Biography
Rainer Maria Rilke inogara munzvimbo yakakurumbira muhuturu yenyika, vakasara mumwe wevanyori vanopenya vakanyora muchiGerman. Contemarory uye combatriot Friedrich Nietzsche uye Sigmund Freud, mudetembi akaratidzwa mubasa rake kutsvaga kwechizvarwa chose, kurera mibvunzo yakadzika yekuve, kusingagumi uye kwekusingaperi.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iro zita rizere rehetembo rinonzwika senge Rene Carl Wilhelm Johann Josephn Maria Rilke, iye akaberekerwa muna 1875 muPrague, iyo yaive chikamu cheHurumende yeAustro-Hungary. Vabereki vake vakaitika kubva kune vanotengesa uye varimi, hupenyu hwavo hwaive hwakaoma mune zvemari, uye hukama hwemhuri hadzina kuiswa.
Vabereki nomubatiguru vakafa, mwanasikana weshure vakatambura uye kunyange kunzi Mwanakomana wekuzvarwa akaberekwa aine zita rechikadzi. Mumufananidzo wevana, anotaridzika semusikana mumapfekero uye curls.
Mudetembi anoyeuka ayo akakura mumhepo yemukurumbira uye kuvanzika zvakavanzika. Iyo Charter kutsungirira kusagadzikana, vabereki vakadzora kana mwana ave nemakore masere. Rainer vakagara kuzogara naBaba vake, vanonzwira tsitsi nezvebasa remauto rakakundikana, vakazivisa Mwanakomana muCadental Chikoro chaicho pedyo neVienna.
Makore mashanu ehupenyu husina marara akava makore emhirizhonga pamusoro pechikonzero chemukomana, uye akazozvifananidza nejeri rinotyisa. Ngehena zvipo, rilke aive nemweya mumamiriro ekunze uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, izvo zvakakonzera chirwere chemuviri, nekuda kwekuti aifanira kumira kudzidza.
Ipapo, jaya racho rakanetseka nhetembo, achinetseka neushamwari nezvekuzvishamisa kwake, sezvo chikoro chemauto haana kupa mukuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwakajairika tsika. Jaya rakazvimiririra rakazvimiririra rekuyedza yekuongororwa kwegwaro rekukura, uye muna 1896 rinova mudzidzi wehunyanzvi hweHuruyunivhesiti.
Nhetembo
Rilke yakava mudetembi-inokosha, ichiratidzira kosi yekuvapo. Basa rake rakarumbidzwa ne "mibvunzo yakatongerwa" nezvaMwari nerufu, nezve hupenyu husingaoneki, hwekunamata zviri pasi pano. Nhetembo dzejaya racho rakatanga kushambadzira pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, uye bhuku rekutanga "hupenyu nenziyo" dzakabudiswa muna 1894, asi gare gare yakazonyadziswa uye kuyedza kukanganwa.Rayener haana kungoita nhetembo: Pane yake nhoroondo yechokwadi uye nyaya, yekare nhoroondo yeiyo nzira inonakidza, pasina iyo mufananidzo wenhetembi haufungiki. Asi chekutanga pane zvese, rilke ndeye Lirik, munyori weDuin Elegy uye "mabhuku", "hunhu" uye "Sonnev Jafuso".
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1897, rillke akasangana lu-Andreas Salome - mukadzi anozova museum yake huru, vateereri uye shamwari. Kuda kwerunako rwakazvimirira rwakakurudzira kukurudzira kwetemberi. Kutenda kwaari, kunaya akabatana mabhuku eRussia uye akashanyira Russia kekutanga.
Mudiwa aive akaroora uye akanyanya kuyerera kwemakore gumi nemashanu, hukama hwavo hwakagara makore matatu. Zvakangodaro, ivo vakachaisa ushamwari hunodziya uye kubatana kwakasimba kwemakore mazhinji, izvo zvipupuriro zvinoramba zviripo zvekunyorerana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, austria inosangana neshongwe yeDlara Westhoff, iyo muna 1901 inova mudzimai wake uye anozvara mwanasikana waRute. Nekudaro, hupenyu hwemhuri nevana, zvese izvi zvinozivikanwa hunhu hwehupenyu hunofadza hwega, hwakakwaniswa mumufananidzo wenhetembi.
Nokukurumidza anosiya mhuri uye anopinda mukudzungaira muEurope, pasina kuwana imba isingagumi chero kupi. Panguva imwe chete, kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu, kunaya naClara havana kurambana, asi vaigara vasina mugumo, vachitsigira kutaurirana kuburikidza netsamba.
Mukadzi wokupedzisira muFate Rilke aive muimbi weBalandin Klandin Klosovskaya, aakagara muna 1921 mune yekare castle yeMumwe muSwitzerland. Mukadzi wacho akatarisira nhetembo uye akazadza makore ake ekupedzisira nerudo rwake.
Rufu
Kubva muna 1923, moto wakatanga kuona zvinetso zvakakomba zvehutano, nekuda kwekuongororwa kwakaongororwa, uku kuri muSanatorium pamhenderekedzo yeLehman. Kurapwa mune ratidziro yerudzi hakuna kuunza michero chaiyo. Varume vacho vakawana leukemia, iyo pakupedzisira yakava chikonzero chekufa.Mwaka wekupedzisira wehupenyu wakapfuura pakati peimba yemasofa uye zvipatara zvakawanda. Inguva ino inguva ino kuti Rayen inotungamira tsamba yakakurumbira nemweya yemishonga yemishonga yakabatanidzwa. Biography Rilke yakatanga musi waDecember 29, 1926. Iye murume akararama kwamakore makumi mashanu neshanu, akavigwa paRaron Rirary Makuva. Paguva revahedheni, quotation inogogodzwa kunze, yaakasarudza nguva pfupi asati afa.
BHAIBHERI
- 1894 - "Hupenyu Nziyo"
- 1895 - "Vakakundwa Laram"
- 1897 - "Yakarasikirwa nezviroto"
- 1898 - "Krisimasi Eve"
- 1902 - "Bhuku reMifananidzo"
- 1903 - "Nhetembo dzekutanga"
- 1905 - "mavara"
- 1907 - "Nhetembo nyowani"
- 1909 - "Ndiri kuzororo"
- 1912 - "Hupenyu hweMhandara Mariya"
- 1912-18-012 - Duinskie Elegia
- 1923 - "Sisnets kuna Offus"