Biography
The fate of the Soviet resident of Jacob Blumkin still remains a bizarre mixture of reality and legends. A close comrade of the revolutionary Lion Trotsky undertook dozens of foreign business trips, the most mysterious of which was the expedition to Tibet. The image of Blumikina is captured on the pages of history and in a number of artistic works, among which the novel of Julian Semenova "Diamonds for the dictatorship of the proletariat" and the television series "Yesenin" occupy a central place.Childhood and youth
Biography Yakov Grigorievich Blumkin from the very beginning was a mystery for Russian and foreign historians. The first discrepancies concerned the date and place of the birth of the future intelligence officer, which in his own questionnaire wrote, which was born in the Odessa family of Jewish-proletaris on March 25, 1900. This information did not coincide with the data of the researchers who believed that Blumikin was a descendant of the minister of the city government who lived in the Austro-Hungarian city of Lemberg (modern Lvov), born in 1898.
Jacob's father, Herschel, accepted Orthodoxy in 1914, when Russian troops invaded the territory of Austria-Hungary, and then, together with his wife, High-Liva drove through Kiev and settled in Odessa.
By this time, the children graduated from school for the poor of Jewish nationality and began to look for independent earnings. The older brothers Blumikin Lion and Isai have achieved success in the field of journalism, and Yasha tried herself as an electrician and an employee of the theater, canning factory and tram depot.
In 1917, when various political parties flourished in Russia, the younger son of Herschel joined the revolutionary socialists and became an agitator in elections to the Constituent Assembly. At the same time, Blumykin with weapons in his hands participated in the elimination of Jewish pogroms and fought with representatives of the Central Rada in Ukraine.
In Self-Defense, the young esser came close to Moses Vinnitsky, glorified by a Japanese Bear pseudonym, and became a member of a group of expropriators, in 1918 robbing the State Bank Odessa.
The success of the operation provided a bureau to membership in the Odessa Volunteer Railway and the support of the local revolutionary Mikhail Muravyev, whose protected, a young man received a place in the Moscow branch of the HCC. Another person who silent the Word for Jacob was a poet and a foreign spy on the name Erdman, who partly controlled the anarchists of the capital and collected information for the states of the Entente's political bloc.
Political and social activities
The Moscow Career Blumikina began in 1918 from the post of heads of departments to combat foreign espionage and observation of foreign embassies. In this position, Yakov in the company of the company of Nikolai Andreeva entered the representative office of Germany in Russia and committed the murder of the German diplomat Wilhelm von Mirbach-Harff.This crime was the beginning of the rebellion of the left-wing essel, directed against the Government of the Bolsheviks, after the failure of which Blumikina declared a terrorist and forced to go to illegal position. Hiding under the names of Belov and Vishnevsky, Yakov got a job in the Kimrinsky Commissariat of Agriculture, and then moved to Ukraine and joined the underground of the socialist revolutionaries, based in Kiev.
In 1918-1919, on the orders of the leadership of the party, Blumkin participated in the preparation of attempts on the hetman of the Scorchelovsky, German Feldmarshal Hermann von Eichgorn and the leader of the White Guard Admiral Kolchak. Then, a few weeks of Jacob spent in captivity of armed petlurovts, in the process of torture, hemmed physical damage was obtained and lost its front teeth.
After a long-term treatment, Blumykin betrayed colleagues and surrendered to the mercy of the members of the All-Russian Emergency Commission to combat counter-revolution and sabotage. The former Esrah threatened the shooting, but thanks to the intercession of Leo Davidovich Trotsky, the death penalty was replaced by correctional work on the revolutionary fronts.
I started to pay the guilt of Yakov in the Armed Forces of the Caspian Flotilla, and then entered the personal security of the Soviet People's Commissar on Military and Maritime Affairs. Having deserved the confidence of the members of the ruling party, Blumikin graduated from specialized RKKA courses and as an employee of the GPU went on a business trip to Persia. There, Yakov participated in the uprising of the followers of Khan Ehsanlaly and some time performed the responsibilities of the Military Commissioner of the Iranian Krasnoarmeysky Staff.
In 1920, Blumkin returned to Moscow and, becoming a member of the RCP Party (b), passed courses for training Embassy and Military intelligence workers. At the end of study, the newly new Bolshevik mastered the Turkish, Arab, Chinese and Mongolian languages and acquired spyware skills that contributed to promotion in a political and official career.
In the new status of Yakov Grigorievich led the investigation into the case of the embezzlement of values from the state repository of the Narkomfin. In search of criminals, he under the pseudonym of Jvelira Isaeva took a business trip to the capital of modern Estonia and provided a report on the foreign contacts of the precious metals and stones.
According to the researchers, this page of the biographies of the Russian intelligence officer went on the basis of Roman Julian Semenov "Diamonds for the dictatorship of the proletariat", and the other details of life were described in the book of Evgeny Matonina "Yakov Blumkin: a resident error" and a documentary film called "Stalin's Personal Enemy".
Such a characteristic of Chekist in history has emerged. Since 1922, he became an approximate adjutant of the addict Trotsky, who opposed the sole power of Joseph Stalin and eventually was expelled from the country.
Another benefactor of Blumikina was the head of the PHC Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky, who offered a young man in the Foreign Department of the OGPU and made him a resident of Soviet intelligence in Palestine. In cooperation with the Agent of Serebryansky Yakov, the data on the Middle Eastern activities of the former members of the Entente and was introduced into the members of the International Organization Comintern.
In 1924, the regular missions of Blumkin were the fight against smuggling in the cities of the Transcaucasus, the suppression of anti-Soviet insurgency in Georgia and the solution of controversial moments on the border of Turkey, Persia and the USSR. At the same time, the scout worked secretly in Afghanistan and in search of connections with representatives of the Shiite branch of Islam was for some time in India under the guise of the Sufi preacher - Dervish.
Expedition to Tibet
In 1924-1928, Blumkin went to the Central Asian expedition of Nikolai Roerich, the main purpose of which was the organization of mass riots in Tibet and the overthrow of the local ruler of the Dalai Lama XIII. According to the photocopies of archival documents, the public debt of researchers was to search for traces of ancient civilizations and the detection of the mysterious city of the gods.
According to official data, the mission of Roerich and Blumikin ended in failure, but researchers and biographers tend to the opposite point of view. Based on declassified data, the chronicles of Soviet history came to the opinion that Yakov visited the underground palace and met the mechanisms of thousand-year limitations and artifacts of disappeared civilizations.
In exchange for this, Yakov promised to local ruler to organize the supply of modern weapons and a gold loan from the State Bank of the Soviets.
Later, during the interrogations, Blumkin described in detail the seen guns intended for the processing of gold and ultrasonic transformation of electromagnetic radiation, and also admitted to the transfer of this information to the German intelligence agent to Vernera von Stalch. In addition, reporting on the operation in Tibet and subsequent missions in Constantinople and in the Middle East Yakov sent to the Opposition of the opposition to Trotsky. It put an end to his political career and led to the arrest in 1929.
Blumykin and creative intelligentsia
In everyday life, Blumikin was friends with many workers of culture and art. The most famous from his acquaintances were poets Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vadim Schenevich and Anatoly Mariengoof.
Rounding in the circle of writers and theatrots, Yakov boasted revolutionary exploits and was talking about the attempts and murders without constraint. In drunken companies, the intelligence officer threatened with arms to art historians and writers, and once the poet Osip Mandelstam fell under his hot hand.
In Moscow, Blumikina was often seen in Sergey Yesenin, with whom he met at the Assembly of Social University in 1918. Subsequently, Yakov helped the poet to avoid arrest and imprisonment, and according to some reports, was involved in the murder in the room of the St. Petersburg hotel "Angletter" and fake the death poems of the famous IMAZHINIST.
Personal life
In 1919, Zakov's wife became the daughter of the writer and playwright Isaac Feinerman - Tatiana. The girl belonged to the Moscow Elite lived with a scout 6 years, and then for unknown reasons the marriage broke up.
The Son, which was called Martin, was born in 1926. Rought by the mother, grew up with material support from the Father, who became a lover of the employees of the foreign branch of the CC Lisa Rosenzweig.
When Blumikina was arrested, Tatiana changed the surname to Isakov, but the consequences of the relationship of personal life with the enemy of the people were affected in a few years, after the Great Patriotic War.
In 1950, the former reconnaissary spouse was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in prison on charges of counter-revolutionary activities registered in the 58th article of the RSFSR Penal Code.
Arrest and death
The Blumikin service impressed the exemplary follower of the Bolshevik doctrine and received excellent characteristics from the heads of the foreign department of the OGPU.
However, in the autumn of 1929, the resident began to suspect due to the enemy of the people by Lvom Trotsky. As a result of the surveillance, which carried out by the Soviet intelligence officer of Elizabeth Zarubina, the contacts of Yakov were revealed, and this led to arrest, interrogation and subsequent court.
According to the official version, Blumikina was sentenced to execution for activities aimed against the Soviet people and the Bolshevik authorities, but the researchers believe that the reason for the death of the intelligence was the information received during the Tibetan expedition, as well as the personal revenge of Joseph Jugashvili.
However, the truth is still kept secret together with the details of the execution of Yakov Blumkin, which took place between November 8 and December 12, 1929. About the funeral and location of the grave of the Soviet agent and the scout also nothing is known.