I-Biograge
URudolf Nureyev - umdwebi odumile we-ballet, owayefunwa esigabeni saseSoviet, nakwamanye amazwe. Kubhekwa njengomdansi odume kakhulu wekhulu lama-20, kanye nenqubo kaRudolph kanye ne-jump yakhe - i-shrittostaty. Ngemuva kohambo lwaseParisian ngo-1961, wenqaba ukubuyela eSoviet Union, wacela ukukhoseliswa kwezepolitiki futhi waba ngomunye wababaleki abadumile emlandweni wasekhaya. Ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi wokudansa, i-Nureyev yazama ngokwakhe njengomdwebi womdwebi, futhi njenge-acter yamafilimu, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje wayengumqhubi weParis Opera.Ubuntwana nentsha
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Biography kaRudolf Nureyev, empeleni u-Irkutsk wabhalwa e-Irkutsk, empeleni wazalwa esitimeleni, esalandela iVladivostok, futhi esiteshini sesitimela akukude ne-Irkutsk. URudolph waba umntwana omncane emndenini wezikhali zezepolitiki zebutho elibomvu le-hamet sakevich, tatar for perwoortiolity, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe fangu agellullovna. I-Ballet Star yayinodadewethu abathathu abadala: URosa, i-ROSS naseLidiya.
Ubuntwana bebuntwana beReyev badlula lapho bephuma e-UFA. Usuvele uneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, umfana waqala ukubonisa isithakazelo emdansweni. Ubaba, owabuya empini ngesikhundla esikhulu, wayengajabule ngokuzikhethela kweNdodana yakhe. UHameta ekuqaleni uzame ukugxilisa uRudolph uthando lokuzilibazisa kwabesilisa - ukudoba nokuzingela, kepha umfana wakhombisa ekuzilisheni kokunganakwa kukababa.
Ngemuva kwalokho i-nureyev endala kwakufanele ithole ibhande. Ukujeziswa akuzange kuphindwe kabili uRudik kusuka ku-choreography, kwathi kusukela eminyakeni eyi-11 waya endaweni yesehlakalo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli be-Encble of the National Dance endlini yesiko likazwelonke. Ngo-15, le nsizwa isivele yaqala ukuzama amabutho akhe ethandweni lendlu ye-Ufa Opera, kwathi ngonyaka waba yilungu eligcwele le-troupe.
Ngo-1955, eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, uRudolph Nureyev uya eLeningrad ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo yawo eChoreographic School. Kepha akazange acabangele ukuthi izingane zithole izingane zineminyaka engu-12 ubudala, ngakho-ke eminyakeni yobudala wayezithola ngemuva kwazo ezifunda nabo, akatholanga ulimi olufanayo nabanye abafundi futhi wahlekisa. Ngenxa yobudlelwano obufanayo, i-Nureyev ayikwazanga ukuhlala ehostela, ngakho ngaphendula isimemo somusa someluleki wakhe u-Alexander Pushkin futhi wahlala emndenini wakhe.
Isikole seCooreographic Rudolph sithweswe iziqu ngo-1958 futhi ngokushesha sathola isimemo sokufaka i-troupe ye-leningrad opera kanye ne-ballet theatre kanye ne-ballet ebizwa ngegama lika-Natalia Dudin's Prima Ballerina.
Insimbi eyalweni
Iqembu lokuqala, okuyi-rudolf Nureyev eligcwaliswe ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, kwakuyindima ye-Frososo eLaurency Ballet. Kamuva, umdansi wabamba iqhaza emkhosini wentsha waseVii wentsha kanye nabafundi eVienna, lapho kwanikezwa khona iMedal yeGolide. Iminyaka emi-3, uRudolph waba isixhumanisi esibalulekile eTroupe, wayenethemba elikhulu ngaye. Wahamba wayobuka nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini eBulgaria, e-East Germany naseGibhithe, ngakho-ke i-Nureyev yakhishwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi waya ukukhuluma eParis Opera.Kepha ngemuva kokusebenza okuningana, isidingo se-KGB sokususa umculi osemusha we-ballet kusuka kokwenzahle futhi athumele e-USSR. Ngokwenguqulo esemthethweni, "wephule umbuso wombuso wokuba phesheya." Kodwa ofakazi bokuzibonela bakholelwa ukuthi izidumbu zifunde ngokungezwani kwendabuko kwe-nureyev. Umdansi wanquma ukungalaleli, wacela ukukhoseliswa kwezepolitiki eFrance futhi waba "ukungabuyi" emlandweni weSoviet Union, nasezweni lakhe, bekulindelwe ukuboshwa.
Ukuphunyuka komdansi kwenze umphumela webhomu eliphukile, njengezinyanga ezi-2 ezedlule iSoviet Union ligubha ukunqoba ngemuva kokundiza kokuqala komuntu esikhaleni. Umculi wangenela phakade ohlwini lwabasuki bendawo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, ngo-1985, wavumela izinsuku ezintathu ukungena ezweni ukuvakashela umngcwabo kamama. Ngasikhathi sinye, bonke abantu ababazi umculi osemusha baxwayiswa ngokuvinjelwa okuqinile kokuxhumana naye.
Phambilini, i-Nuvel izama ukuxhumana nezihlobo zayo, kepha yayingenakuzisiza phambi kwe-Iron Curtain. Umculi we-ballet wathola indlela yokuphuma. Ngokwesicelo sakhe, indlovukazi yesifundazwe esisodwa sase-Arabhu, eyavakashelwa e-USSR, ikwazile ukufaka indlela yayo ukuvakashela e-UFA. Lapha wanikeza incwadi evela eRudolf umama wakhe futhi waveza ukuthandwa kwakhe ngethalente leNdodana. Leli qiniso elihehayo elivela empilweni ye-Nureyev ngemuva kwalokho laziwa ngabalandeli bakhe.
EFrance, uRudolf wajoyina i- "Ballet Marquis de Cuevas" Troupe, kodwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, waphoqeleka ukuba aphume ezweni, ngoba wenqatshelwa ukukhoseliswa kwezepolitiki. Kepha iGreat Britain yaya kumculi onethalente libhekise emculweni onekhono: I-Nureyev iqhubekela eLondon futhi kanye ne-Ballerina Margo Fontein engadini ye-Royal Ballet Covent yakha i-duet, isacubungula ireferensi.
Kamuva, umdansi waba ngundunankulu waseVienna Opera, ngenxa yokuthi ubuzwe base-Austrian abatholwe. Kepha wayengakhawulelwe ekwenzeni ezweni elithile. U-Nureyev wasebenza ngenkuthalo kakhulu: Kuma-60s wanikeza ukusebenza kwama-200 ngonyaka, kwathi ngo-1975 waqala ukuya esigabeni esingaphezu kwezikhathi ezingama-300, okungukuthi, cishe nsuku zonke.
Inkazimulo yomdansi yayingukubekwa ezingezi, eNtshonalanga ayivama nje ezigcawini ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kodwa futhi yaba yingxenye yesiko le-pop. Isithombe sakhe nezingxoxo zakhe njalo zawela embozelweni namakhasi ezincwadi ezicwebezelayo. U-Nureyev wayengumngane no-Elizabeth Taylor, Princess Diana, noJacqueline Kennedy basiza umdansi ukuba adale ingaphakathi lefulethi lakhe eNew York. URudolph akazange aphuthelwe ithuba lokubonisa umuzwa wakhe wokuhlekisa: waba yiqhawe lokukhishwa okukodwa kwe-Puppet "show," lapho ukusebenza kwakhe kwabanjwa khona noMiss Piggy's Holy emculweni weSwan Lake.
Ngenxa yomthamo wayo osebenzayo nodumo, i-Nureyev yaba ngumculi ocebile we-ballet, ukuqongelela umbuso wezigidi ezingama- $ 80. Uhlu lwezakhiwo zalo ezithengiswayo lwagcwaliswa minyaka yonke: I-York yaseNew York, Estate e-USA, eFrance, e-Italy. I-Nureyev yaze yathola isiqhingi esincane, kwesinye seziqhingi ezakha i-villa enekilasi le-ballet kanye nechibi lokubhukuda. Kwakungelula ukwenza njalo, ngoba kwakungekho manzi amasha nogesi kwi-Archipelago.
Ama-Movie nomculo
Emuva eSoviet Union, i-Nureyev yaqala inkanyezi kwifilimu "Soul Flight", enikezelwe kuma-② an-inyuna inyuna yeCooreographic School. Kamuva, kwakungubuso obukhulu bokubambela kwamafilimu amaningi - i-ballet, ngokwesibonelo, uRomeo noJuliet, "Mina - Dancer", "kwabancane nokufa". Kepha kukhona ezithombeni ze-rudolph nezindima ezimbili ku-cinema yobuciko. Udlale uRudolph Valentino eDudolph Valentinad Drama kanye noDaniel Jelina eMelodrama "ethulweni", lapho asebenzisana khona noNew Nastasya Kinski.
Futhi, inganekwane ye-ballet yaziwa ngokuthi umphathi we-balletmaster, okwenzayo ehlukile ekusebenzeni kwakudala "Nutcracker", "uCon Quixote", "uChredella Ubuhle", uSwan Lake. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Nureyev yabeka ama-ballets angempela "Tankredi" nelithi "Manfred".
Lapho uRudolf ekhanda i-troupe ye-paris Grand Opera ngeminyaka yo-1980, waqala ukukhuthaza abadlali abasebasha abaningi, ngokuvamile anganaki abaphathi bama-soloists, ehola amaSoloist kanye noNdunankulu, okwakungukuqala kokusebenza komhlaba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje yokuphila, indoda yayingasakwazi ukudansa, kepha yayingafuni ukuhlukana nethiyetha futhi yaqala ukwenza i-orchestra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sikhundla, bekumenywa ngokukhethekile eRussia futhi esiteji sendlu ye-Tatar Opera eKazan kwenziwa nge-balt "Romeo noJuliet" kanye ne- "Nutcracker".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaRudolph Nureyev yayixhunywe namadoda: Umculi we-ballet wawuvulekile gay. Yize abanye abantu engibaziyo baphikisana nokuthi wayenamanoveli namantombazane ebusheni bakhe. Udansi ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi angaba nguBaba kabili, kepha akhethiwe aphazanyiswa ukukhulelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Futhi iRudolf imvelo yothando ubudlelwano nomlingani wakhe, i-Great Ballerina Margo Fontein, eyayidala iminyaka engu-15. Kodwa-ke, abadansi ngokwabo babiza lobu budlelwano ngokomoya nangomusa.
Lapho i-ballerina ebulawa umdlavuza, uNureyev wakhokha zonke izikweletu zakhe zokwelashwa futhi wake wathi uma ekwazi ukwenza umfazi kaMargo ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke impilo yabo bobabili ibizothuthuka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, la magama kunalokho asho ngenoveli endala, kepha mayelana nokungabaza ngokwendlela yokuphila - uRudolph wayazi ukuthi uyafa.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgezikhathi ezihlukile, i-Nureyev, amahemuhelure, abanothando olunobudlelwano nezinkanyezi ezinjengomholi wedwala uFreddie Mercury kanye noMick Jugger, i-Disector Yves Saint-Laint-Laint. Kepha umdansi waseDenmark, u-Eric Brun, wasala uthando oluphambili empilweni yomuntu siqu kaRudolf. Amadoda ahlangene iminyaka engama-25, kufinyelela ekufeni kuka-Eric ngo-1986. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo abuluhle, ngoba ngentuthuko, isiRussia noDane saphenduka amaqembu amancane aphelele.
Ukushona
Emuva ngo-1983, i-Immunodefy Virus yatholakala egazini likaRudolph Nureyev. Lesi sifo sivele, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi, ngoJanuwari 6, 1993, esigabeni saseParis, umdansi omkhulu wabulawa ngengculazi.
Ngaphansi kwesidingo sakhe, isidumbu sangcwatshwa emathuneni aseRussia aseSt. Genevieve de Boua, futhi ithuna limbozwe ngekhaphethi enemibala yasePheresiya.
Ukukhumbula
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umculi we-ballet wenqabe isakhamuzi sase-USSR, kwabalandeli bakaHulumeni wakubo babeqonda isinqumo sakhe futhi baqhubeka nokubonga umsebenzi kaRudolf. Ngemuva kokushona kukaNureyeva, igama lakhe labelwa eBashkir ChoreoPhole College, umgwaqo e-Ufa, futhi wavula nemnyuziyamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhosi waminyaka yonke we-ballet wakudala oqanjwe nge-Rudolf Nureyev's Classical Ballet ebizwa ngeTatarstan, kwathi ngoNovemba 2018, kwavulwa itshe lesikhumbuzo eKazan.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaMatra, umuntu wakhe wathola impilo yesibili kwezobuciko. Ngokukhumbula, amateyipu abhalwe phansi "uRudolf Nureyev. Idemoni elivukelayo "," Rudolph Nureyev. Isiqhingi samaphupho akhe, "enkundleni yeshashalazi yaRoma vikekyuk, ukudlala" ingadi yokufunda. URudolf Nureyev ", naseshashalazini yaseSergey Yankovsky - ukukhiqizwa 'kweqa inkululeko", lapho ama-Ilze Viepa kanye nabaculi be-ballet behlanganyela.
Ngo-2018, i-Premiere yeDrama "Nureyev. I-White Raven "Umlingisi waseBrithani noMqondisi URaint, lapho abaculi be-ballet badlalwa khona ngu-Oleg Iveno, ama-alexey alexey morozov, u-ravshan kuurkova, Anastasia Meskov. Ngo-2019, kwathulwa ifilimu ehhovisi lebhokisi laseRussia.