Biography
UStanley I-Milgram ngugqirha wezengqondo yaseMelika oye wenza uvavanyo ukuchaza eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthobela kunye nokungacheba. Umphandi kunye noMbhali wencwadi wayenesidanga se-Harvard, efundiswe kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York. IMilgruma ingumnini wendlela yokudala ilwandle. Wafunda uthungelwano kunye nonxibelelwano, kunye nethiyori ye-handers ezintandathu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UStanley wazalelwa eNew York nge-15 ka-Agasti, 1933. Inkwenkwe yaba ngumndilili wabantwana abathathu abakhuzwe kusapho. Abazali bakhe, amaJuda ngobuzwe, afudukele kwimfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala. Kwindawo entsha, i-mingam yafumana inyani yokuba bagcina ubhaka.
Umfana wafunda kuJames Monroe eBronx. Ngo-1954, waba yi-bachelor yenzululwazi yezopolitiko, emva kokuphumelela eQueens-College. Kwimfundo eyongezelelweyo, lo mfana wakhetha iKholeji yaseBrooklyn, apho wagxila kwi-psychology. Emva koko wafaka isicelo eHarvard kwaye ekuqaleni wafumana ukwala, kodwa kamva yafunyanwa ibhaliswe kwiziko lemfundo.
I-Milgram yazi ngazo zonke iimvavanyo ezimbi kakhulu kunye nokuhlukunyezwa, zasinda ziizalamane zakhe ezazingamaxhoba okuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkani. Babengamabanjwa eenkampu zoxinaniso kwaye babe nenkani, bangqina ukuba zezondawo. Iimpembelelo ezifunyenwe nguStanley kwesi siseko zidlale indima yokugqibela kwibhayiloji yakhe kunye nophando olulandelayo lwenzululwazi.
Ubomi Buqu
Umfazi uStanley Milgram ebizwa ngokuba yiAlexander. Umtshato wabathandi wenzeka ngo-1961. Esi sibini safumana ulonwabo kubomi bakhe buqu kwaye saphakamisa intombi yakhe nonyana.I-Psychology kunye neencwadi
Ngo-1961, i-mingam yaba ngugqirha wezengqondo yengqondo. Ukususela ngo-1963 ukuya ku-1966, njengoMncedisi, uNjingalwazi waseHarvard Stanley wenza imvumelwano yeminyaka emi-3, kamva yandiswa komnye unyaka. Ngo-1967, wafumana unjingalwazi weDyunivesithi yaseNew York, apho wayekufundisa kude kube ngo-1984.
Ngo-1963, i-Stanley Milgram yaqhuba isifundo malunga nokungenisa kwigunya apho wafumana ibhaso leaas. Ngo-1974, ukukhanya kwabona incwadi ezinikezelwe kuvavanyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yovavanyo yayikwisimemo sesifundo kwilebhu yokuthatha inxaxheba kwinhlamo enikezelwe kwimemori. Ukuvavanywa kwakufuneka kufundise iqabane kwiMibutho yamazwi esebenzisa ukukhutshwa kombane.
Ngexesha lencopho yothuke, umthathi-nxaxheba wayeqonda ukuba kukho into engalunganga, kwaye "umfundi" wacela ukuba ahambe. Umququzeleli wacela ukuqhubeka kwentshutshiso. Ngenxa yoko, iipesenti ezingama-65 zezifundo zikhokelele kwiimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo ezingathandekiyo phantsi kwempembelelo yelinye ilizwe.
Ngokutsho kweMiligram, eyona nto yokuthobela kukuphumeza ukuthanda abanye, ngoxanduva lwento eyenzekayo. Isibonelelo sinokucaphukiswa ngentlonelo, ukungakhathali okoko kwala ukwala, umdla emsebenzini kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuvumelana, ngokwelizwi lakhe, kuthetha utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha njengesiphumo soxinzelelo. Inzala yophando yasebenza ngovavanyo lweJamani yamaNazi. Baye bagxeka kwaye babangele ukubangela amathandabuzo ngenxa yokungangqinelani kweemeko zovavanyo lweemeko zokwenyani.
Kwisifundo esilandelayo, igama elithi "Ilizwe laseTesne", uStanley Mirgram, kunye neJeffrey Pits, echaze ithiyori ebizwa ngokuba yi-hander hards. Ngokuhambelana nayo, umntu ngamnye uyazi enye ukuya kwi-5 ephakathi. Ukuqiqa kwengcali yengqondo kwalomeleza uvavanyo. Uthumele iipasile ezili-160 kubahlali abahlukeneyo besiXeko saseOmaha, becela ukuba batshintshele kumhlobo onokuba negalelo ekuhanjisweni kweBrokor kwi-boston.
Abathathi-nxaxheba banokubhenela kuncedo lomntu oqhelekileyo owenzayo kwimithetho yentsebenzo. Ipasile yokuqala yafikelela kwinjongo emva kweentsuku ezi-4 nangoobabini. Imixokelelwane yovavanyo lonke kwityala ngalinye liqukwe kwi-2 ukuya kwi-10.
Olu phononongo lwengqondo yengqondo yagxekwa, njengabachasi babekholelwa ukuba i-amllitu Ngo-2008, iMicrosoft yaqhuba isifundo efanayo, eqinisekisile ukuba ikhonkco elifanayo lingumndilili we-6.6.
Uvavanyo lwe-miligrama "Ileta elahlekileyo" ilinganiswa izibonelelo zomsebenzi omnye komnye kubantu abangaqhelekanga. Iileta ezininzi ezibonisa izongezelelo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. "Ithunyelwe" ebantwini kwaye imibutho eshukumayo yatshintshelwa kubamkeli abanokubakho, kunye nemibutho ephantsi ngayo indawo yenxalenye yeendaba zenzelwa, ngenxa yoko babengawamkeli.
Ukufuna ukwazi kunye namava okuqhutywa ziinzululwazi ngo-1970-1971 ukuze kuchaze ubudlelwane beTV kunye nendlela yokuziphatha evakalayo. Abathathi-nxaxheba banokubamba imali kwaye babingelele kubele okanye bahlale ecaleni. Ibanzi, iqhelene nothotho olulungiselelwe kwangaphambili lweProjekthi yeTV ethi "IZiko lezoNyango", lenze isigqibo kwisiseko semibutho yokungena.
Ngo-1977, i-Stanley Milgram yaqalisa ukuphonononga iSiranoids, iphefumlelwe ngumbono wokuncipha komzimba kunye nengqondo. Phambi kokuba abathathi-nxaxheba babengaphambi kokuba babe ngabafundisi-ntsapho, indoda eyayisebenzisa indlebe iphone ngemibuzo yokuphendula imibuzo. USiranoid ubonise ukuphoxeka okungazange ngaphambili kwaye wazisa abadibeneyo bephosa inkohliso ngenkohliso, abangazange bathethe. Emva kwembono ye-pschologistl i-psychologist, indlela uSiranoid inokuba luncedo ukufundisisa indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokuzibona.
Ukufa
UStanley Milgram akazange abe ebusika bowe-1984. Unobangela wokufa komphandi yayiluhlaselo lwentliziyo, oluye lo ngowesihlanu. Wasweleka eNew York, eshiya umhlolokazi kunye nabantwana bakhe bengakhathali.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1963 - "Ukungenisa: UPhando lokuziphatha"
- Ngo-1965- "Khupha iziphumo zoxinzelelo lweqela"
- Ngo-1974 - "Ukungenisa Igunya: Imbono Yesayensi yamandla kunye nokuziphatha"
- Ngo-1977 - "umntu ngamnye kwinethiwekhi yoluntu. Iimvavanyo kwiindlela zokungenisa "