Biography
NgoJanuwari 27, 1942, inqaku likaPeter Lidova "Taya" lapapashwa kwiphephandaba "Pravda". Isikefu saxelelwa kwisifo sobuqhoyelo seTomsomomolskaya, iinxalenye zathi igama likaTanya ngexesha lokuhlukunyezwa. Intombazana ibamba amaJamani kwaye yaxhonywa kwisikwere kwilali yasePetrishchev, kumadlelo. Emva kwexesha kunokwenzeka ukuba kusekwe igama: Yajika i-Komsomolka Zoya koya Kosmodemyanskanskaya. Intombazana ibizwa ngegama likaTanya ekukhumbuleni isithixo, iqhawe le-Tatiana ye-Salamakh.Akukho sizukulwana esinye solutsha lwaseSoviet sanyuswa ngumzekelo wenkalipho, ukuzahlulela kunye nobungqina bukaZoya KosmodemyAnskaya, owanika ubomi kwimfazwe yamaFasi ngexesha lemfazwe ye-asciotist. Aba bafana bayazi ukuba, kunokwenzeka, abanokufa. Abadingi dumo - basindisa ilizwe labo. UZoya Kosmodemyanskaanskaya waba ngumfazi wokuqala owafumana isihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union (PomSthumomy) ngexesha leMfazwe enkulu.
Ebuntwaneni
UZoya Kosmodemyanskanskaanskaya wazalwa ngoSeptemba 13, 1923 kwilali yaseOsinov Gai, i-Gavrilovky yesithili sengingqi yeTambov. Uthando lukaMama i-timofeevna (eCebhuikova) notata uAnatoly Petrovich basebenza ootitshala bezikolo.
Utata uAnatolia wafunda ixesha elithile kwisemina yokomoya. URese kwintsapho yomfundisi uPeter uPeter Johhventich Kozmodeem, owayekhonza ecaweni kwilali yaseOsin Guy. Ngehlobo lowe-1918, ngoncedo lwababingeleli abahlangeneyo, ii-bolsheviks zabandezeleka kwaye zafa. Umzimba wafunyanwa kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva. Umbingeleli ungcwatyelwe ziindonga zeCawa yeZominsky, apho inkonzo yakhokelwa khona.
Kwilali, usapho lukaZoe lwaphila kwi-1929, emva koko, ukubaleka kwe-donos, kwafudukela eSiberia, kwilali yaseShttleino Irktk. Apho usapho lwaphila ngaphezulu konyaka. Ngo-1930, udadewamdala ka-Olga, owayesebenza kwi-trangessariat yabantu, wanceda kosmodemyansky ukuya eMoscow. EMoscow, usapho lwaluhlala ngaphandle, kufutshane nesitishi kufutshane ne-moscow, kwindawo yeTiminizizevsky. Ukususela ngo-1933 emva kokusweleka kukayise (i-Data intombazana ifile emva kotyando) uZoya kunye nomntakwabo omncinci uSasha bahlala abathathu kubo nooMama.
UZoya Kosmodemyanskaya waphumelela kumabakala angama-9 kwisikolo sika-2014 (ngoku i-Gymnasium Nombolo 201 0 I-Alexander KosmodensinKih) isixeko saseMoscow. Ifundwe "ibalaseleyo"; Wayithanda ibali kunye noncwadi, waphupha ukungena kwiZiko loncwadi. Ngenxa yendalo ethe ngqo, ulwimi oluqhelekileyo noontanga lufunyenwe.
Ukususela ngo-1939, ngokweenkumbulo zikamama, uZoya wabanjwa ngenxa yesifo esomeleleyo. Ekupheleni kuka-1940, iZoya yagula ine-meningitis ebukhali. Ngobusika bowe-1941, emva kokuvuselela kancinane, amandla aye eSokolniki, kwi-sanatorium yabantu, abaguli abanesifo esinexhala. Apho ndaziqhelanisa nobahlobo kunye nenzelwa nabahlobo kwiKalmudy Gadar.
Ukuzaliseka kwikamva leZoE, kunye noontanga, kuthintele imfazwe. Nge-31 ka-Okthobha ngo-1941, iZoya Kosmodemyamemyamyamyamyamya, kunye namavolontiya angama-2 000 avela kwi-Komsomol, yeza kwindawo eyidrama, eyayikwi-colosseum cinema, ukusuka apho waya khona kwiSikolo saBalulekileyo kwisikolo sangaphambili. Ikhithi yenziwa kubantwana beSikolo sezolo. Kwakhethwa kukhetho lwanikwa iimbaleki: UYurik, owomeleleyo, onobunzima, uyakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo onzima (abantu abanjalo nabo babizwa ngokuba "ngabantu abakhulelweyo").
Xa ungena esikolweni, i-Reutes yalumkisa ukuba kwi-babotage isebenza ukuya kwi-5% isinde. Uninzi lwamacandelo luyafa, ifakwe kumaJamani xa ihlaselwa i-shutt ye-shuttle kwi-Char yelinye iqela.
Emva kokulungiselela, uZoya waba lilungu lobukrelekrele kunye nobukrelekrele kwinxalenye yentshona kwaye bashiyiwe ngasemva kotshaba. Umsebenzi wokuqala wokulwa kweZoE uphumelele. Njengenxalenye yeqela le-versivel langathanga lendlela elikufuphi nevolosalamsk.
Feat kosmodemyanskaya
I-Kosmodemyanskaya ifumene isabelo esitsha sokulwa, ngexesha nje elifutshane, abathathi-nxaxheba balelwa ukuba batshise ilali yaseAnashkino, i-Ulyatino, i-typilovsko, e-Korovina. Ukujongela phantsi abacimi, iibhotile ezininzi ezinomxube wamathambo zakhutshwa. Izabelo ezinjalo kwizinto zanikwa i-Thisoans ngokuhambelana nomyalelo womyalelo oPhezulu kaJoseph Stalin No. 0428. Yayingumgaqo-nkqubo "womhlaba otshisiweyo": Utshaba lwakhokelela ekukhuthazeni ukukhuthaza, Iinjongo zobomi ziye zatshatyalaliswa endleleni.Ngokutsho kwabaninzi, ezi yayiyinto ekhohlakeleyo, kwaye ayinangqondo, kodwa yayifuneka kwizinto eziyinyani zemfazwe embi- amaJamani ayesondela ngokukhawuleza kwiMoscow. NgoNovemba 21, 1941, ngosuku lokuphuma emsebenzini we-Diards-Scouts, umkhosi we-World Wight, kwiSithili seVolokomsk, i-tikhoretsk.
Ukwenza lo msebenzi, amaqela amabini abantu ali-10 ayaqaqanjiswa: IQela B. S. I-19 KORIINOV (iminyaka eli-19 ubudala) kunye noP. S. Promorova (equka i-kosmodemyanskaya. Phantsi kwelali yaseGolkovo, omabini amaqela ayekwilahleko, ilahleko: Ezinye zesabolote zabulawa, kwaye ezinye iimboniselo zibanjiwe. Abacimi abaseleyo babemanyene kwaye ukuphunyezwa kwale ntsebenzo kuyaqhubeka phantsi kweqela leKrinov.
Ngobusuku boNovemba 27, 1941, zoya Kosmodemyamyadanskaya, kunye ne-vasili, i-vasili, ndayitshisa i-variftchev (kunye ne-varilin yezindlu ezinoqhagamshelo, kwaye amaJamani ayesele entweni ukuthunyelwa ngaphambili. Kwaye ikwatshabalalise amahashe angama-20 enzelwe ukuthutha.
Ukuqhubela phambili komsebenzi, iinxalenye zaqokelelwa kwindawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo, kodwa zaye zalunga zedwa zabuyela enkampini. I-Clikov yabamba amaJamani. UZoya wagqiba kwelokuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi.
Ukuthinjwa kunye nokuhlukunyezwa
NgoNovemba 28, emva kobumnyama bobumnyama, iSahlulo seWakene seTanane sazama ukutshisa umlilo kwiiNtloko zeSviridov, ezazibonile ubusuku bamaFasi, kodwa zaqatshelwa. I-Svirida iphakamise i-alamu. Abafazi babamba amantombazana ebanjiwe. Ngexesha lokuvalelwa, iZoya ayizange idubule. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, wanika isixhobo sentombi, uClaudia Miloradova, owayeza kumsebenzi wokuqala. Ipistol yeClaudia yayinemposiso, ngoko ke uZoe wanika isixhobo esinokuthenjwa.
Ukususela kubungqina babahlali basePetrishkevo Verishly kunye ne-Praskovy Kulik, kwindlu ekhokelayo kwi-zoya kosiya kosiya kosiya Kosmodemyamya, iyaziwa ukuba inciniba ikhokelwa ngamagosa amathathu aseJamani nomguquli. Yahluthwa kunye ne-sequels ngeebhanti, ukubamba ukuya kusasazeka kubanda. NgokwamaNgqina, amaJamani akaphumelelanga ukungcungcutheka malunga neTyala kwintombazana, kwanaxa wangaphakathi. Ekuphela kwento eyathi, ebizwa ngokuba yigama likaTanya.
AmaNgqina abonakalisile ukuba abahlali baseMelika balama-A.. Firnov noF. V. Solina, oziindlwini ezizenzakeleyo kwi-Trust. Kamva bagwetywa ukudubula phantsi kwenqaku le-193 leKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho ye-RSFRR yentsebenziswano kunye namaFasi ngexesha lemfazwe.
Casman
Ngentsasa ye-29 kaNovemba, ngo-1941, ibethwa, enemilenze yeqabaka, Kosmemyanskaanskaya Kosmodemzanskaya aziswe esitratweni. Apho, amaJamani sele elungiselele i-GARG. Isifuba sentombazana sasithe sazinkqalaza i-Russian naseJamani yabhalwa: "Amakhaya ezindlu". Uninzi lwamaJamani kunye nasekuhlaleni bahlanganisene kwimbonakalo. I-Fascists ifotwe. Ngalo mzuzu intombazana yakhwaza:"Abemi! Musa ukuma, sukujonga. Kuyimfuneko ukunceda ukulwa nomkhosi obomvu, kwaye ukufa kwam kuya kugqwetha i-starcists yaseJamani. I-Soviet Union ayisoyisi kwaye ayiyi koyiswa. "Isibindi esimangalisayo kukuma kumda wengcwaba kwaye, ngaphandle kokucinga ngokufa, umnxeba uzahlulele. Okwalo mzuzu, xa i-zoe ibeka ilog entanyeni, wakhwaza imbali yegama:
"Sitya malini, wonke umntu akakho, singama-170 ezigidi. Kodwa kum iidrafoka zethu ziya kugwetywa.Khange ndibenalo ixesha lokuthetha nantoni na engaphezulu.
Imihla ye-hansomol ye-komsomol ayizange idutyulwe kwi-Gallows yenye inyanga. Ngaphezulu komzimba ovunyiweyo kwaqhubeka nokugculela amaFascings edlula kwilali. Ngorhatya olutsha lwe-1942, iimpuku ezinamaqhinga, ezingenanto, zinesifuba esibiweyo, umzimba we-zoe wasuswa kwi-Gallows kwaye uvunyelwe ukuba angcwabe abantu belali. Emva kwexesha, xa umhlaba waseSoviet wacocwa amaFasciet, umlotha weZoe Kosmodemyanskanskaya wavuselela amangcwaba eNovodevichy eMoscow.
Uvumo
I-komsomolic encinci luphawu lwexesha, umzekelo woqhaqho lwabantu baseSoviet oboniswe kumlo wokulwa nabahlaseli abachasene nemfazwe yemfazwe enkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi malunga nokuhamba kwenxaxheba kwelo xesha ihlaselwe amashumi eminyaka. Oku kungenxa yee-odolo zasemkhosini kunye neendlela zokuphunyezwa, ngembono elula yomntu ophakathi, ukhohlakele kakhulu. Kwaye ngokungalindelekanga kukhokelela kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokuqikelela, kwaye nokuba ngabameli 'abagxeki kwimbali ".
Ke, kumaphephandaba apho amanqaku athetha malunga ne-Schizophrenia ye-Kosmodemyanskaanskaya-utyholo, i-feat yenza enye intombazana. Nangona kunjalo, asinakulungiswa ukuba iKhomishini equka abameli bamagosa omkhosi obomvu, abameli be-WLCM, ilungu le-VCC (B), amaNgqina avela kwiBhunga leLali kunye nabahlali abavela kwi-CHRESE yoMpu Intombazana yeyokwayi-muscovite yoe kosmodemyamyyanskaya, ephawuliweyo kuMthetho nge-4 kaFebruwari ngo-1942. Namhlanje akukho mathandabuzo ngayo.
Amaqhawe abulawa kwaye amaqabane e-zoe Kosmodemyamya: Tamara Makhiingo (owenziwe emfazweni u-Swina Suvotuko), i-masha golotyukov (Grenade yaqhekeza ezandleni). Ubuqhoyelo kunye nomntakwabo omncinci boe - uSasha. UAlexander Kosmodemensky 17 oneminyaka eli-17 waya ngaphambili, wayefunde malunga nokufa kuka-boy dade. Itanki elinombhalo "ecaleni kwe-zoe" yayisilwa kakhulu. UAlexander wazingqina phantsi kakhulu ukuphela kwemfazwe. Wasweleka edabini yendawo yenkxaso kwidolophu yaseFirickinKrug, kufutshane naseKönigsberg. Inikwe isihloko seqhawe leSoviet Union.
Imemori
Umfanekiso we-heroine ye-zoe Kosmodemyamodenskaya wafumana umvuzo we-moungemental ART. Iimyuziyam, izikhumbuzo, ii-buss - Izikhumbuzo zenkalipho nokuzahlulela kwentombazana isemile.
Kwimemori yesoe anatolyevna kosmodemyadanskaya, izitrato zibizwa ngegama lesithuba seSoviet. Isitrato se-zoe Kosmodemyamyyans yaseRussia siseRussia, Belakhsus, Kazakhstan, Moldova neUkraine.
Ezinye izinto zibizwa ngokuba ligama leGuerriana-Umanyano olubizwa ngokuba yiZoe Kosmodemyamyamyamyamya, Izikolo kunye namanye amaziko emfundo, i-Asteroding, i-Asteroding, i-Tak-5 itanki.
Ukubulawa kweZoe Kosmodemyamyanskanskaya kuyoboniswa kwimisebenzi yobugcisa. Eyona misebenzi ibonakalayo yeyokuphambyry Dmimy Mochal kunye neqela lendalo "le-Kukryniks".
Ukuzukisa uZoya, imibongo ka-Agnia Barto, iRobert Christian kunye neJulia Sunina. Ngo-1943, amabhaso e-Stalinist yanikwa iMargarita Aliger, eyanikeza i-kosmodemyansyanskaya ye-poeem "zoya." Ilixa lecala lentombazana etyhutywe kunye nababhali bamanye amazwe - imbongi yaseTurkey ye-Nazime Hikmet kunye ne-hiti yaseTshayina ye-China.
Malunga nekamva leeKosmodemyanskaya zadubula iifilimu ezimbalwa. Ngo-1944, lo mfanekiso u "Eyoya" wayalelwa nguLeo Arnsteta uphume. I-Galina Vodyanitskaya yayibandakanyekile kwindima ekhokelayo. Ayiziwa ngokuba "ngegama lobomi" kunye "nedabi leMoscow".
Omnye umzobo wefilimu oqaqambileyo - ukupeyinta "i-zoya", i-preerere yayo yayiqhutywa ngo-2021. Apha kumfanekiso we-heroine wavela i-Artasia Mishina. UAnna Ukoolov, Wolfgang Cwni, i-Olga Lapsshin kunye nabanye abanamagcisa abaneenkwenkwezi kwifilimu.