I-Biograge
I-Commander Giuseppe Garibaldi yi-National Hero of Italy, umholi wenhlangano yenkululeko ngeminyaka ye-1860. Ukubukwa emphakathini, kwezepolitiki kanye nekusasa likaMotherland ongumlando owawuguquki olungiselelwe emisebenzini yobuntatheli.Ubuntwana nentsha
UGiuseppe Garibaldi wazalelwa eFrance ngoJulayi 1807 emndenini womkhumbi wase-Italy wase-Italy nomfazi wakhe osemthethweni. UDomenico Galibaldi noMaria Rosa Nicoletta Raymondi banamathela enkolweni yamaKatolika futhi babona amasiko ezwe.
Ngiseyingane, umfana wawulungiselela ukwamukelwa kwiseminambi engokomoya, kodwa wayephupha ngohambo kuBaba waseMedithera Tartan. Ukuba ngaphansi kokugadwa kwabaluleki abaqinile abafundisa izinto ezijwayelekile zemfundo, inguquko yesikhathi esizayo yacabanga ukuthi izifundo ngeke ziphele.
Naphezu kokuntuleka kokudonswa kokutadisha, uGaribaldi waba nesithakazelo ekwakheni ubuciko bakaDante Aligiery, eFrancesco Petrarki, uNiccolo Makiavelli nabanye abalobi beminyaka edlule. Wayazi ngemikhankaso yamasosha ka-Shpion, uHannibal naseNapoleon I, okuyinto esesikhathini esikude ayenesifiso sokukhanya kwamasiko.
Ebudaleni, isiNtaliyane sakhuluma isiFulentshi, isiNgisi neSpanishi, kukhona imininingwane ayezama ukuwela kahle isiLatin nesiGreki sasendulo. Ngokucabanga nge "Ilia" ne "Odyssey" yenkondlo yasendulo yeHomer, iGiuseppe yazama imilolotelo futhi yazama ukubhala izinkondlo.
Maphakathi no-1823, indodana yenduna yemikhumbi yabathengisi yenza isifiso sezingane futhi yaba umatilosi ochwepheshe. Ngesikhathi sokuphuma eMedithera, wakhonza waze wasebenza kuze kube ukaputeni, uSchionen obizwa ngokuthi "uClorinda" wayeyithanda njengendlu yabazali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu yesiguquli sase-Italy kwakukhona abalingani abathathu abasemthethweni, umshado wokuqala wenzeka ngo-1842. Ngo-Anna Maria die Gesuru, wahlangana neBrazil lapho empini eseNingizimu Melika eyayiyala umkhumbi weRio Carnation.Owesifazane oseye waba ngumngane kaGaribaldi, inzalo eminingi, amadodana eseyizepolitiki ayekufanelekile ama-oda ahlonishwayo. Lapho ekhuphuka izingane, u-Ana wabamba iqhaza ezimpini nasekuthambekeni kweRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma, kwathi kunesimo esigulayo, wafa ngokungazelelwe.
NgoJanuwari 1860, uGiuseppe washada noJuseppin Raymondi, kepha umshado wamukelwa njengengasebenzi ngemuva konyaka owunyaka we-19. Ngemuva kokususa lowo oshade naye, umkhuzi waya eFrancesca Arosino, wamukele umfana namantombazane ngaphambi komshado.
Indodakazi ka-Anna-Maria yase-Extramarital, ezalwe yinkosikazi kaBattysina Harhello ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe eMeningitis, yathola isibongo sikayise. Kwakukhona abanye besifazane abaziwayo ababikade bebambene nomkhuzi, kodwa abalindelanga iziphakamiso ezivela kumfelokazi onothando.
Polat Polati, isihlobo seMarshal Marshal Murata, iBritish Aristocrat of Emma Roberts kanye ne-Revolutionary Jesse White. Umlobi wase-Europe u-Ellis Melen uxhase imali eGaribaldi ngokwezimali, amaMemoirs abekwe esizeni esingokomlando afakazelwa.
I-Countess Maria Martinique Della Torre futhi ayizange isaze ukuvela nokubukeka kweNtaliyane, eyayizama ukuhlanganisa izwe. Wabubula indoda evelele isikhathi eside, kepha inguquko ayizange iphindile, ikhetha imizwa yempi.
Umdwebo kaGaribaldi uzungezwe umndeni omningi, izingane kanye nabazukulu babamba umculi ngonyaka we-1878. Abaphumelele endabeni ye-Commander kusukela esemncane bajwayele ukuhambelana njalo nebhizinisi nokuzibandakanya emsebenzini oyingozi.
Ikhasi elikhanyayo ku-biuseppe kwakunguLungu embhedeni we-masonic, wayengumphathi we- "Great East Italy" ngawo-1860s. Uzakwabo uFrancesco Chrisci, u-Ishthan Türr noGiacomo Melici bangena "ekuphephelweni kwamandla" - inyunyana eyaziwa ngemibuthano emincane.
Umsebenzi wezempi nezepolitiki
Entwasahlobo yango-1833, uGaribaldi wajoyina umphakathi "I-Italy encane", wazama ukuhlela ukuvukela eGenoa futhi waletha ulaka lwabaphathi bendawo. Ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjiwe, le nsizwa yayicashe eTunisia, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuxoshwa kwathuthela eMarseille.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, uGiuseppe waya e-Brigger "The Maritime" eBrazil, phakathi nempi eRiphabhulikhi yaseRandi wathumba imibuthano. Le ndoda yayala i-flotilla kaMongameli uBratu Gonzalvis futhi yaduma endabeni yezwe elizimele laseNingizimu Melika.
Maphakathi no-1842, umphathi ohlonishwayo onobunikazi abaningi waba yi-legionnaineaire of uruguay, ebambe iqhaza ekuvikeleni izwe. Ngemuva kwezinguquko zepapa pia, ix garibaldi yaya e-Italy, ngikholelwa ukuthi amakhono akhe amavelele ayedingeka lapho.
Ukufika kuNice, indoda yajwayela ifezeli kaGiuseppe Mazzini, kanye noCarl Albert, owaba yinkosi eSardenia. Njengoba ususungule izidumbu zokuzithandela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenhlangano kazwelonke yenkululeko, inguquko yalwa nama-approan eza e-Italy yindlela yesikhova.
Izenzo zeSonto LamaKatolika zashintsha imibono yezepolitiki kaGaribaldi, waphakamisa ukuvukela eRoma futhi wamemezela uhlelo lweRepublican. Ukubonisa ukuhlaselwa kwabasekeli bakaPapa - uFerdinand II noNicolas Udinos - indoda ithole isimo se-Revolutionary ne-National Hero.
Ehlobo lika-1848, uPiy IX ebuyela emandleni, uGiuseppe wabalekela enyakatho, lapho ehlangana nonkosikazi wokuqala. Abalingani kanye namavolontiya bathola indawo yokukhosela emhlabeni weSan Marino, kodwa ngokushesha umphathi ngamavolontiya ayefuna ukuqhubeka nempi.
Ngemuva kweshumi leminyaka, kwaqubuka impi ukuze i-Union of Italy, uGaribaldi waba nguMkhulu Omkhulu Ebuthweni Leziqhingi zaseSardinian. I-Commander "Alpine Hunters" Camillo Benzo Di Kavur, indoda eyabhubhisa amakhulukhulu abahlaseli abahle kakhulu nezitha ezingenakuphikwa.
Ngenxa yomkhankaso, uMilan noLombardy baba yingxenye yoMbuso omenyezelwe, uGiuseppe wakhetha ilungu lePhalamende ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1860. Ngemuva kwalokho waba ngumashiqela weSisily, ongazange ahlanganyele noMbuso, ngemuva kokulinyazwa empini ne-Aspromate, wasindiswa ngudokotela ohlinzayo uNikolai Pirogov.
Amasosha uGaribaldi azamile ukuba abanikazi baseRoma, ekhuluma ngokumelene neSonto LamaKatolika, upapa weziphathimandla zaseRoma nezasekhaya. Imisebenzi ye-Commander kanye negalelo yayo enkonhlisweni kazwelonke kamuva kwakalwa izinkulungwane zabantu abadumile.
Ngezingcingo zokuthathwa kweRoma Giuseppe, zibhekisela esiqhingini saseCarper, kusukela kusixhumanisi asithumele incwadi eya kusasa lozakwabo ukuze lilwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indoda eyenziwe yabasebenzi yabaphikisi equkethe imininingwane ekhethekile ngempi yenkululeko.
Ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana kombuso waseJalimane nombuso, uNapoleon III Italy wayithola inkululeko futhi wajoyina amabutho aseFrance. Ukulwa namabutho ka-Otto Bismarck, umdanso wesibindi esihle esibonisile isibindi, ukuthandwa kwakhe kwagujwa ngabantu ababandakanyeka kwimibuthano ephakeme.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1870s, uGaribaldi wasebenza eMhlanganweni Kazwelonke, kepha ukuntuleka kwesimo sesakhamuzi saseParis senza iPhini Likagunya Lenza Iphini. Ngesikhathi kusungulwa kweComune, wacelwa ukuba ahole ibutho lempi, ngemuva kokunqaba le ndawo kwakukhona omunye umuntu owayengumuntu owayengukhetho.
Ukushona
Ukulimala okuningi kanye nomthwalo wezengqondo owenziwe ngempilo kaGaribaldi, ngo-1876 wawa ngokusobala. Le ndoda yenziwe ngezinkinga zezezimali nabathandekayo, uNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Nezindaba Zangaphakathi Zabasiza ukubasiza.Ukuze uthole ukwamukelwa kwesipho esivela kuHulumeni, i-Juseppe yayigxeka ngesihluku, kepha isikhundla samaqembu alungile futhi kwesobunxele azange sithinte umbono wabantu abavamile. Umoya wokulwa we-Italiya odumile waphakamisa uhambo oluya eSicily, ukwamukelwa kwezakhamizi entshiseko kwahlala izinsuku ezinhle.
Ukufa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo kwavela umkhuzi kanye nenqubomgomo yendlu, washona efeni elise-CapreCher ezungezwe amalungu omndeni. Ithuna esiqhingini esincane eMaddalena Archipelago ngenxa yendawo eseceleni iminyaka eyikhulu yayisikhohlwa.
Ama-aphorisms
- "Uma ngingazifaki engcupheni, khona-ke nje ngenze nje angiboni ithemba lokuphumelela."
- "Inani lezinto zokusanhlamvu linqunywa ngesivuno salo, inani lomuntu inzuzo ukuthi angaletha umakhelwane wakhe. Ukuzalwa, bukhoma, ukudla, ukuphuza futhi ekugcineni kufa kungaba nesinambuzane ... umuntu uphila impilo ewusizo ngenxa yezixuku. "
- "Ukuze kufezeke isivumelwano phakathi kwamaNtaliyane, kudingeka induku enhle."
Ukukhumbula
- Igama likaGiuseppe Garibaldi ligama ligama laqanjwa ama-Street eMoscow, i-Taganog, eRostov-on-Don, derbent.
- Amafilimu kaMario Caselini "Amafilimu weGaribaldi" anikezelwa ezimpilweni zenguquko, inkulungwane ", uValeriu Gashiu" Isiboshwa Esikhulu ", uHulumane imbongi", uJayolo Boit "ama-Morcos UShishtman "Indlu yabesifazane abayisikhombisa".
- Ukuhlonipha i-garibaldi, umbono we-hypypkops rubicundus agenic fish
- E-Odessa, kunesikhungo somlando namasiko e-Italy aqanjwe ngoGiuseppe Garibaldi.
- Kufakwe izikhumbuzo zama-Commander in Nice, Bologna, Milan, Bergamo, Geke, Pisa, Padua, Mantua.
- I-Portrait yeGaribaldi iboniswa kwimikhiqizo ye-Italy ne-USSR, ngohlamvu lwe-Jubilee lwe-Jubilee Isithunzi sama-2 euro akhishwe eRiphabhulikhi yaseSan Marino.