Chiphunzitso
Mvula Maria Rilke amakhala pamalo otchuka kwambiri ku takatulo yapadziko lonse, yotsalira m'modzi mwa olemba owala omwe adalemba ku Germany. Masiku ano ndi comptatrich Friedrich Neetrizshe ndi Sigmund Freud, wolemba ndakatulo adawonetsa ntchito yake m'badwo wonse wafilosofi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Dzinalo lonse la ndakatulo limamveka ngati Rene Carl A Johann Joseph Mariar Joseph Makolo ake adachitika kuchokera kwa amalonda ndi anthu wamba, moyo wawo unali wovuta pazachuma, ndipo maubwenzi abanja sanayikidwe.
Makolo ndi mwana wamkazi woyamba kubadwa, chifukwa chake amayi ake Sophikira anavutika ndipo amatcha mwana wobadwa womaliza ndi dzina la akazi Rene. Chithunzi cha ana, amawoneka ngati mtsikana mu kavalidwe ndi ma curls.
Wolemba ndakatulo akukumbukira zomwe zidakula pamtondo kapena chida chobisika. Mwalawulitsa kuti apirire kusakhutira, makolo adasokonekera mwana ali ndi zaka 9. Mvula idakhalabe ndi abambo ake, kudzimvera chisoni ndi ntchito yolephera, adazindikira kuti mwana wa ku Cadot Sukulu yapafupi pafupi ndi Vienna.
Moyo wa wosabereka zaka zisanu unakhala zaka zachiwawa pa tanthauzo la mnyamatayo, ndipo pambuyo pake anawafanizira ndi ndende yamantha. Polengedwa, Rilke anali moyo wamlengalenga komanso kudzipatula, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti adwala, chifukwa amayenera kusiya kuphunzira.
Poyamba, mnyamatayo adadziitana ndakatulo, pomwe anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za osautsidwa, popeza sukulu ya asitikali sanathandizire pakupanga chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe. Mnyamatayo ndi amene akukonzekera kuyesedwa kuti ayesetse satifiketi yokhwima, ndipo mu 1896 zimakhala wophunzira wa nzeru za Prague Univelsity.
Ndakatulo
Rilke adasanduka ndakatulo-yamakono, ndikuwonetsa maphunziro. Ntchito yake imachitika ndi "mafunso olakwa" onena za Mulungu ndi imfa, za moyo wosaonekayo, kuchitira padziko lapansi. Ndakatulo ya mnyamatayo inayamba kufalitsa zaka 16, ndipo buku loyamba la "Moyo ndi nyimbo" zidatulutsidwa mu 1894, koma pambuyo pake zidachita manyazi ndikuyesa kuyiwala.Ngwakusatsani ndakatulo zokha: chifukwa cha buku lake komanso nkhani, ntchito za mbiri yakale komanso zifanizo za wolemba ndakatuloyo sizowoneka bwino. Koma choyambirira, Rilke ndi chiwongola dzanja, wolemba wa Duion Elegy ndi "mabuku", "mawonekedwe" ndi "sontov kupita ku Orpheus".
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1897, Rilke adakumana ndi Lu-Andreas Salome - mzimayi yemwe adzakhala mgolomo wamkulu, Wophunzitsa ndi Bwenzi. Kukonda kukongola kwa mayina komwe katswiri kunapangitsa kukulitsa wolemba ndakatulo. Chifukwa cha iye, mvula yamvula idalumikizana ndi mabuku aku Russia ndipo adapita ku Russia koyamba.
Okondedwa anali okwatiwa ndi akuluakulu omwe anali atakalamba kwa zaka 15, maubale awo sanakhale zaka zitatu. Komabe, anapitilizabe kukhala paubwenzi wolimba komanso kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwazaka zambiri, komwe umboniwo umatsimikizira kuti kulemba mochokera pansi pamtima.
Nthawi yomweyo, Austria akumana ndi Sculptor Klamoff, omwe mu 1901 amakhala mkazi wake ndipo amabala mwana wamkazi wa Rute. Komabe, banja la banja ndi ana, zonsezi zomwe zimachitika pamoyo wachimwemwe, sizigwirizana ndi wolemba ndakatulo.
Posakhalitsa amachoka kubanja ndipo amayendayenda ku Europe, osapeza nyumba yokhazikika kulikonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, mvula ndi Clara sanasunge, koma iwo amakhaladera, amathandizira kulankhulana kudzera m'Malemba.
Mkazi womaliza ali pachikondwerero anali wojambula bwino kwambiri ku Baland klosovskaya, yemwe adakhazikika mu 1921 mu 1921 m'ndende yakale ya Musa ku Switzerland. Mkaziyo adasamalira wolemba ndakatulo ndikudzaze zaka zake zomaliza ndi chikondi chake.
Imfa
Kuyambira 1923, Rilke adayamba kukumana ndi mavuto akulu, chifukwa kafukufuku yemwe adafufuzidwa, pomwe ali ku Sanalitorium m'mphepete mwa Lehman. Chithandizo chothandizira zikwangwani sizinabweretse zipatso zapadera. Amunawo adapeza leukemia, yomwe pambuyo pake idakhala yoyambitsa kufa.Chaka chomaliza cha moyo chidadutsa pakati pa nduna ya muno ndi zipatala zambiri. Yakwana nthawi imeneyi pomwe mvula imatsogolera ku makalata odziwika ndi mizimu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makalata. Inabuka pa Disembala 29, 1926. Mwamunayo anakhala ndi moyo zaka 51, adamuikidwa m'manda a Jurron Ramary. M'manda a ndakatuloyo, mawuwo amagogoda, omwe adadzikonzera yekha nthawi yochepa asanamwalire.
M'bali
- 1894 - "Moyo ndi Nyimbo"
- 1895 - "Ozunzidwa a Laramu"
- 1897 - "Ndasowa ndi Maloto"
- 1898 - "Have Khrisimasi"
- 1902 - "Buku la Zithunzi Ino"
- 1903 - "ndakatulo zoyambirira"
- 1905 - "zilembo"
- 1907 - "ndakatulo zatsopano"
- 1909 - "Ndine tchuthi"
- 1912 - "Moyo wa Namwali Mariya"
- 1912-1922 - duinskie
- 1923 - "sonnets to Orpheus"