Ubuzima
No mu kinyejana cya XVII, umuhanga mu by'amateka y'Ubwongereza, wiga iterambere ry'ubu bwame mu Bwami bw'Abaroma, byatanzwe mu buryo bwitwa igihe cyabantu batanu beza. Bose bari aba wa gatatu kuva mu ntangiriro y'ihame ry'ingoma y'Abaroma ya Antonins. Igihe w'ingoma bigomba neza ikurikirwa buri ruhande, maze nyuma ya batware yagukuye ubuninahazwa n'ubushobozi neza kuba Roma yabaye Mariko Azeri Antonín.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Biography Mark Aurelia ntasobanutse, kandi yizewe ku nkomoko yacyo n'uyu muryango wabitswe gato.
Mark Averali Anton yavutse ku ya 26 Mata 121 i Roma. Ababyeyi b'Umutegetsi w'ejo hazaza, bakurikije amasoko imwe, hari ver na Lucillom gutegeka. Akivuka, umuhungu witwa Marcus Anius Severus. Nyina, ubutware bwa Lucull - umuhererezi, yabaye mu muryango wa Nobistokarasi w'abahamagarira Nobili kandi yagombaga kubyara umwami Adring.
Ubutegetsi bwaranzwe no kurakara cyane, ntabwo byashishikajwe na politiki no kwiyegurira abana. By the way, abana mumuryango bari bafite babiri. Mu 121, Marcus Anius yavutse, nyuma y'umwaka, umukobwa wa Annya cornfia, yapfiriye kubera impamvu itazwi afite imyaka 36.
Ku yandi masoko, Mark Azeri yavukiye mu muryango w'abapinyiriza ubwenge, imizi yazimiye mu baturanyi baturanye. Bidatinze, umuhungu yemeye umuryango wumugore wa gatatu wa nyina wumwami w'abami Adriana - ubutware bwa Lucillla Powlin. Igihe se wa mbere wasezeranijwe yapfiriye mu 139, umusore yemejwe n'Umwami w'abami Antonin Pei, aho umuhungu yakiriye irindi zina - Mark Elya Aureli Vel Seesar.
EseSfather, Mariko Ayiyo yiganye mu rugo, mu gihe yahawe uburere bwiza muri ibyo bihe maze aba azwi cyane mu karere kose afite ervalition. Kuva mu barimu bose, Marcus yibutse cyane Diyognete, atangiza umuhungu ufite filozofiya kandi icyarimwe nize shingiro ryo gushushanya. Ndashimira uburezi bwiza nubushobozi bwisesengura, umusore yari yiteguye kugirango umutego wungirije. Mu 198, abami baragenda, maze Markus afata umwanya uregwa mbere maze yegera kwiga ibibazo rusange.
Umwami
Marcus yafashwe afite imyaka 19 igihe Antonin Piy yitotombera umwanya wa konseuli, wabaye icyubahiro kinini ku musore. Muri Mutarama 161, Averali yatorewega igihe cya gatatu cy amafaranga. Nyuma y'amezi atatu, Antonin Pei yapfuye, kandi umuhungu we bombi - Mark Azeri na Luzzi Zenium Commoda Ver - yayoboye Ingoma y'Abaroma. Nyuma yimyaka umunani Ingoma, Combiya yarapfuye, abategetsi bimukira mu kiraro.
Leitmotaft y'Inama y'Ubutegetsi Aureliya yashimangiwe n'imyitwarire iyubaha ku bubasha bwo hejuru bw'imbaraga za leta i Roma - Sena. Ntabwo ushishikajwe no kwita ku mwami mushya n'ubutabera. Byongeye kandi, Mariko yari yirinze muri kariya gace k'ubuzima butangaje, ahubwo ni ibinyuranye, byashimangiye imigenzo ya kera, y'umwimerere z'Abaroma ndetse n'amategeko. Kandi urukundo rw'umutegetsi ku bwenge, gutekereza no kuzirikana rwabaye ishingiro rya filozofiya y'ibi bihe. Byongeye kandi, nubwo umwami w'abami yari umuterankunga wa Filozofiya, wa filozofiya ya Epicosozian yakoraga neza muri Atenayi yatsinze muri Atenayi neza, arabashishikariza.
Mu mbaraga, Mark Aureliya i Roma yashyizeho urufatiro rw'ingarugero y'inkunga y'amasanganyi make n'imiryango minini. Nubwo umujinya wumutegetsi wuje amahoro, yagombaga kugira atitabiriye intambara imwe. Anthony Pius apfiriye, abaturage baturanye na Porphy barenze ku butegetsi bw'umupaka w'Abaroma, kandi Abanyaroma batsinzwe ku nkombe z'intambara ebyiri. Noneho ibihugu byanzuye isi bidafite inyungu nziza kuri Roma. Nyuma y'amezi make, ingabo z'Ubudage zateye imipaka yo mu majyaruguru ya Leta.
Igitero kinini cy'Abadage cya kera mu mpande zose zo mu majyaruguru y'Ubwami bw'Abaroma Aureliya yahatiye gutera inkunga ingabo, ndetse no gutegura ubujurire bw'ingabo, ndetse no gutegura ubujurire bw'inyongera, gukora ibitambo bishya byo kurinda imipaka. Ndetse n'abacakara n'abashushanyije bazwi bajyanye abo basirikare. Ibibazo by'inyongera by'urubibisigi by'Ingoma byashyizeho imiryango ikirwamana n'umuryango w'abatavuga rumwe na sarmatiya. Uyu mwami w'imyaka 57, Mark Azeri ku giti cye yayoboye ingabo z'Ubwami bw'Abaroma kurwanya Abadage, Abanyaroma barabaye neza, ariko muri ako kanya icyorezo cy'iposita cyatangiye.
Ubuvanganzo
Mu 146, Mariko yashimye filozofiya yize. Mu ruhare rwahumetswe hamwe numwarimu wumusore, Quik puint, Yong Rustik, na we wabaye umujyanama.
Ubuzima bwuzuye bw'umwami, kwiyegurira abantu no mu bibazo bya politiki ntibyamubujije kwiga filozofiya yagaragaje impengamiro yo mu myaka y'ubusore. Kubuzima, Abrellius yanditse ibitabo cumi na bibiri mu kigereki. Benshi mu bavuga ko umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yabaye aphoririsims kandi ntabwo buri gihe ashobora kwibuka umwanditsi wabo.
Ibikorwa bya filozofiya ya Averalius yabonye izina "bituma ubwabo" (ubundi buryo bwo kwimura izina - "kuri bo", "bonyine hamwe na bo", "bonyine hamwe nabo"). Imirimo ya filozofiya yabaye imikorere yingenzi yigihe cyatinze.
Mariko yayoboye inyandiko ze nk'ibitabo ku giti cye, ariko ntabwo byari bimaze kuba abakomokaho, ndetse kurushaho ntibubahiriza gutangaza cyane. Ishingiro ry'imanza za filozofiya y'umwanditsi shiramo ingingo y'imyenda n'urupfu. Muri icyo gitabo, umwami w'abami asobanura ibihe yahuye nabyo mu buzima arashaka uburyo bwo guhagarika uburakari asubiza ibikorwa byatanzwe byabantu.
Ku mutima wa filozofiya yo gutekereza ku myitwarire, Mark Azerusliabeshya ko kumenya inshingano z'ejo hazaza h'abaturage babo. Kuva i Ho imbere, umuryango w'Abaroma wari ubora kubera ubujiji n'ubusambanyi, no hanze yubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare bwimiryango ituranye yarwanijwe. Muri ibi bidashidikanywaho na Leta n'Umutegetsi we, filozofiya yagerageje kubungabunga imitekerereze, irinde kurakara, urwango no kumva ko adafite imbaraga.
Nubwo ubuzima bwimbitse bwa filozofiya, impengamiro yo kwisesengura no gutekereza, umwanya wa filozofiya wa aurelia ntabwo ari umwimerere. Ishusho yisi yumwami wa filozofiya yari ishingiye kubitekerezo ninyigisho za filozofiya ziva mu Bugereki, wabaga i Roma ku burenganzira bw'imihangayiko, Esmicts. Abashitsi bombi bigishije kwicisha bugufi - gufata isi kwisi yose nkuko yaremwe, ntugerageze kuyihindura, ntukarebe ko ntukagire intimba kubera kudatungana kwe.
Nubwo, ku ngoma, ikirango aurelius cyafatwagaho ubupagani, kandi abakristo baratotezwa, gahunda y'isi y'Umwami yari hafi y'umukristo wambere. Umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yamenye igitekerezo cya Monotheisma - yizeraga intangiriro imwe yo hejuru, ubwoko bwa superflum yita ku ntego zose.
Kopi yinyandiko yumwimerere yumubyanditsi kugeza na nubu ntabwo yanzwe. Yigaruwe mu kinyejana cya XVI n'Ubushakashatsi bw'Ubudage, umubumbyi-Abalenical Xildar muri Latin. Umugani w'igitabo cya "Igitabo cya Zahabu cya Mark Aureliya", umwanditsi wacyo yari uwari uw'Umwami w'abami wa kera, na we yajugunywe na Xildrom. Mu kwemeza mu mwanya wa rudende, Mariko Arellia Xilandr mu isesengura rye "gutekereza ku ubwe" yashimangiye isano ibitekerezo bya w'abami-gipagani Gikristo Ibyanditswe - Isezerano Rishya.
Kugeza mu ntangiriro ya XVII, abashinze icyerekezo cya filozofiya yo gufatanwa na Senec na Enec, kandi bahawe uruhare runini. Ingingo isesengura ry'Umuhanga mu Busuwisi Kazogon yagaruye ubutabera, nuko Mariko Aurelius afata icyubahiro mu bashinze ubwenge mu filozofiya mu isi.
Ikinyejana, intiti zize inyigisho z'Umwami w'abami b'Abaroma za kera nazo zakozwe n'ibirimo ibitekerezo bye n'ubukristo bwe kandi bishyiraho awerere ku mubwiriza utaziguye z'amadini ya gikristo muri Roma ya Gikristo. Igitabo cy'Umufilozofe "Gutekereza kuri we", kirimo ibice 12, byabaye igitabo cya Perezida wa 42 wa Flinton.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Adrin, Antonin Pei yageze ku butegetsi, maze hakorwa umugabo wa Leta ya Mariko Aurelius n'umukobwa wa EMPARD NSHYA ANNIYA Galeriya wa Faustina yabaye.
Mu bashakanye, umukobwa yibarutse abana 12, ariko bane muri bo barokotse.
Urupfu Ikireliya
Igihe cy'inama y'ubutegetsi, igihe imiryango y'Abadage yateranaga imbibi z'i Roma, Mark Azeri yabaye ku ngabo z'Abaroma, ariko yatwitse cyane i Burayi. Umwami w'abami w'Abaroma yakorewe uburwayi buteye ubwoba. Ku ya 17 Werurwe 178, Averali yapfiriye muri Windobone (ifasi ya Otirishiya iriho). Urebye kuzamuka mu mibereho y'abaroma basanzwe, bakomeza ubutware bwa Roma mu bihugu bituranye, Mark Aureliya nyuma y'urupfu rwashyizwe ku mana. Umukungugu w'umwami w'abami wajyanywe i Roma wiruka muri Mausoleum wa Adrian.
Gupfa no kwitanga raporo muriyi, Mariko ntabwo yumvaga apfuye, ariko roho zose zari zifite amahirwe y'ejo hazaza ya Roma n'ubwoko bwe. Mu kwibuka abanyabwenge b'Umwami, ibitabo bigufi kuri filozofiya ya kera yo gucika intege na guverinoma bahuye n'amahame mbwirizamuco y'abantu, ndetse n'igishusho cy'Umwami w'abami, kiragumye.
Igishusho cyabonetse mu gihe cyagati kandi kivomera umwe mu misozi irindwi, aho Roma ya kera yubatswe - Capitol y'Abaroma. Urwibutso ruri mu ngoro nshya, ku karubanda ka karemano i Roma kugeza na n'ubu, bisa n'ubunini n'imyitwarire yo hejuru y'abategetsi ba Roma ya Roma ya kera, bigaragarira mu gishushanyo cyiza.
Urupfu rw'abami batanu mu mateka y'Ingoma y'Abaroma byarangiye ku rupfu rw'Umwami w'umunyabwenge mu mateka y'Ubwami bw'Abaroma. Mwana n'umusimbura kuri Mariko Aureliya Aureliya, bakunze kwinezeza aho gukora ubwenge na politiki, badashaka kwihanganira intambara n'abanyamerika, basinyana amasezerano y'amahoro, bagaragaje intege nke z'umwanzi n'intege nke za Roma.
Bibliografiya
- "Gutekereza kuri wewe"