I-Biograge
URobert Redford ungumlingisi wefilimu waseMelika, umkhiqizi kanye nomqondisi, umnikazi wemiklomelo emibili ye-Oscar, kufaka phakathi i-debut yomqondisi - ifilimu "yabantu abavamile." Umsunguli we-American Institute of Independent Cinema Sandens kanye neSundar International Film Festival.
URobert Redfo wazalelwa edolobheni laseCalifornia eSanta Monica ngo-Agasti 1936 emndenini olula. Umama wayengunkosikazi wasendlini, washona ngawo-1955, uyise ekuqaleni wasebenza ngesisekelo sobisi, kodwa kamuva wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi njenge-accountant enkampanini yamafutha.
URobert wasukuma efuna ukwazi futhi uthanda ingane, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umfana unezinkinga ngokuziphatha. URedford wafunda ukupenda, wabandakanyeka e-baseball ne-tennis futhi waze wacabanga nge-drainage ye-cascaderal. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-15, le nsizwa izame ukunikeza isitudiyo sefilimu "abafowethu basendulo" njengomculi wamaqhinga, kepha ingane encane yenqatshwa umsebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho uRobert wanquma ukuthuthuka ngokuzimela kulokhu: le nsizwa yagibela ezindongeni zezakhiwo, yaze yagxuma isuka ezindaweni eziphakemeyo, yanelisa umjaho we-auto.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, uRobert Redford waya ukungena e-University of Colorado. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala kwanciphisa ukuhlala komfundi kulesi sikhungo. Ngemuva kwalokho uRobert wathuthela eNew York futhi wangena eyunivesithi yendawo, ekhetha ubuhlakani bezobuciko nokungqala ukubonwa. Njengoba usuthole idiploma, uRedford wanquma ukubona umhlaba futhi waya eYurophu. Lapho ebuyela eNew York, waba ngumfundi wePratta Institute ngokukhetha "umculi weshashalazi."
Maduze nje umhlaba weshashalazi wawususwe uRobert kangaka athunjiwe afunda kangangokuba wafunda amakhono azosebenza e-Academy of Art Omusha.
Amafilimu
I-Debut yeCalifornian's Ording esiteshini eseshashalazini yenzeka ngo-1959. Umdwebi osemncane wamema enye yezincwadi zedolobha elikhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-cinematic biography kaRobert Redford yaqala. Ekuqaleni, le nsizwa yamenyelwa esixukwini futhi yanikeza iziqephu ochungechungeni. Kepha ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960, umlingisi ubeka izinkanyezi ezindimeni zecebo lesibili kuma-serials "mkhuba", "indawo ka-Twilight" kanye no- "Alfred Hichkok amele."
Indima enkulu kwifilimu ephelele yesikhathi esigcwele yafika eRedford ngo-1962. Kuqondiswe nguSidney Pollak othile wamema umlingisi osemusha kwifilimu "yokuzingela ngokwezempi". Ukwanelele ngePolac esikhathini esizayo waphenduka ukubambisana okuthelayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Kepha ukuqashelwa kwalo mculi kufike eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva, kanye nedrama "pogona" Arthur Penn.
Isiphetho esizayo sikaRobert Redford njengoba umlingisi wefilimu echaze i-Cult Western "Buch Cassidy kanye ne-Sandens Kid". URedford uvele emfanekisweni we- "Beble Bandit" yamaSandens. Futhi phansi kukaNewman, owadlala naye eTandem, ngokulandelana, wasithola isithombe sikaCassidy. I-Western ayizange iguquke ngokushesha yaba othandekayo ngezigidi zefilimu, ifilimu yathonywa kakhulu nge-cinema yaseMelika. Kulula ukubikezela ukuthi iRedford ngemuva kokukhishwa kwefilimu yakhuphuka yi-Star Hollywood. Umdwebi wathola umklomelo wokuqala ohlonishwayo - umklomelo weBritish Film Academy Prize.
Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ngonyaka we-1972, uRobert Redford wakwazi ukuvula inkampani yakhe yefilimu "ngokhuni lwasendle". Isimo sezezimali esiqinisiwe savumela umlingisi ukuthi axhase ngokuxhaphaza ukudutshulwa kwemidwebo emibili yezepolitiki ethandwayo "nokhetho" "wonke umongameli" owayenomumo omuhle.
Kule minyaka, umlingisi ususwa kakhulu. URedford uvele kumaphrojekthi wokulinganisa 'weScam', "izinsuku ezintathu ze-Condor", "Rider Electric", lapho ahlangana khona ne-Jane indawo efakwe inkanyezi epaki " ). Ngeqhaza likaJohnny Johnny, uKelly Hooker esithombeni "Scam" Redford waqokwa okokuqala ku-Oscar.
Iminyaka yama-1980 yaba yinguquko ekufezeni okudala kukaRobert Redford. Kulonyaka, umlingisi wasungula i-sandesian film Institute ePark City. Namuhla, lesi yisikhungo semfundo esihlonishwayo, ngesisekelo sawo njalo ngonyaka uMkhosi Wezomkhosi Ogunyaziwe we-Independent Cinema ubanjwa. URedford uyaziqhenya ngokuthi umkhosi wefilimu wanikeza ithikithi lokuphila kwamafilimu alo mqondisi kaQuentin Tarantino noPaul Thomas Anderson.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uRedford waxoshwa njengoMqondisi, esusa iphrojekthi yokuqala - idrama "yabantu abavamile." Itheyipu yaya ezikrinini ngo-1981 futhi yaletha uRobert ngokunqoba kwangempela - umklomelo we-Oscar we-Directory. Le primiyamu ibaluleke kakhulu ngeqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi wakhe wokudubula waletha i-statuette oyifunayo.
Kulezi zinkomba ezilandelayo zikaRobert Redford, amaphrojekthi "lapho umfula ugeleza" khona lapho indima eyinhloko eya eBrad Pitt, kanye "ne-caster caster" iphumelele. Efilimu lokugcina, umqondisi wabamba iqhaza elikhulu. Womabili amateyipu awela ekuphakanyisweni kweGolide Globe.
Ekhulwini elisha, amafilimu ahlelekile aqhubeka nokugcwaliswa ngamaphrojekthi abalulekile, izilinganiso zazo zahlala ziphakeme kakhulu. Lesi yinqaba yokugcina ", ngendima enkulu lapho uRobert athole khona umvuzo wezigidi eziyi-11, umlobi wezobugebengu" imidlalo yokuhlola ", idrama ye-adventure".
Ngo-2012, kwaqhamuka umdwebi othokozisayo "imidlalo engcolile" emibili kamuva - emgodini omangalisayo "ngokuzalwa kuqala: lapho uChris Evans futhi ebambezele khona," Scarlett Johansson noSamuel L. Jackson.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umfazi wokuqala kaRedford waba uLola Wang Wagenen, ofunda naye eyunivesithi. Intsha yashada ngoSepthemba 1958 futhi yahlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-27. Isikhathi sokuqala sabalingani abavumile ama-mormonism, bazama ukufundisa kabusha iRestford, bawushayela kabusha ekupendweni nasekuphuzeni utshwala. Kepha ngemuva kokuthuthela eNew York, uRobert waqhubeka nemfundo yobuciko, futhi waqala ukuya kuhlaka lwemidlalo yasemashaweni ebanzi, evela kwimibukiso yezokuzijabulisa.
4 Izingane zivele kulo mshado, kepha izibulo lafa ezinyangeni ezi-2 ubudala. Ukufakelwa kwamanye ama-Redford Firstspring kuthuthukise ngokuphepha. Indodakazi endala kaSean Jean, owazalwa ngo-1960, indodana yalo mculi, indodana kaDavida uJames azalwa ngo-1962 yaba ngumhlanganyeli wefilimu, nendodakazi encane kunazo zonke u-Amy Hart, ovele ngo-1970, - umlingisi nomqondisi.
Maphakathi nawo-1980s, isikebhe somndeni sangena ukugeleza: umlingisi nomqondisi bawina inoveli nomlingisi omncane, uSonya Braga, ohlwithe eRedford Film.
Kusukela lapho, impilo yomuntu siqu kaRobert Redford iye yashintshana kakhulu. Ngo-2009, inkanyezi yaseHollywood yashada ngokwesibili. Kepha unkosikazi wesibili wayengumsizi nonobhala weSibill Satsagar, umdwebi owenziwa ngumsebenzi, lapho umlingisi ayehlala khona emshadweni wangempela isikhathi eside.
URobert Redford, ngokuba uphawu lobulili obuzwayo lwama-70s nawo-1980s, usaqhubeka nefomu elihle kakhulu le-PhcICK, eliqinisekiswe yizithombe eziningi zomculi ezivela kwabezindaba nomsebenzi wakhe osebenzayo.
Robert Redford manje
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngonyaka ka-2016 uRobert Redford wamemezela ukuphela komsebenzi osebenzayo, amafilimu anenkanyezi ye-cinema yaseMelika aqhubeka nokuphuma kwizikrini.Ngo-2017, i-Premiere ye-Drama "Yemiphefumulo yethu ebusuku" yenzeka eVenice Festival, lapho uJane Pofared noRobert Redfod badlala izindima eziyinhloko. Amaqhawe efilimu aba makhelwane, ngemuva kokuthandana naye, anquma ukuthola eduze. Bobabili abadlali abavele kaninginingi ngohlaka lwesikhathi somsebenzi ndawonye, bathola iprimiyamu ekhethekile yomkhosi wefilimu.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqalwa umbukiso wenye ifilimu, lapho uRobert Redford aqhamuke khona lapho esebenza khona. Le yiteyiphu emnandi "evulwa" ngososayensi ofakazile ukuthi ngemuva kokufa kukhona impilo. Ngemuva kokumenyezelwa kwedatha yesayensi emhlabeni, kwaqala uchungechunge lokuzibulala ngobuningi. Kule filimu kuphinde kwafakwa inkanyezi uJason Sigel noRooney Mara.
Manje uRobert Redford usebenza ngobungcweti obulandelayo - idrama "ikhehla nesibhamu." Kwifilimu, yena uqobo azokhiqiza, umdwebi uzodlala umlingiswa ophambili. Umlingisi we-Forrest Forrest uhlanganyele ebubini impilo yakhe yonke. Empilweni yelanga, ikhehla lithathwa ngaphezulu kwento yokugcina.
Izics
- Ngo-1962 - "Ukuzingela Empini Yempi"
- Ngo-1969 - "Buch Cassidi kanye ne-Sandens
- 1973 - "Scam"
- Ngo-1974 - "Great Gatsby"
- 1979 - "Rider Electric"
- 1985 - "Ukusuka e-Afrika"
- 1993 - "Isiphakamiso Esingafanele"
- 1998 - "I-Caster of Horses"
- 2001 - "Spy Games"
- 2012 - "Imidlalo Engcolile"
- 2014 - "Umphikisi wokuqala: Enye impi"
- 2017 - "Ukuvula"