize uruhare rushize muburyo bwe nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umugore Stanler Milgram yise Alexandre. Ubukwe bw'abakundana bwabaye mu 1961. Abashakanye babonye umunezero mubuzima bwe bwite kandi bazamura umukobwa numuhungu we.Psychologiya n'ibitabo
Mu 1961, Job yabaye umuganga wa psychologiya mbonezamubano. Kuva mu 1963 kugeza 1966, nk'umufasha, umwarimu muri Harvard Stanley yakoraga amasezerano yimyaka 3, nyuma yongerewe undi mwaka. Mu 1967, yakiriye umwarimu wa kaminuza ya New York, aho yishyuye kugeza mu 1984.
Mu 1963, Stanley Milgram yakoze ubushakashatsi bwo kugandukira ububasha yakiriye igihembo cya Aaa. Mu 1974, urumuri rwabonye igitabo cyeguriwe ubushakashatsi. Intangiriro yikizamini cyari mubutumire bwa laboratoire kugirango uruhare rugaragare mu ifu ryeguriwe kwibuka. Ikigeragezo cyagombaga kwigisha umufatanyabikorwa mumashyirahamwe yamagambo akoresheje isohoka kumashanyarazi.
Mugihe cyo guhubuka, abitabiriye amahugurwa basobanukiwe ko hari ibitagenda neza, kandi "umunyeshuri" yasabye kumureka. Umuteguro yasabye gukomeza iyicarubozo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, 65% by'ibintu byaviriyemo ibyumviro bidashimishije cyane.
Nk'uko byatangajwe na Millagramu, ishingiro ryo kumvira ni ugusohoza undi muntu, ubwaryo ubwayo kubibera. Inyungu zirashobora guterwa n'ikinyabupfura, ubugome bukabije bwo kwanga, gushishikazwa n'inshingano n'indi mpamvu. Guhuza, ukurikije ibitekerezo bye, bisobanura guhindura imyitwarire nkibisubizo byigitutu. Inyungu z'ubushakashatsi zatanze ubumenyi ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Ubudage bw'Ubudage. Banenze kunegura kandi batera gushidikanya bitewe no kudahuza ibintu bigeragejwe mubihe nyabyo.
Mu bushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho, izina "isi ya Tesne", Stanley Millak, hamwe na Jeffrey arenze, yasobanuye icyo cyitwa Intoki esheshatu. Dukurikije, buri muntu azi undi kugeza 5 hagati. Ibitekerezo bya psychologue byashimangiye ubushakashatsi. Yohereje parceli 160 kubatuye umujyi batandukanye bo mumujyi wa Omaha, basaba kwimurira inshuti ishobora gutanga umusanzu mugutanga umupira wamaguru muri Boston.
Abitabiriye amahugurwa bashoboraga kwitabaza ubufasha bwumuntu umenyereye wagaragaje amategeko yimikoranire. Parcelle ya mbere yageze ku ntego nyuma yiminsi 4 no mumayeri abiri. Iminyururu yo kugeragezwa zose muri buri rubanza yarimo kuva mu bitabiriye 2 kugeza 10.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwa prensiologiste y'imibereho narwo rwaranenzwe, nkuko abatavuga rumwe na leta bizeraga ko adutude angana na Handhakes zirenga atandatu. Muri 2008, Microsoft yakoze ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo, bwerekanye ko urunigi rusa ni impuzandengo y'abantu 6.6.
Igeragezwa rya MilGrama "yatakaje ibaruwa" yapimye inyungu zishobora kubandi bantu batamenyereye. Inzandiko nyinshi zerekana abandi bahari bari basinziriye ahantu rusange. "Yoherejwe" ku bantu n'abantu b'abantu bimuriwe kubashobora kubaha, n'amashyirahamwe asuzuguritse mu magambo yari agenewe, bityo ntibabyakiriye.
Amatsiko kandi uburambe bwakozwe n'abahanga mu 1970-1971 kugirango asobanure isano ya tereviziyo n'imyitwarire ya ASocial. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bashoboraga kwiba amafaranga no kubatamba cyangwa kuguma kuruhande. Mugari, umenyereye urukurikirane rwa televiziyo mbere ya TV "ikigo nderabuzima", cyafashe icyemezo hashingiwe kuri mediamterial.
Mu 1977, Stanley Milgram yatangiye gushakisha Siranoide, yahumekewe n'ibitekerezo bijyanye no guhuza umubiri n'ubwenge. Mbere yitabira abakuze nabandi benshi, umugabo wakoresheje gutwi ko gusubiza ibibazo. Siranoid yerekanye indagihe zitigeze zibaho kandi zigatangiza abarizwa bakobaga bayobokaga n'uburiganya, batabitekereje. Nyuma yigitekerezo cyumuganga wa psychologue, uburyo bwa Siraid bushobora kuba ingirakamaro mukwiga imyitwarire mbonezamubano no kwitonda.
Urupfu
Stanley Milgram ntabwo yabaye mu itumba ryo mu 1984. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umushakashatsi yari igitero cy'umutima, byaje kuba uwa gatanu. Yapfiriye i New York, asiga umupfakazi n'abana atitaye.Bibliografiya
- 1963 - "Kwiyegurira: Ubushakashatsi bwimyitwarire"
- 1965 - "Kurekura ingaruka z'igitutu cy'itsinda"
- 1974 - "Kugandukira Ubuyobozi: Kubona Ubumenyi n'imyitwarire"
- 1977 - "Umuntu ku miyoboro ya societe. Ubushakashatsi ku mikorere yo kuganduka "