Ubuzima
Ku ya 27 Mutarama 1942, ingingo ya Peter Lidova "Tanya" yasohotse mu kinyamakuru "Pravda". Igishushanyo cyabwiwe n'urupfu rw'intwari rw'abasore Komsofoskaya, abapiganyi bita izina rya Tanya mugihe cy'iyicarubozo. Umukobwa yafashe Abadage kandi amanikwa ku kibanza cyo mu mudugudu wa Petrishchev, mu nkengero. Nyuma byashobokaga gushyiraho izina: byagaragaye kose Komsomolka zoya kosmodemyanskaya. Umukobwa witwa izina rya Tanya yibuka ikigirwamana, intwari y'intambara y'abenegihugu Tatiana Solomakh.Nta gisekuru kimwe cy'urubyiruko rwa SEVIET rwiyongereye ku karorero k'ubutwari, kwitanga no kwitanga no kwihangana kw'abasore, nka zosmodemyanskaya, watanze ubuzima kurwana na Fashiste ku rugamba rukomeye. Abasore bari bazi ko, birashoboka cyane ko bazapfa. Ntibakeneye icyamamare - bakijije igihugu cyabo. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya yabaye umugore wa mbere wakiriye umutwe wintwari yubumwe bwa Soviet (nyuma yinyandiko) mugihe cyintambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu.
Ubwana
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya yavutse ku ya 13 Nzeri 1923 mu mudugudu wa Osinov Gai, akarere ka Gavrilovsky wo mu karere ka Tambokiye. Urukundo rwa Mama Timofeevna (muri Majekova's Hijikova) na Padiri Anatoly Petrovich bakoraga nkabarimu bishuri.
Padiri Anatolia yize igihe runaka muri Seminari yo mu mwuka. Yazamutse mu muryango w'umupadiri Peter JohnVONVICH KOZMODEMIESTKY, wakoreraga mu itorero ryo mu mudugudu wa Osin musore wa Osin. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1918, mu gufasha abapadiri b'ubworozi, Bolsheviks yarababajwe n'urupfu. Umurambo wabonetse nyuma y'amezi atandatu gusa. Padiri yashyinguwe n'urukuta rw'itorero rya ZISTVY, aho serivisi iyobowe.
Mu mudugudu, umuryango wa Zoe wabayeho 1929, hanyuma, uhunga i Donosos, bimukira muri Siberiya, mu mudugudu wa Shttleino mu karere ka Shttleino Irkutsk. Ngaho umuryango wabaga umwaka urenga. Mu 1930, mukuru wa Olga, wakoraga muri komisari y'abaturage, yafashije Kosmodemyansky kwimukira i Moscou. I Moscou, umuryango wabaga mu nkengero, hafi ya sitasiyo hafi ya Moscou, mu gace ka Parike ya Timyanyi. Kuva 1933 nyuma y'urupfu rwa se (Dapa yapfuye nyuma yo kubagwa mu mara) Zoya hamwe na murumunawe Sasha yagumye batatu muri bo.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya yarangije amashuri ya 9 y'amashuri ya 201 (ubu ni Gymnasium Nowa yitiriwe Zoe na Alexander Kosmodemyah) umujyi wa Moscou. Yize "byiza"; Yakundaga inkuru nubuvanganzo, arota kwinjiza ikigo cyubuvanganzo. Kubera imiterere itaziguye, ururimi rusanzwe rufite urungano rwabonetse.
Kuva mu 1939, dukurikije kwibuka nyina, Zoya yarwaye indwara ziterwa n'ihungabana. Mu mpera za 1940, Zoya yarwaye hamwe na meningite ityaye. Mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1941, nyuma yo gukira bikabije, imbaraga zagiye muri Sokolniki, mu kigo cy'abantu, abarwayi bafite indwara zifite ubwoba. Ngaho nasanze aziranye kandi agira inshuti numwanditsi andwady Gaidar.
Kugira ngo ube impamo ejo hazaza ya Zoe, kimwe na bagenzi, byabujije intambara. Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, hamwe n'abakorerabushake 2000 baturutse muri Kombemol, baje muri cinema ya Colossemu, aho yagiye mu mahugurwa ya mbere yo guhugura mu ishuri rya Sabotage mu ishuri rya Sabotage. Ibikoresho byakozwe mu ishuri ry'abanyeshuri ejo. Ibyifuzo byahawe abakinnyi: Yurik, gukomera, gukomera, gushobora kandi kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye (abantu nkabo bitwaga "abantu bafite" abantu bongereye pANCY ").
Iyo winjiye mu ishuri, abinjira nibujijwe ko mu bikorwa bya Sabotage kugeza 5% barokoka. Abapiganyi benshi barapfuye, bafatwa ku badage iyo bakora igitero cy'ifuro mu maso y'uwo muhanganye.
Nyuma yo kwitegura, Zaya yabaye umunyamuryango wubwenge no gusomana igice cyiburengerazuba kandi atererana inyuma yumwanzi. Igikorwa cya mbere cyo kurwana cya Zoe cyagenze neza. Mu rwego rwo gucana itsinda ryacukuye umuhanda hafi ya volokolamsk.
Feat Kosmodemyanskaya
Kosmodemyanskaya yahawe nshya kurwana inshingano, aho mu gihe gito, partisans bari ategeka guturira mudugudu wa Anashkino, Gribsovo, Petrishchevo, Usadkovo, Ilyatino, Grachev, Pushkino, Mikhailovskoye, Bugailovo, Korovina. Gutesha agaciro abarwanyi, amacupa menshi afite imvange zikaba. Inshingano nk'izo z'Abafaransa zatanzwe hakurikijwe itegeko ry'uko umuyobozi w'ikirenga wa Sparin Stalin No 0428. Byari politiki yo "igihugu cyateye": umwanzi yatumye habaho igitero gikomeye ku mpande zose, kandi kutinda kuzamurwa mu ntera, Ibintu byubuzima byasenyutse munzira.Dukurikije benshi, ibyo byari ibikorwa by'ubugome cyane kandi bidafite ishingiro, ariko byasabwaga mu ntambara iteye ubwoba - Abadage bari begereye Moscou. Ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 1941, ku munsi wo gusohoka mu gikorwa cyabaturage batandukanye - Abaskuti b'imbere bayoboye intambara zikomeye mu cyerekezo cya Stalinogork, mu karere ka volokolamsk, Mozharetsk.
Gukora umurimo, amatsinda abiri yabantu 10 agaragara: Itsinda B. S. Khorinov (imyaka 19) na P. S. Promorova (imyaka 18), irimo Kosmodemyanskaya. Munsi yumudugudu wa Golkovo, amatsinda yombi yari mu gico, igihombo: bamwe muri saboteurs barishwe, kandi abafaransa bamwe barafatwa. Abarwanyi basigaye bunze ubumwe kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'iki gikorwa ryakomeje munsi yikipe ya Kriunov.
Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 27 Ugushyingo, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, hamwe Boris Krhinov na Vasili, nshyize umuriro Petrishchev (mudugudu byakozwe gutwara German ya Abadage) amazu atatu ko bafite isano ipfundo, na Abadage bari quartered imbere Kohereza imbere. Kandi yasenye amafarashi 20 agenewe gutwara.
Kugira ngo akomeze kuba ishyirwa mu bikorwa, abasabana bakusanyirijwe ahantu hemewe, ariko Crane ntabwo yategereje ababo bagasubira mu nkambi. Clikov yafashe Abadage. Zoya yahisemo gukomeza umurimo.
Ubunyage n'iyicarubozo
Ku ya 28 Ugushyingo, nyuma y'umwijima w'umwijima, umusore Patisan yagerageje gutwika imitwe ya Swiridov, yahaye amajoro ya Fashiste, ariko yarabonetse. Swirida yazamuye impuruza. Abagore bata muri yombi abakobwa batawe muri yombi. Mu gihe cyo gufungwa, Zoya ntiyarase. Mbere y'inshingano, yahaye intwaro y'umukobwa w'umukobwa, Claudia Miloradova, wazaga ku kazi mbere. Pistolet ya Claudia yari ifite amakosa, bityo yoe yatanze imbunda yizewe.
Duhereye ku buhamya bw'abatuye Petrishchevo Vasily na Praskovt Kulik, mu nzu yayoboye Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, bizwi ko ibanziriza Abayobozi batatu b'Abadage bafite umusemuzi. Yambuwe kandi akurikiranye n'umukandara, yirukanye gukwirakwira mu mbeho. Nk'uko Abatangabuhamya babivuga, Abadage bananiwe kunyaga amakuru ku bakobwa bakomoka kumukobwa, ndetse no kwica urubozo. Ikintu kivugwa, cyitwa izina rya Tanya.
Abatangabuhamya bagaragaje ko abaturage baho bo muri A. V. V. V. D. Disnina, bakomerekejwe n'amazu yabo bava muri Arsins y'abagore mu iyicaruboro. Nyuma bakatiwe kurasa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 193 y'amategeko ahana ya RSFR ku bufatanye na Fashiste mu gihe cy'intambara.
Casman
Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 29 Ugushyingo 1941, yarakubiswe, akoresheje amaguru akonje, Kosmerishanskaya Kosmodemyanskaya yazanye mu muhanda. Ngaho, Abadage bamaze gutegura imiti. Isanduku y'umukobwa amanika ikimenyetso mu kirusiya n'Ikidage cyanditswe ngo: "Amazu y'inzu". Abadage benshi n'abaherere bateraniye ku nzego. Abashitsi bafotowe. Muri ako kanya, umukobwa avuza induru:"Abenegihugu! Ntugahagarare, ntukarebe. Birakenewe gufasha kurwanya ingabo zitukura, kandi ku rupfu rwacu ruzahindura abashakashatsi b'Abadage. Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti ntizitsindwa kandi ntizitsindwa. "Ubutwari budasanzwe ni uguhagarara ku nkombe z'imva kandi, utatekereje ku rupfu, hamagara ubwitange. Muri ako kanya, igihe Zoe yambaraga ku ijosi, avuza induru y'ijambo:
Ati: "Turamanika angahe, abantu bose ntibabaho, turi miliyoni 170. Ariko kuri njye, bagenzi bacu bazagoreka. "Ntabwo nabonye umwanya wo kuvuga ikindi.
Hannored Komsomol Amatariki ntabwo yarashwe ahabigenewe ukwezi. Hejuru yumubiri wakozwe byakomeje gusebya abashimishije banyura mu mudugudu. Ku mugoroba mushya wa 1942, ibyuma bikabije, byambaye ubusa, bihumeka ku ibere, umubiri wa Zoe wavanywe ku giti kandi wemererwa gushyingura abaturage. Nyuma, igihe ubutaka bw'Abasoviyeti bwahanagurwaga abashishikarijwe, ivu rya Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya bongeye kugorekanwa mu irimbi rya Novodevichy i Moscou.
Kwatura
Umusore Komsomolic ni ikimenyetso cyigihe, ubutwari bw'urwanira ubutwari bw'abasoviyeti bwerekanwa mu kurwanya abatera ba fashiste mu gihe cy'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu.
Ariko, amakuru yerekeye kugenda kwa Padiri muri kiriya gihe imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Ibi biterwa n'amabwiriza ya gisirikare nuburyo bwo kwicwa, kubintu byoroshye byumuntu usanzwe, umugome cyane. Kandi tudafite akamaro biganisha ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose, ndetse no mu buryo bworoshye - ku nsinzi z '"kunegura kuva mu mateka".
Noneho, mu binyamakuru hari ingingo zerekeye Schizophrenia ya kosmodemyanskaya - bivugwa, Fef yakoze undi mukobwa. Ariko, ntidusubizwa ko Komisiyo igizwe n'abayobozi b'abayobozi b'ingabo zitukura, abahagarariye WLKSM, umwe mu bagize VCC (B), Abatangabuhamya bo mu Nkama Mudugudu n'abaturage, bemeza ko umurambo w'ishoti Umukobwa ni uw'ibis ya kosmovite kosmodemyanskaya, uzwi muri icyo gikorwa kuva ku ya 4 Gashyantare 1942. Uyu munsi nta gushidikanya kuri yo.
Intwari zahitanye na Comrades Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya: Tamara Makhinko (Nina na Zoya Suvorov), Masha Golotuko), Masha Golotukov (grenade yamennye mumaboko). Intwari n'umuvandimwe muto zoo - Sasha. Alexander Kosmodemeyansky 17 w'imyaka 17 yagiye imbere, amaze kumenya urupfu rw'ubutwari rwa mushiki wanjye. Ikigega gifite inyandiko kuruhande "Zoe" cyari imirwano myinshi. Alegizandere yerekanye ubutwari nyuma yintambara irangiye. Yapfiriye mu rugamba kugira ngo ashyigikire mu mujyi wa fir Cironkrug, hafi ya Königsberg. Yahawe izina ry'intwari y'ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti.
Kwibuka
Ishusho ya Virtwari Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya yasanze akwirakwira mubuhanzi bwa ministamall. Inzu ndangamurage, Urwibutso, Busts - Kwibutsa ubutwari n'ubwitange byumukobwa ukiri muto biracyareba.
Kwibuka Zoe AnatoLevna Kosmodemyanskaya, umuhanda uvugwa mumwanya wa nyuma. Umuhanda Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya ari mu Burusiya, Biyelorusiya, Kazakisitani, Moldaviya na Ukraine.
Ibindi bintu byitwa izina rya Gueriana-Dizestchiks: Inkambi z'abapayiniya zitiriwe Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya, amashuri n'ibindi bigo bya Tankisi, ikigo cya Tankisi, Ikigega cya BT-5.
Iyicwa rya Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya ryerekanwe mubikorwa byubuhanzi. Imirimo yamenyekanye cyane ni iy'umuhanzi Dmitry Mochal hamwe nitsinda ryarimo rya "Kukryniks".
Icyubahiro cya Zoya, ibisigo bya Agnia Barto, Noheri ya Robert na Julia Drunina. Mu 1943, igihembo cya Stalinist cyahawe Margarita Aliger, watanze Kosmodemyanskaya Umusiwe w'isi "Zoya." Iherezo ryibibabaje ryumukobwa ryarigishijwe nabanditsi b'abanyamahanga - Umusizi wa Turukiya wa Nazama Hikmet hamwe na Poeti Igishinwa.
Kubijyanye nigihe cya Kosmodemyanskaya yarashe firime nke. Mu 1944, ifoto "Zoya" iyobowe na Leo Arnstema yasohotse. Galina Vodyanitskaya yagize uruhare mu nshingano za. Ntabwo bizwi "mwizina ryubuzima" na "Intambara ya Moscou".
Undi mukinnyi wa firime - igishushanyo "cyoo", premiere yacyo yabereye muri 2021. Hano mwishusho ya Viine yagaragaye ko umukinyi wakize Anastasia Mishina. Anna Ukolov, Cherni ya Wolfgang, Olga Lapsshin n'abandi bahanzi bakomeye bakinnye muri firime.