Biography
Imvula yaseMaria Rilke ithatha indawo ephambili kwimibongo yehlabathi, eseleyo yababhali abaqaqambileyo babhala ngesiJamani. I-Pleatporary kunye noCleatrit Friedrich Nietmbsche naseSigmund Freud, imbongi ivakaliswe emsebenzini wayo ndikhangela intanda-bulumko yesizukulwana, ndiphakamisa imibuzo enzulu yokufika.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama elipheleleyo lembongi livakala njengeCarl wilichel Johann Joseph Maria Ria Rillele, wazalwa ngonyaka ka-1875 ePrague, owayeyinxalenye yoBukhosi base-Austro-Hungarian. Abazali bakhe bahlala kubathengisi nabalingane, ubomi babo babunzima kwezemali, kwaye ubudlelwane bosapho bungabekwanga.
Abazali kunye nendoda enobuxoki bafa, isizathu sokuba unina unguSophie ubandezelekile kwaye wabiza unyana olimibulo igama lomfazi. Kwifoto yabantwana, ujongeka ngathi yintombazana enxibe iimpahla kunye ne-curls.
Imbongi ikhule ikhule ngokukhula kwimozulu yentlekele nentiyo efihliweyo. Itshata yokunyamezela u-hlukana ngotshintsho, abazali baphambuka xa umntwana wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala. Imvula ihlala ihleli notata wakhe, onoxolo ngokusilela emkhosini, wacela unyana kwi-Cadet yesikolo se-Ceenna.
Iminyaka emihlanu yobomi obudlolo yaba yiminyaka yobundlobongela ngaphezulu kobume benkwenkwe, yaye kamva zathelekiswa nentolongo yegwala. I-GIFEY YOBUCHWEPHONO, URilke wayengumphefumlo kwimozulu yomoya kunye nokuzahlula, okwakhokelela ekuguleni ngokwasemzimbeni, ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ayeke ukufunda.
Sele ke le ndoda yaziva imbiza imibongo, ngelixa wayenexhalabele ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kuba isikolo sasemkhosini sasingafakwaligalelo kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko eqhelekileyo. Inkwenkwe ilungiselela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvavanywa kwesatifikethi sokuvuthwa, kwaye ngo-1896 iba ngumfundi wefilosofi yeyunivesithi yasePrague.
Imibongo
URilke waba yimbongi-sundest, ebonisa ikhosi eqhubekayo. Umsebenzi wakhe ubudlene 'nemibuzo ebiyiweyo ngoThixo nokufa, ngobomi obungabonakaliyo, bokomoya ngokomoya. Imibongo yomfana omncinci yaqala ukupapasha eneminyaka eli-16, kunye nencwadi yokuqala ethi "Ubomi kunye neeNgoma" ngo-1894, kodwa kamva yayineentloni zaza zazama ukulibala.Imvula ayibhalisi kuphela imibongo: kwi-akhawunti yakhe inoveli kunye namabali, umsebenzi wembali kunye nelifa lemveli elinomtsalane, ngaphandle komfanekiso wembongi engathandekiyo. Kodwa okokuqala, uRile yiLirik, umbhali we-Duin elergy kunye ne "ncwadi", "umlinganiswa" kunye "noSonetov topheus".
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1897, uRilke wadibana noLu-Andreas Salome - umfazi oya kuba yimyuziyam, umcebisi kunye nomhlobo. Uthando lwezinyezeli ezifundisiweyo ezifundileyo zichaphazele ukuphuculwa kwembongi. Enkosi kuye, imvula yajoyina uncwadi lwaseRussia waza watyelela iRussia okokuqala.
Intanda yayitshatile kwaye indala iRilke iminyaka eli-15, ubudlelwane babo azange baphelele kwiminyaka emi-3. Nangona kunjalo, bagcina ubuhlobo obufudumeleyo kunye noqhagamshelo olomeleleyo kangangeminyaka emininzi, ethi ubungqina buhlala buyimbandezelo ngokunyaniseka.
Kwangelo xesha, i-Austrian ihlangana nomfumba uKlara Westhoff, okuthile ngo-1901 uba ngumfazi wakhe kwaye uzale intombi kaRute. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bosapho kunye nabantwana, zonke ezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo zobomi bobuqu, abufanelwe kumfanekiso wembongi.
Kungekudala walishiya usapho kwaye esiya ebhajethi eYurophu, ngaphandle kokufumana ikhaya elisisigxina naphi na. Kwangelo xesha, kude kube sekupheleni kobomi, imvula kunye noClara akazange aqhawule umtshato, kodwa baphila, baphila, bexhasa unxibelelwano ngeeleta.
Umfazi wokugqibela kwi-rize wayengumculi we-Balandin Klosovskaya, awayehlala kuyo ngo-1921 kwinqaba yakudala yeMudo eSwitzerland. Eli bhinqa lakhathalela imbongi laza lazalisa iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela ngothando lwakhe.
Ukufa
Ukususela ngo-1923, uRilke waqala ukufumana iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo, ngenxa yophando ophononongwa, ngelixa i-sanatorium elunxwemeni lukaLehman. Unyango kwindawo ekuchithelwa kuyo iRagats aluzange luzise iziqhamo ezizodwa. Amadoda afunyanisa iLeukemia, eya kuthi yaba ngunobangela wokufa.Kunyaka ophelileyo wobomi odlula phakathi kwenqaba ye-MOO nezibhedlele ezininzi. Ngeli xesha apho imvula ikhokelela kwimbalelwano edumileyo kunye nemiphefumlo yamayeza imbalelwano yembalelwano. I-biography Rilke yaqhekeka nge-29 kaDisemba ngo-1926. Le ndoda yaphila iminyaka engama-51, wangcwatywa kumangcwaba eRaron Rimary. Elapho yembongi, ikoteyishini inkqonkqozwa, ayikhethayo kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba afe.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1894 - "Ubomi kunye neeNgoma"
- Ngo-1895 - "amaxhoba eLaram"
- 1897 - "iphoswe ngamaphupha"
- Ngo-1898 - "IKrisimesi ELI"
- Ngo-1902 - "Incwadi Yomfanekiso"
- Ngo-1903 - "Imibongo yokuqala"
- I-1905 - "Iimpawu"
- Ngo-1907 - Imibongo emitsha "
- I-1909 - "Ndiyiholide"
- Ngo-1912 - "Ubomi beNtombi Enyuse uMariya
- Ngo-1912-1922 - UDunskie Elgia
- Ngo-1923 - "OoMoonets to-Orfeus"