I-Biograge
U-Alexander Mitta - Umqondisi wefilimu waseSoviet noRussia, owayeneminyaka eminingi yobuqambi wawina uthando olungenamibandela lwezithameli. E-akhawunti yakhe kukhona i-Cult Thiltin embalwa. Ubuye waba ngumbhali wefilimu yokuqala yeSoviet - "yabasebenzi benhlekelele". Namuhla, iningi lesikhathi uMitta linikeza ukukhuliswa kwesizukulwane esisha sama-cinematographiers nemisebenzi yezenhlalo.Ubuntwana nentsha
Lesi sibongo somqondisi wefilimu u-Alexander Mitty - Rabinovich. Wazalwa ngoMashi 1933 emndenini ohlakaniphile waseMoscow, amaJuda ngobuzwe, lapho abazali nogogo nomkhulu bakhashelwa yizinhloso zika-Okthoba. Isiphetho esibuhlungu sikamama u-Alexander Naumovich. Owesifazane wayesenza isigwebo emakamu aseSiberia, futhi impilo yakhe yaphela kusenesikhathi. Indodana yabeka ezinyaweni zezinyawo zakhe, kuphela eminyakeni yakudala, eyathola umngane womshado.
U-Alexander Naumovich wayengumuntu obhalisayo: wayezama ukupenda, wazidweba futhi waphupha ngokuba ngumculi. Kepha umhlaba we-cinema noManil Sasha Rabinovich ovela eminyakeni yokuhlobisa.
Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni, u-Alexander Rabinovich wahamba amadokhumenti aye eyunivesithi yezobuciko. Kepha kungekudala le nsizwa yaxoshwa lapho: ithalente likaSasha lalisondele kakhulu emphakathini wezenhlalo. Umdwebi ongaziwa wanquma ukuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe kwenye i-Metropolitan Institute - Ubunjiniyela nokwakha. Umeluleki wakhe wawungumuntu owayedumile nomakhi we-konstantin Melnikov. Ngo-1955, u-Alexander aphothule eyunivesithi, kodwa angifuni ukusebenza njengomakhi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlala okufushane eyunivesithi ye-ART kuvunyelwe uRabinovich ukuthola ama-oda we-caricature eCrocodile, bese - kwimifanekiso ebhukwini lezingane "izithombe ezijabule".
Lapho umculi eletha ama-caricature akhe ukuba "ingqwele". Imidwebo ithande umhleli, kepha wenqaba ukuwuthatha umsebenzi, ethi "uRabinovich eCrocodile" sekuvele kungukugcwala. "
Ngo-1955, u-Alexander Rabinovich waba yiMitta. By the way, ku-Mitta yentsha akazange acashe futhi ayenamahloni ngemvelaphi yamaJuda. Futhi njenge-pseudonym ngisho nokuthatha isibongo sesiHeberu sesihlobo esisodwa kumama.
Imfundo yesibili ephakeme, u-Alexander, waya kokwamukela eVGIK, lapho ngaleso sikhathi bafundisa khona u-Otar Iselosi, uLarisa Shefenko, uGeorgy Shenggheli. Izinyanga ezi-2 insizwa yavakashela inkambo ka-Alexander Dovzhenko, kodwa ngokushesha uMoma uMoma wazala inkosi yakhe. Kwesinye isifundo, u-Andrei Tarkovsky noVasily Shukshin bafunda no-Alexander.
Amafilimu
I-cinematic Biography ka-Alexander Mitty yaqala ngo-1961 emsebemeni wokuphothula iziqu. U-Alexander kanye naye ofunda naye u-Alexey Salltykov wabeka itheyiphu yakhe "Mo mo mosfilm" esitudiyo "sami. Kwakuyisisekelo segama elifanayo loMdali woMdali ka-Alexander Khmelerik, igama elifanayo loMdali woMdali.Akekho umuntu obekulindele i-melodrama yokuthweswa iziqu mayelana nezinkinga zezingane kanye nezikole zizongena emidwebo engamashumi amabili ethandwa kakhulu ka-1961. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuze kube nguDisemba "mngani wami, kolka!" Akabonanga zibukeli ezincane ezingama-24 ze-USSR.
Isihloko sentsha, sishaywe ngempumelelo kwifilimu yokuthweswa iziqu, wavuka kakhulu. Ngo-1962, u-Alexander Mitta usevele wakhipha isithombe esithi "Ngaphandle Kokwesaba Nokuhlanjalazwa." Ithiphu yesithathu ku-filtigraphy of the Director, egameni elithi "shayela, vula umnyango", unesifiso esitayela esibi senkosi encane. Kwakungekho mbono oyisidina futhi usikiwe empilweni. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkinga zezingane nentsha ziyavezwa kahle. Le Ribbon inentshisekelo kuzo zombili izingane nabantu abadala. Ngo-1966, lesi sithombe sathola umklomelo omkhulu woMkhosi WamaVenetian wamafilimu wezingane - "ibhubesi legolide loMarku Longcwele".
Ngo-1969, i-biography yokudala ka-Alexander Naumovich yagcwaliswa ngekhasi elisha: Umqondisi osemusha waqala waba ngumlingisi. UMitta udlale ubuhlakani bakwaVladik eMarlene Huziyev's Painting obizwa nge- "Julayi Imvula".
Isihloko sentsha sasisondelene kakhulu noMitta kangangokuba waphinde waqhubeka naye esithombeni esilandelayo "iphuzu, ichashaza, ukhefana ...", ekhishwe kwizikrini ngo-1972. Futhi ngale ntambo, u-Alexander uqobo wabhala umbhalo. Ikhono lomqondisi laqashelwa ngokuvamile. Ekuqaleni kwama-70s, i-movie yathola imiklomelo eminingi ye-cinematic, kufaka phakathi izwe (eShelker).
Kusuka ezihlokweni ezijwayelekile zentsha, u-Alexander Mitta wathuthela amaRagibons "eMoscow, uthando lwami" (Melodrama), "Cares Arape athi," Gori, Gori, inkanyezi yami "(Tragicomedy) no- Course, kwi-New for Soviet Cinema yalesosikhathi uhlobo lwefilimu - inhlekelele. Ngakho-ke, inganekwane yezithombe "abasebenzi" basusiwe. Ngezikhathi, lapho kungekho muntu ezwa noma yini nge-computer graphic, kwadingeka ngabona ubuqiniso bokushisa ngempela izindiza eziningana.
By the way, imali yale phrojekthi ebizayo u-Alexander Mitta wayifuna ngokuzimela, ngoba inkonzo yenqabe ukunikeza imali ngetheyipu "engadingekile" nelithi "okungenasidingo". Sponsor umqondisi esatholakala - baba yi-aeroflot. Le yifilimu yezentengiso efakwe kwizimali ze-extrabudgetary. "Crew" - umholi wokuqashwa kuwo wonke umlando weSoviet Cinema. Kepha uMitta ngokwakhe akazange athole lutho oluvela kuphrojekthi ephumelelayo, kodwa waba yinganekwane.
Abalingisi bavunyiwe ezindimeni eziyinhloko ngokushesha bathola uthando lwe-All-Union. Lona umculi we-novice uLeonid Filatov, owathatha indawo ka-Oleg Daly, u-Alexander Yakovlev, obamba iqhaza lakhe uTatiana Donileva, noGeorgy Zhorzov, owathatha indawo yakhe ekhethiwe u-Alexei Petrenko.
Isigaba esisha esilandelayo emsebenzini womqondisi uMitta kwakuyindaba yomculo yokukhohlisa ebizwa ngokuthi "inganekwane", lapho u-Andrei Mironov edlalela indima enkulu. Lesi sithombe siyathakazelisa ngoba, ngokudubula, u-Alexander Naumovich wazinquma yena, kuthiwani ngezikole ezimbili ze-cinematic kuye eduze - uSergey Eisenstein noma iKonstantin Staniyavsky. Iteyipu yaphenduka uhlobo lwe- "hybrid" yemibono ehlukene yokudala, ukuhlanganisa okuxakile okungahambelani.
Umsebenzi ogqamile we-Master kwakuyifilimu "Isinyathelo" sokukhiqizwa kweSoviet - ukukhiqizwa kwaseSoviet, ukutshela ngoMama kaCaako, olahlekelwe yingane ngesikhathi se-polio. Owesifazane wafika e-USSR ukuthola umuthi wokugoma ethembeni lokusindisa indodana esisindile, kodwa wahluleka ukuwela umngcele ngenxa yezinqubomgomo eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamazwe ambalwa aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe aphakathi kwamazwe. Ukuxabana okude komama baseJapan, udokotela kanye neziphathimandla zaseSoviet bavumela i-Ribbon ukuthi iphele ngenothi elihle.
Enye ifilimu, ngemuva kwalokho u-Alexander Mitta wenza indawo ende yeminyaka eyi-10 emsebenzini - "elahlekile eSiberia". Lesi yisithombe esihlanganyelwe saseBrithani esihlanganisiwe mayelana nodokotela wobuciko besiNgisi esibunjiweyo emakamu kaStalin. Ngale minyaka, uMitta akazange adubule amafilimu amasha, kodwa wavakashela e-United States kanye namazwe amaningi aseYurophu, lapho ancoma khona lokho futhi afundisa umqondisi.
Ngo-2000, uMitta waphinda wakhumbuza kakhulu ngochungechunge oluthi "umngcele. Inoveli ye-taiga. " Kule teyipu, u-Alexander Naumovich ngonyaka we-2002 wanikezwa umklomelo woMbuso weRussia Federation. Ngokushesha uMqondisi ukhulule amanye amafilimu ama-2 ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene - idrama yezobugebengu "ngoMgqibelo obomvu" nochungechunge oluthi "swanga Paradine Paradine".
Omunye wemisebenzi yokugcina ngu-Alexander Mitta kwakuyifilimu ekhuluma ngomculi odumile uMark Shagale ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe eVitebsk. I-Ribbon "Shagal - UMalevich" waqashwa ngonyaka we-2013.
Ngo-2018, u-Alexander Mitta wabamba iqhaza e-VII yomkhosi wefilimu waseMoscow "sizophila!", Lapho athatha khona indawo eJury. Lo mncintiswano wethulwa uhlelo olukhulu lwabaqondisi abasebasha abasanda kuqala indlela yabo eya nge-cinema.
U-Alexander Mitta ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningana. Umsebenzi wokuqala wemibhalo "iVitya eTiger Shikure" uvele ngo-1960. Esikhathini esisha sekhulu, lo mqondisi wakhipha uhlelo lwe-movie phakathi kwesihogo nePharadesi: I-Cinema ku-Eisenstein, eChekhov, eHallongu, uFarkovsky ... ".
Ngokuka-Alexander Naumovich, le ncwadi iyasiza futhi ama-cinematographiphs afundwa izisekelo zekhono, futhi abafundi abanentshisekelo yobuciko bezinqwaba. Kanye nomkakhe, umqondisi wefilimu ubamba iqhaza ekwakheni izincwadi zezinqwaba zezingane.
Enye yalezi zincwadi ezinhle "umbhede wesimangaliso" yashicilelwa ngonyaka ka-2015. Uhlobo lulula ngokubona futhi luyinkimbinkimbi ngokubhala - izinkondlo zengane. Le ncwadi ifaka izindaba ezintathu mayelana nabafana - into ethile eyaqala ukusungula ukusungulwa ukuze ingaphumi embhedeni noma ukugijima izilwane enyangeni. Umbhali wezinkondlo ngu-Alexander Naumovich uqobo. Le ncwadi ihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso ehlekisayo kaConstantine Rotov.
Engxoxweni ne-eclectic online magazine, umqondisi ukhuluma ngesitayela sakhe somsebenzi:
"Ngeke uzenze wena uqobo: Ngacabanga ngesabekayo kaningana - futhi kwakungesibi. Izindawo zami zingamahlaya amnandi, ezamehlela, izinganekwane, zonke ezixhumene nenganekwane, inganekwane ...Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ka-Alexander Naumovich yayinesivunguvungu. ULily Lilia Mitta othandekayo u-Litta waholela emndenini. Umyeni kaMarova, u-Igor, wabhala "iqiniso." Futhi bonke abashadikazi babemangalisa kuze kube yilapho indlu yokushicilela ingavelanga i-cartoonist sasha rasha rabinovich. Amahemuhemu ahlasela ngenoveli. Umyeni ka-Lily weza ku-Alexander enkonzweni yomphakathi ukuze "athole kwabesilisa."
Kodwa-ke, ukubona igumbi lapho kwakukhona amatafula ama-5, kulahlwe ngamaphepha, kanye nesakhiwo esincane sosofa, sazisola ngalo mphikisi. Futhi ukukhula kuka-Alexander Mitta kwakuphansi kakhulu kuno-Igor. Amadoda akhuluma. Umyeni kaMarova wanquma ukuthi le nkinga yaphelile ngale ngxoxo futhi lily maduze nje izokhipha ekhanda le-cartoonist empofu. Kepha lokhu akwenzekanga - umka ekugcineni waya enkonzweni yomphakathi eya eMitte.
Iminyaka emi-2 umyeni wakudala akazange anikeze umgadli wesehlukaniso, yize kunjalo, indodana ka-Eugene isivele yazalelwa eMitta naseMarova. IJunior Mitt yaziwa njengomdwebi, omsebenzi wawo oboniswa ngamaqoqo wangasese nawembusi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mbhangqwana wawuthola eyakhe indlu ku-georgia encane. Ukuze basize u-Alexander Naumovich umngani wakhe uVladimir Vysotsky. Yena noMarina bathi kaningi kumqondisi. Kwakukhona futhi nabadlali beshashalazi "yesimanje", izinkampani zokudala zaqoqwa endlini yokungenisa izihambi ngemuva kwenduna ngayinye.
Izithombe ezihlangene zabangani kanye nozakwabo ukuziqhenya kobomvana komphathi womqondisi.
U-Alexander Mitta manje
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Alexander Naumovich manje usuxhumene nomsebenzi weSikole Sakhe sefilimu. Isikhungo semfundo siveza ama-workshop ukufundisa izimo, abaqondisi, abasebenza, abasebenza, abakhiqizi nabalingisi. Nazi izigaba ezimangazayo zabamele embonini ye-cinematic yaseRussia.Isikole samafilimu sifundisa izigwegwe ukudala uchungechunge, amafilimu aphelele noma amabhuku. Amakilasi aqhutshwa kusihlwa, okuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise imfundo nomsebenzi. Izifundo ze-inthanethi zivele endaweni yokusebenzela. Izifundo zokuphuma zibanjelwe izakhamizi zezifundazwe nakwamanye amazwe. Amakilasi we-Alexander Mitty School Master Master ahola ubuntu obudumile njengoDmitry Astrakhan, Pavel Sanaev kanye neTimur Bekmambetov. Isimemezelo semicimbi namasemina ka-2021 abekwe kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomqondisi wefilimu ngo-2021.
UMitta uyaqiniseka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukufundisa umuntu ukuthi asebenze, kodwa achaze ukuthi yiziphi imali ezenziwe amadolo efilimu, kungenzeka. U-Alexander Naumovich uzibiza ngokuyinhloko. Uhlanganyela izimfihlo zekhono nabafundi. Umqondisi unolwazi olucebile lokufundisa. Phambilini, wahola izifundo ze-cinematographic eJalimane, waqeqesha abafundi ku-VKSP.
Ulwazi lwe-Master ludlulisela ngomphefumlo, lulele ekwazini kwabantu abasha okulinganisela phakathi kobuqambi kanye nesiyalo:
"Inqubo yokusebenza kwesimo kufanele idale umuzwa weholide, indiza yomphefumlo, kepha hhayi ukundiza hhayi phambi kobuningi bezinto ongeke ukwazi ukwenzani, uyakudinga uhlelo lokuzithandela lokuzithandela. "Naphezu kokuchichima komsebenzi ophumelelayo nobudala, u-Alexander Mitta uhlala eyindoda ehlakaniphile futhi eyisizotha, udumo olukhulu lukaMqondisi aluzange luphungeze futhi luphulwe.
Izics
- Ngo-1961 - "Mngane wami, kolka!"
- Ngo-1962 - "Ngaphandle Kokwesaba Nokuhlanjalazwa"
- Ngo-1965 - "Shayela, vula umnyango"
- Ngo-1969 - "Gori, Gori, Star Yami"
- 1972 - "Iphuzu, Khomba, Comma ..."
- Ngo-1974 - "I-Moscow, sithandwa sami"
- Ngo-1976 - "Tale mayelana nokuthi inkosi uPerr Arap yayishada kanjani"
- 1979 - "CREW"
- 1982 - "I-Fairy Tale Wanders"
- 1991 - "elahlekile eSiberia"
- 2000 - "Umngcele. Inoveli yeTaiga "
- 2002 - "NgoMgqibelo Obomvu"
- Ngo-2004 - IPharadesi laseSwan
- 2013 - "Shagal - Malevich"