Azek Azimov - Biography, ifoto, ubuzima bwite, ibitabo

Ubuzima

Isaac Azimov - Umwanditsi ukomeye wa siyansi, isi yimpimbano isi ishimishije ku gisekuru kimwe cyabasomyi. Uyu muntu ufite impano yanditseho ibitagenda neza kimwe cya kabiri cyakozwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyakozwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyakozwe na kimwe, kigerageza ubwe mu bwoko butandukanye: Kuva Ibihimbano bya siyanse bikunzwe kubigenza no kurya. Ariko, abantu bake bazi ko muri biografiya yo guhanga Azimov habaye ibikorwa byubuvanganzo, ahubwo ko atari siyanse.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Umwanditsi uzaza yavukiye muri Biyelorusiya, mu mujyi witwa Petrovichi, atari kure ya Mogilev ku ya 2 Mutarama 1920. Ababyeyi Azimov, Yuda Aronovich na Khana-rachek Isaakovna, bakoranye nas. Umuhungu witwa izina rya nyakwigendera kuva kuruhande rwa nyina. Kimwe cya kabiri cya eimek kizashimangira ko mu ntangiriro izina rya Azimovov ryanditse nka Ozimov. Imizi y'Abayahudi yasengwaga cyane mu muryango wa Aizek. Ak'uko ibintu bibuka, mu Burusiya, ababyeyi ntibavuganaga na we, babaye ururimi rwa mbere kuri Azimov, kandi ibitabo byambere ni inkuru ya Sholom Aleichem.

Mu 1923, Azimov yimukiye muri Amerika atura i Brooklyn, aho iduka ryabo rihumanye ryahise rikifungurwa. Umwanditsi uzaza yagiye mwishuri imyaka itanu. Nk'uko amategeko y'abana, bakuye muri batandatu, ariko, ababyeyi ba Isaka bohereje itariki yavutseho Umwana wa 1919, kugira ngo umuhungu ajye ku ishuri umwaka. Mu 1935, Azimov yarangije icyiciro cya cumi maze atangira kwiga muri kaminuza, ikibabaje, ikibabaje, cyafunzwe mu mwaka. Nyuma yibyo, Izek yagiye muri New York, aho yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Columbiya, ahitamo abarimu bafite imiti.

Mu 1939, Azimov yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse, hanyuma imaze imyaka ibiri, umusore yabaye umutware wa chimie. Isaka yahise akomeza amasomo mu ishuri ryangiza, ariko nyuma y'umwaka ahindura imigambi maze ahindura imigambi maze ahindura Filadelphiya, aho yakoraga nk'umunyamiti mu bwato bwa gisirikare. 1945 Aizek yatanze serivisi mu ngabo, nyuma asubira i New York akomeza kwiga. Aspirator ya Azimov yarangije mu 1948, ariko ntiyahagarara ku byagezweho kandi atanga inyandiko kubyitwa postlocate ishami rya biochemie. Muri icyo gihe, Azimov yatangiye kwigisha muri kaminuza ya Boston, aho yakoraga kubera imyaka myinshi.

Ibitabo

Tract yo kwandika yabyutse muri Aisek Asimov hakiri kare. Kugerageza kwambere kwandika igitabo cyari gifite imyaka 11: Aizek yasobanuye ibintu byabahungu mumujyi muto. Ubwa mbere, Zador yo guhanga yari ihagije mugihe gito, kandi Azimov yatsinze igitabo cyababaye. Ariko, nyuma yigihe gito yahisemo gusoma ibice bya mbere kugeza kuri berade ye. Ni ubuhe buryo butangaje kuri Aizek, igihe yishimiye gukomeza. Ahari ako kanya Azimov amenye imbaraga zumwanditsi yahawe, atangira kuvura cyane iyi mpano.

Inkuru ya mbere ya Isake Azimov "imbohe muri Vesta" yasohotse mu 1939, ariko ntiyazana icyamamare ku mwanditsi. Ariko imirimo ngufi itaha yiswe "Ukuza kwijoro", yasohowe mu 1941, yatangaye umuriro mu bafana b'abafana b'ingendo nziza. Byari inkuru ivuga ku isi, ijoro riza rimwe mu myaka 2049. Mu 1968, inkuru izita ibyiza byigeze gutangazwa muriyi nzego. "Kugera kwijoro" bizashyirwa mu kaga kenshi n'ibiterankunga, kandi nabyo bizarokoka kugerageza film (kubwamahirwe kunanirwa). Ubwanditsi ubwe azita iyi nkuru "kubaka amazi" mu mwuga w'ubuvanganzo. Igishimishije, icyarimwe, "ukuza kwijoro" ntabwo byabaye inkuru ukunda ya azimov mubihanga bye.

Nyuma yibyo, inkuru za Aisek Azimov zizaba ziteganijwe kuva kera abafana. Muri Gicurasi 1939, Isaac Azimov yatangiye kwandika inkuru ya mbere ya robot ya robbie. Umwaka umwe, inkuru "umubeshyi" ninkuru yerekeye robot yari izi gusoma ibitekerezo byabantu. Muri uyu murimo, Azimov azabanza gusobanura ibyo bita amategeko atatu ya robotike. Nk'uko umwanditsi abwitwa umwanditsi, ku nshuro ya mbere aya mategeko yatumije umwanditsi John Campbell, nubwo na we yashimangiye ubwanditsi bwa Azimov.

Amategeko yumvikana ku buryo bukurikira:

1. Robot ntishobora kugirira nabi umuntu cyangwa kudakora kwemerera umugabo kugirira nabi.
2. Imashini igomba kubahiriza amategeko yose aha umuntu, usibye iyo ayo mabwiriza avuguruza amategeko yambere.
3. Imashini igomba kwita ku mutekano wacyo kuburyo ibi bitavuguruza amategeko yambere cyangwa ya kabiri.

Muri icyo gihe, ijambo "robotike" ("robotike" ryagaragaye), nyuma byaje mu nkoranyamagambo y'Icyongereza. Igishimishije, ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwashinze mu rwego rwo hagati, imigenzo ya robo yabwiwe ibyerekeye imyigaragambyo y'ubwenge ibihangano no ku butegetsi bwerekeza ku bantu. Kandi nyuma yo kurekura inkuru za mbere ya Isaka Azimov, robot mubitabo bizatangira kubahiriza amategeko atatu, bikaba urugwiro.

Mu 1942, umwanditsi atangiza urukurikirane rw'ibitabo by'ibitabo bitangaje ". Isaac Azimov yatekereje ko uru ruhererekane rwonyine, ariko mu "rufatiro" rwa 1980 ruzahuzwa n'amateka yanditse kuri robo. Muyindi verisiyo yubuhinduzi mu kirusiya, uruhererekane ruzahabwa izina "ishuri".

Kuva mu 1958, Aizek Azimov azitondera cyane ubwoko bwa siyansi azwi cyane, ariko mu myaka ya za 1980 bazasubira mu bihimba kandi bazakomeza "umusingi". Ahari inkuru zifatika za Azek Azimov, usibye "Usibye ibikorwa bya" robot "," imana ubwabo "", imana ubwazo "na" Ingoma ". Umwanditsi ubwe yerekanye inkuru "ikibazo cya nyuma", "umusaza w'imyaka magana abiri" na "umuhungu mubi", ababona ko batsinze cyane.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Mu 1942, Isaac Azimov yahuye n'urukundo rwa mbere rw'ukuri. Urukundo Uyu mumenya Ufatanya kandi ko byabereye kumunsi w'abakundana. Umwanditsi mubi yabaye Gertrude Yuwherman. Abakundana barashyingiranywe. Ubu bukwe bwahaye umwanditsi umukobwa Robin Joan na Dawidi. Mu myaka ya za 70, abashakanye baratandukanye.

Isaac Azimov Ntabwo yagumye wenyine: Muri uwo mwaka, umwanditsi yasinziriye na Janet Oppan Jippson, wakoraga nk'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe. Hamwe nuyu mugore, Azimov yahuye mu 1959. Mu 1973, abashakanye basinye. Nta bana bari muri ubu bukwe.

Urupfu

Umwanditsi yapfuye ku ya 6 Mata 1992. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'abaganga ba Acyimov bazita imitima kandi barokoka kunanirwa, bigoye kwandura virusi itera SIDA, umwanditsi yanduye mpanuka mu 1983 mu gihe cy'igikorwa cyerekeye umutima.

Urupfu rw'Abafana Azek ba Azimov bazunguye ibitabo by'umwanditsi ukomeye.

Bibliografiya

• 1949-1985 - "Umupolisi Elaider Bailey na Robo Moniel Olivo"
• 1950 - "I, robot"
• 1950 - "Amabuye yo mu kirere"
• 1951 - "Inyenyeri nk'umukungugu"
• 1951 - "Fondasiyo"
• 1952 - "Imiyoboro"
• 1955 - "Iherezo ry'iteka"
• 1957 - "Izuba ryambaye ubusa"
• 1958 - "Starr na Saturn Impeta Lakki"
• 1966 - "Urugendo rwiza"
• 1972 - "Imana ubwayo"
• 1976 - "UMUSAZI W'IGIHE MUNSI.