Biography
Musi waJanuary 27, 1942, chinyorwa chaPetro Lidova "Tanya" chakabudiswa mupepanhau "Pravda". Sketch yakaudzwa parufu rwemagamba eKomsomoleskaya, maPartisans akatumidza zita reTanya panguva yekushungurudzwa. Musikana akabata maGerman uye akasungirirwa pwere mumusha wePetrishev, mumafuro. Gare gare zvaigoneka kutanga zita: Yakasvika iri Komsomolka zoya kosmodemyanskaya. Musikana akatumidza zita reTanya mukuyeuka chifananidzo, iyo gamba rehondo yehondo yeTatiana Solomakh.Hapana chimwe chizvarwa chechidiki cheSoviet chakawedzera nemuenzaniso weushingi, kuzvitsaurira uye kugarwa kweVadiki, vakapa hupenyu kune kurwisa kwekupindirana kweFascist panguva yehondo huru yenyika. Ivo vakomana vaiziva kuti, kazhinji, vaizofa. Ivo havadi mukurumbira - vakaponesa kumusha kwavo. Zoya KosmodemySkaya akava mukadzi wekutanga akagamuchira zita reGamba reSoviet Union (Posthumously) Munguva yehondo huru yehondo.
Huhu
Zoya KosmodemySkaya akaberekwa musi waSeptember 13, 1923 mumusha weOsinov Gai, iyo Gavrilovsky Dunhu reTamboVd Dunhu. Amai vaMom rudo TimofEvna (muMaChukova's Majmik) uye Baba Anatoly Petrovich vakashanda sevadzidzisi vechikoro.
Baba Anatolia vakadzidza kwenguva yakati mumusina wemweya. Akasimuka mumhuri yemupristi Peter orgentich kozdemigency, aishandira muchechi mumusha weOsin Guy. Muzhizha ra1918, nekuda kwebetsero yevapirisita-vanopandukira, bolshevika akatambura uye kufa. Muviri waingowanikwa mwedzi mitanhatu chete gare gare. Mupristi akavigwa nemadziro eChechi yeZAMESky, umo iyo basa raitungamirirwa.
Mumusha, mhuri yaZoe yaigara kuna 1929, uyezve ichitiza kubva kuna Donos, akatamira kuSiberia, mumusha weSHITTTTEINO IRUKUTT Dunhu. Ikoko mhuri yaigara anopfuura gore rimwe chete. Muna 1930, hanzvadzi yaNoga yaOlga, yaishanda mumakomisheni yemurume, yakabatsira kosmodemyansnky kuti iende kuMoscow. MuMoscow, mhuri yaigara kunze kwekunze, padyo nechiteshi ichi pedyo neMoscow, mune iyo Timiryazevy Park nzvimbo. Kubva muna 1933 mushure mekufa kwababa vake (baba vakauraya mushure mekuvhiyiwa pamatumbu) ZOYA neWadue munun'una Sasha vakagara vatatu vavo naamai.
Zoya KosmodemySkaya akapedza kudzidza kubva pa9th Giredhi yeChikoro cheChikoro Chekutanga (Zvino Gymnasium ANP N-Alexander KosmodeMyNesih) Guta reMosmod. Akadzidza "zvakanaka"; Aida nyaya nemabhuku, akarota kupinda mune yekunyora Institute. Nekuda kwechimiro chakananga, mutauro wakajairika nevezera.
Kubva 1939, maererano nendangariro dzaamai, Zoya rakatambura nechirwere chingatya. Pakupera kwa1940, Zoya akarwara ne akapinza meningitis. Munguva yechando ya 1941, mushure mekupora kwakasimba, simba rakaenda kuSokolniki, mune sanatorium yevanhu, varwere vane chirwere chipi zvacho. Ikoko ndakaziviswa uye ndakaitwa shamwari nemunyori Aprkady Gaidar.
Kuitika kune ramangwana reZoe, pamwe nevezera, vakadzivirira hondo. Musi waGumiguru wa140, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, pamwe chete nevazvipiri zviuru zviviri kubva kuKomsomol, iri muColosseum cinema, kubva kwaakaenda kuPrequisite kudzidziswa muchikoro cheSabotage. Iyo kit yakagadzirwa kubva zuro yechikoro chezuro. Kufarira kwakapihwa kune vatambi: Yurik, yakasimba, yakaoma, kukwanisa kutsungirira mitoro inorema (vanhu vakadaro vakanonziwo "vanhu vane utsanana").
Paunenge uchipinda chikoro, vangaiyei vakayambira kuti muSabotage basa kusvika ku5% rarama. Vazhinji vePartisans vanofa, vakabatwa kuvaGerman pavanoita dzimba dzekuvhara mumupikisi kumashure.
Mushure mekugadzirira, ZOYA yakava nhengo yehungwaru uye chikamu cheSabotage weimba yekumadokero uye yakasiiwa kumashure kwemuvengi. Basa rekutanga rekurwa reZoe rakabudirira. Icho sechikamu cheboka revapanduki vakachera mugwagwa uri pedyo neVolokolamsk.
Feat kosmodemyanskaya
KosmodeMySkaya akagamuchira basa idzva rekurwisa, maPartisans akarairwa kupisa musha weAnashkino, Grifivo, Ilyatino, Grachev, Pushkino, Mikhalovskoye, Bugalovo, Korovina. Kudzikisira varwi, mabhodhoro akati wandei nemusanganiswa wekusanganiswa wakaburitswa. Mabasa akadaro kune vaPartisans akapihwa maererano neyekutonga mukuru weMutungamiriri weMurume weMukuru weGenjea. 0428. Muvhu rakapwanywa ": Muvengi akatora kurwiswa kwaanoita, uye kudzora kusimudzirwa, Zvinhu zvehupenyu zvakaparadzwa munzira.Maererano nevakawanda, ava vaive zviito zvine hutsinye uye zvisinga fungidzike, asi zvaidikanwa kune izvo chaizvo zvehondo inotyisa - maGerman aive achikurumidza kusvika Mosi. Musi waNovember 21, 1941, pazuva rekubuda kwebasa revaDiversants-scouts, mauto ekumavheti ekumavirira akatungamira maronda, muVolokolamsk dunhu, Mozhaisk, Tikhoretsk.
Kuti uite basa racho, mapoka maviri evanhu gumi anojekeswa: Boka B. S. KHOHHIKI (makore 19) uye P. S. PROVORIVA (makore 18), izvo zvaisanganisira Kosmodemyanskaya. Pasi pemusha weGolkovo, mapoka maviri aya aive muvavandiri, kurasikirwa: vamwe vemu Saboteurs vakaurayiwa, uye vamwe vePartisans vakatapwa. Varwi vakasara vaive vakabatana uye kuurayiwa kwekushanda kwakaramba kuchikonzerwa neyeKriunov timu.
Pausiku hwaNovember 27, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, pamwe chete neBorisi Krhinov uye Vasili Chekufambisa (Iyi Musha Wakaitwa nedzimba dzeGerman dzine banga rekubatana, uye maGerman akamhanya zvisati zvaitika kutumira kumberi. Uye akaparadzawo mabhiza makumi maviri akagadzirirwa kufambisa.
Kuti tiwedzere kuurayiwa kwebasa racho, maPartisans akaunganidzwa munzvimbo yakabvumiranwa, asi makungwa haana kumirira yavo uye akadzokera kumisasa. CLIKOV akabata maGerman. Zoya akasarudza kuenderera mberi nebasa racho.
Kutapwa uye kushungurudzwa
Musi waNovember 28, mushure merima rerima, mwana wechidiki akaedza kupisa moto kumisoro misoro yeSviridov, uyo akaraira husiku hwevasimba, asi akaonekwa. Svirida akasimudza alarm. Vakadzi vakasunga vasikana vasungwa. Munguva yekuvharirwa, ZOYA haina kupfura. Basa risati rasvika, akapa chombo chemusikana, Claudia naMiloradova, uyo aiuya kuzoshanda. Iyo pistol yeClaudia yakanga isingakanganisi, saka zoe yakapa chombo chakavimbika.
Kubva kuChapupu chevagari vePetrishvo Vasily naPraskovy Kulik, mumba mayo vakatungamira neZoya KosmodemyemySkaya, inozivikanwa kuti kubvunzurudzwa kwakatungamirwa nevarume vatatu veGerman nemuranda. Yakabvarurwa uye yakatsvuka nemabhandi, akafambiswa nemhenderekedzo pakutonhora. Maererano neZvapupu, maGerman akatadza kubvuta ruzivo nezvemusikana kubva kumusikana, kunyangwe nekuchera kushungurudzwa. Chinhu chega chakataura, chinonzi Tanya zita raTanya.
Zvapupu zvakaratidza kuti vagari venzvimbo yeA. V. Smirnov naF. V. Solina, vane dzimba dzakakuvara kubva kumabwiwa ezvipengo mukutambudzwa. Gare gare vakatongerwa kupfura pasi pechinyorwa chechinyorwa 193 chematsotsi ematsotsi eRssr yekushandira pamwe neve fascist panguva yehondo.
Casman
Mangwanani aNovember 29, 1941, akarohwa, aine makumbo emakumbo, kosmemyankaya kosmodemykaya akaunza mumugwagwa. Ikoko, maGerman akatogadzirira matanda. Chipfuva chemusikana chakarembera chiratidzo icho muchiRussia neGerman zvakanyorwa: "Dzimba dzeimba". Vazhinji maGerman uye munharaunda vakaungana pachiono. Fascists kutora mifananidzo. Panguva iyoyo musikana akadanidzira:"Vagari! Usamira, usatarisa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kubatsira kurwisa uto red red, uye nekufa kwangu masimba edu anokanganisa maGerman Fascist. Soviet Union haina kukurumidza uye haizokundwi. "Kushamisa ushingi ndiko kumira pamucheto weguva uye, pasina kufunga nezverufu, kufona. Panguva iyoyo, kana zoe akaisa chiuno pamutsipa, akadanidzira izwi rekuti ngano:
"Zvakawanda sei isu takarembera, munhu wese haapo, isu tiri mamirioni zana nemakumi matatu. Asi ini, mishonga yedu ichatsauswa. "Ini ndakanga ndisina nguva yekutaura zvimwe.
Hannoored Komsomol mazuva haana kupfurwa kubva pamatanda emumwe mwedzi. Pamusoro pemuviri wekusungwa wakaramba uchinyomba maFascist achipfuura nemumusha. Pamuzou weNew of New 1942, mapanga akaomeswa, asina kubhururuka, aine chityu chakapetwa, chifuva cheZoe, zoye chakabviswa pamatanda uye akatenderwa kuviga vagari vemo. Gare gare, apo nyika yeSoviet yakacheneswa yeFascist, madota eZoe KosmodemySkaya akaisa mari yeNovovichy muMoscow.
Kureurura
Mudiki Komsomolic chiratidzo chenguva, muenzaniso weiyo herimendi yevanhu veSoviet inoratidzwa mukurwira vapambi veFascist panguva yehondo huru yehondo.
Nekudaro, ruzivo nezvekufamba kwePartisan kweizvozvo kwemakumi emakore akaiswa kwemakumi emakore. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemauto ehondo uye nzira dzekuurayiwa, pamaonero akareruka emurume wepakati, akawonda. Uye zvisingaiti zvinotungamira kune chero rangano rekufungidzira, uye kunyangwe chete - kune kusavimbika kwe "vatsoropodzi kubva munhoroondo".
Saka, muzvinyorwa pane zvinyorwa nezve iyo Schizophrenia yeCosmopheniaSkaya - anonzi, The feat akagadzira mumwe musikana. Nekudaro, isu hatichadzosere kuti komisheni inosanganisira vamiririri vevakuru vehondo dzvuku, nhengo yeVlksm, nhengo yeVcC (b), Zvapupu zvinobva mudare remumusha uye vagari vemumusha, nechitarisiko chakasimbisa kuti chitunha chemugove Musikana ndewewe Muscovite Zoe kosmodemyanskaya, iyo inoonekwa muChiitiko kubva munaFebruary 4, 1942. Nhasi hapana mubvunzo pamusoro pazvo.
Magamba akaurayiwa uye comrades zosmodemyanskaya: Tamara makwinyo (tamara makwikwi Iyo heroic uye mudiki mukoma zoe - Sasha. Alexander Kosmodemeyskyanskyanskyansky vanomuka, vakadzidza nezve ruzha rufu rwehanzvadzi iyi. Tangi ine chinyorwa parutivi "Zoe" yaive kurwa kwakawanda. Alexander akaganhurirwa zvakajeka kusvika kumagumo ehondo. Akafira muhondo yekutsigira iyo mutaundi reFir Cirdudenrukrucrug, pedyo neKönigsberg. Yakapihwa zita regamba reSoviet Union.
Ndangariro
Mufananidzo weiyo heroine zosmodemyanskaya yakawana yakapararira muhuwandu hwehunyanzvi. Mamuseum, zvivakwa, zvipuka - zviyeuchidzo zveushingi uye kuzvipira kwemusikana wechidiki achiri kuona.
Mukurangarira kweZoe Anatolyevna kosmodemyanskaya, migwagwa inonzi in the post-soviet nzvimbo. Street zoe kosmodemyanskaya iri muRussia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova neUkraine.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi zita remukuru wevaGuerriana-Diversheskiss: Misasa yomushaya inonzi Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya, zvikoro uye zvimwe zvekudzidzisa, tangi.
Kuurayiwa kweZosmodemysaya kunoratidzwa mumabasa ehunyanzvi. Mabasa anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeayo yemhizha Dmitry Mochal uye timu yekugadzira ye "Kukryniks".
Mukukudza kwaZoya, nhetembo dzaAgia Barto, Robert Kisimusi naJulia Drunina. Muna 1943, mubairo weStalinist wakapihwa Margarita Aliger, uyo akazvitsaurira kuna KosmodemySkaya nhetembo "Zoya." Iyo inoshungurudza yemusikana yemusikana akatonga uye vatorwa vanyori - iyo turkish nhetembo yeNazima hikmet uye iyo Chinese poeti Qina.
Nezve fate yekosmodemyanskaya yakapfurwa mafirimu mashoma. Muna 1944, pikicha "ZOYA" inotungamirirwa naLeo Arnstema akabuda. Galina vodyanitskaya aiita basa rinotungamira. Hakuna kumbozivikanwa "muzita rehupenyu" uye "kurwa kweMoscow".
Mumwe akajeka akajeka - iyo pendi "ZOYA", iyo yekutanga yeiyo yakaitwa muna 2021. Pano mumufananidzo weiyo heroine akaoneka Actress Anastasia Mishina. Anna Ukolov, Wolfgang Cherni, Olga Lapshin uye mamwe maArments ane mavara ane mafirimu.