Biography
Rainer Maria Rilke occupies a prominent place in world poetry, remaining one of the brightest authors who wrote in German. Contemporary and compatriot Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud, the poet expressed in his work the philosophical search for a whole generation, raising the depth questions of being, eternity and human destination.Childhood and youth
The full name of the poet sounds like Rene Carl Wilhelm Johann Joseph Maria Rilke, he was born in 1875 in Prague, which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His parents took place from merchants and peasants, their life was financially difficult, and family relations were not laid.
The parents and firstborn daughter died, why the mother Sophie suffered and even called the last-born son with the female name Rene. In the children's photo, he looks like a girl in a dress and curls.
The poet recalls that grew in an atmosphere of misfortune and poorly hidden hatred. The charter to endure mutual discontent, parents diverged when the child was 9 years old. Rainer stayed to live with his father, who sorry himself about the failed military career, identified the Son in the Cadet Real School near Vienna.
Five years of barren life became the years of violence over the essence of the boy, and he later compared them with a coward prison. Creatively gifted, Rilke was soul in the atmosphere of Mashters and isolation, which led to the physical illness, because of which he had to stop studying.
Already then, the young man felt a calling for poetry, while he was warmly worried about his uneducation, since the Military School did not contribute to the development of common cultural knowledge. The young man is independently preparing for testing for a certificate of maturity, and in 1896 it becomes a student of the Philosophy of Prague University.
Poetry
Rilke became a poet-modernist, presenting an existential course. His work is permeated with "damned questions" about God and death, about the invisible life, spiritualizing the earthly being. The poems of the young man began to publish at the age of 16, and the first book "Life and Songs" released in 1894, but later it was ashamed and tried to forget.Rainer wrote not only poems: on his account the novel and stories, art historical work and an impressive epistolary heritage, without which the image of the poet is not unthinkable. But first of all, Rilke is a Lirik, the author of the Duin Elegy and the "Books", "Character" and "Sonetov to Orpheus".
Personal life
In 1897, Rilke met Lu-Andreas Salome - a woman who will become his main muse, mentor and friend. The love of an educated independent beauty influenced the development of the poet. Thanks to her, Rainer joined Russian literature and visited Russia for the first time.
Beloved was married and older Rilke for 15 years, their relationships did not last 3 years. Nevertheless, they retained a warm friendship and a strong connection for many years, which the testimony remains that sincere correspondence.
At the same time, Austrian meets the sculptor Klara Westhoff, which in 1901 becomes his wife and gives birth to the daughter of Ruth. However, family life and children, all these familiar attributes of a happy personal life, hardly fit into the picture of the poet.
He soon leaves the family and goes into wanderings in Europe, without finding a permanent home anywhere. At the same time, until the end of the life, Rainer and Clara did not divorce, but they lived apart, supporting communication through letters.
The last woman in fate Rilke was the artist Balandin Klosovskaya, with which he settled in 1921 in the ancient castle of Muso in Switzerland. The woman took care of the poet and filled his last years with his love.
Death
Since 1923, Rilke began to experience serious health problems, because of which surveys were surveyed, while being in the sanatorium on the shore of Lehman. Treatment in the resort of Ragats did not bring special fruits. The men discovered leukemia, which eventually became the cause of death.The last year of life passed between the castle of Muso and numerous hospitals. It is at this time that Rainer leads the famous correspondence with the Pharmaceutical souls permeated correspondence. Biography Rilke broke out on December 29, 1926. The man lived 51 years old, he was buried at the Raron Ramary Cemetery. At the grave of the poet, the quotation is knocked out, which he chose himself shortly before death.
Bibliography
- 1894 - "Life and songs"
- 1895 - "Victims of Laram"
- 1897 - "Missed with dreams"
- 1898 - "Christmas Eve"
- 1902 - "Book of images"
- 1903 - "First poems"
- 1905 - "Characters"
- 1907 - "New poems"
- 1909 - "I am for a holiday"
- 1912 - "The Life of the Virgin Mary"
- 1912-1922 - Duinskie Elegia
- 1923 - "Sonnets to Orpheus"