Ubuzima
Imvura Maria Rilke ifite umwanya wingenzi mubumi rwisi, asigaye umwe mubanditsi banduye banditse mu kidage. Iki gihe kandi compatriot Friedrich Nietzsche na Sigmund Ft, umusizi wagaragaje gushakisha ibisekuruza byose, kuzamura ibibazo byimbitse byo kubaho, ubuziraherezo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina ryuzuye ryumvikana nka Rene Carl Wilhelm Johann Joseph Maria Rilike, yavutse mu 1875, icyo gihe yari mu bwami bwa Otiegue. Ababyeyi be babaye abadandaza n'abahinzi, ubuzima bwabo bwari bugoye bwa mu buryo bugoye, kandi umubano wo mu muryango ntiwashyizwe.
Umukobwa n'umukobwa w'imfura barapfuye, kuki umubyeyi Sophie yababaye ndetse yitwa umuhungu wavutse uheruka hamwe n'izina ry'umugore. Mu ifoto y'abana, asa n'umukobwa mu myambarire no kurohama.
Umusizi yibuka ko yakuze mukirere cyamakuba hamwe ninzangano zihishe. Amasezerano yo kwihanganira kutanyurwa, ababyeyi batandukanijwe mugihe umwana afite imyaka 9. Rainer yagumanye kubana na se, bikubabaje ku bijyanye n'umwuga wa gisirikare wananiwe, wagaragaje Umwana mu ishuri ryukuri rya Cadet hafi ya Vienne.
Imyaka itanu yubuzima butagira ubutayu bwabaye imyaka yubugizi bwa nabi kuberako umuhungu, hanyuma nyuma agereranya na gereza. Guhangana impano, Rilke yari ubugingo mu kirere cyo mu kirere no kwigunga, bituma habaho uburwayi bw'umubiri, kubera ko yagombaga guhagarika kwiga.
Tumaze rero, umusore yumvise ahamagarira ibisigo, mu gihe yari ahangayikishijwe cyane no kutifata, kubera ko ishuri rya gisirikare ritigeze ritagira uruhare mu iterambere ry'umuco. Umusore yitegura kwigenga kugerageza icyemezo cyo gukura, kandi muri 1896 ahinduka umunyeshuri wa filozofiya ya kaminuza ya Prague.
Ibisigo
Rilke yabaye umusizi-ushinzwe, atanga inzira ibaho. Akazi ke kwarinzwe n '"ibibazo byaciriweho" kubyerekeye Imana n'urupfu, kubyerekeye ubuzima butagaragara, ku mwuka. Ibisigo by'umusore byatangiye gutangaza mfite imyaka 16, n'igitabo cya mbere "ubuzima n'indirimbo" byasohotse mu 1894, ariko nyuma byagize isoni kandi byagerageza kwibagirwa.Rainer yanditse ibisigo gusa: kuri konte ye igitabo n'inkuru, imirimo yamateka hamwe nimirage itangaje, aho igishusho cyumusizi kidashoboka. Ariko mbere ya byose, Rilke ni Lirik, Umwanditsi wa Duin hamwe n '"ibitabo", "imico" na "sonetov kuri orpheus".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1897, Rilke yahuye na Lu-Andreas Salome - Umugore uzahinduka muse mukuru, umujyanama n'inshuti. Gukunda ubwiza bwize bwigenga byagize ingaruka ku iterambere ry'umusizi. Mukemereye, imvura yinjiye mu bitabo by'Uburusiya maze asura Uburusiya bwa mbere.
Bakundwa barubatse kandi Rilke ishaje imyaka 15, umubano wabo ntiwashize imyaka 3. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, bagumanye ubucuti bususurutse n'imikorere ikomeye mu myaka myinshi, ubuhamya bwakomeje kuba inzandiko zivuye ku mutima.
Muri icyo gihe, Otirishiya yahuye n'Ubusarukiga Klara Westhoff, mu 1901 aba umugore we maze yibaruka umukobwa wa Rusi. Ariko, ubuzima bwumuryango hamwe nabana, ibi byose bimenyerewe byubuzima bwishimye, ntibukwira mwishusho yumusizi.
Yahise ava mu muryango ajya mu bazurere mu Burayi, atabonye inzu ihoraho ahantu hose. Muri icyo gihe, kugeza ku mpera z'ubuzima, imvura na Clara batanye, ariko babayeho, bashyigikira itumanaho binyuze mu mabaruwa.
Umugore wa nyuma muri Rate Rilke yari Umuhanzi Balandin Klosovskaya, yatuye mu 1921 mu gihome cya kera cya Muso mu Busuwisi. Umugore yita ku musizi yuzura imyaka ye ya nyuma nurukundo rwe.
Urupfu
Kuva mu 1923, Rilke atangira guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima, kubera ubwo bushakashatsi bwari bubajwe, mu gihe bari mu sanzu ku nkombe ya Lehman. Kuvura mu bubiko bwa Ragats ntibyazanye imbuto zidasanzwe. Abagabo bavumbuye leukemia, amaherezo aba intandaro y'urupfu.Umwaka wanyuma wubuzima wanyuze hagati yikigo cya Muso nibitaro byinshi. Muri iki gihe, imvura iyoboye inzandiko zizwi hamwe nubugingo bwa farumasi bwanditseho inzandiko. Ubuzima bwa Rilke bwatangiye ku ya 29 Ukuboza 1926. Umugabo yabayeho imyaka 51, yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Raron Ramary. Ku mva y'umusizi, amagambo yakuweho, yihitiramo mbere gato y'urupfu.
Bibliografiya
- 1894 - "Ubuzima n'indirimbo"
- 1895 - "Abazize Laram"
- 1897 - "Nabuze n'inzozi"
- 1898 - "Noheri Eva"
- 1902 - "Igitabo cyamashusho"
- 1903 - "Ibisigo byambere"
- 1905 - "Inyuguti"
- 1907 - "Ibisigo bishya"
- 1909 - "Ndi mu biruhuko"
- 1912 - "Ubuzima bw'isugi Mariya"
- 1912-1922 - Duinkie Elegia
- 1923 - "SONNETS AFFES"