Umlando Wemilingiswa
UViktor Frankenstein - Iqhawe lenoveli "Frankenstei, noma i-Prometheus yesimanje" yombhali wesiNgisi uMary Sphely. Indaba eyethukile mayelana nesilo esikhulu esimangalisayo saba yihlelo futhi yavuka igagasi lenzalo esithombeni ezincwadini nase-cinema. Umbhali wakwazi ukushaqeka emphakathini oyinkimbinkimbi - isakhiwo saphenduka sithokozisa futhi siyesabisa. Incwadi iphakamisa imibuzo yokuziphatha nokuziphatha, kanye nezinkinga zemvelo yefilosofi nezenkolo.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
Ehlobo lika-1816, i-villa diodeat yaqoqwa ngababhali baseBrithani: UGeorge Byron, uJohn Polidori, uSherchery oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala noMarthy oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Bakujabulele ukuzijabulisa ngokufundwa kwezinganekwane ezimbi zaseJalimane, iqoqo le- "fantasmagorian", elikhishwe ngo-1812. Emakhasini ale ncwadi equkethe indaba ekhuluma ngabathakathi, iziqalekiso kanye nezipoki ezihlala ezindlini ezilahliwe. Ugqugquzelwe yimisebenzi yabanye ababhali, uGeorge Bayron wanikeza inkampani, futhi, zama ukubhala inoveli ngohlobo lwesabekayo.
U-Byron waveza indaba ekhuluma ngo-Augustus Darwell kokusalungiswa, kepha wenqabile lo mbono wokuthi uJohn Polidori, owabhala indaba ngegazi elibizwa nge- "Vampire". UMariya UShelly naye wanquma ukuthola amandla okudala futhi waqamba inoveli ngososayensi ovela eGeneva, owabuyisela isidalwa esiphilayo kusukela ezindabeni ezifile.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi icebo lemisebenzi akuyona indaba yangempela. Kodwa-ke, umbhali waphefumulelwa izindaba eziphathelene nombono weParanifian udokotela Friedrich Mesmer, othi ngosizo lwamandla akhethekile kazibuthe, ukuxhumana kwe-telepathic kungafakwa komunye nomunye. Futhi, umlobi waphefumulela umlando wabangane beGalvanism.
Umlobi wayaziwa ukuthi usosayensi uLuigi Galvani, owayehlala ngekhulu le-XVIII, wasakaza isele elabhorethri lakhe. Lapho i-scalpel ithinta isidumbu sayo, uprofesa wabona ukuthi izicubu ezinyaweni zihlasela. IGalvania yabiza le nto ngogesi wezilwane, futhi umshana wakhe uGihiovanni Aldini waqala ukufaka izivivinyo ezinjalo ezidumbuni zomuntu, emangalisa umphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMary waphefumulelwa yi-Frankenstein Castle, etholakala eJalimane: umlobi wezwa ngaye esendleleni eya eNgilandi waya eSwitzerland Riviere, lapho ehamba ngesigodi saseRhine. Kwahlekwa ukuthi le mpahla yaguqulwa yaba ilabhorethri ye-alchemical. Eminye imithombo yathi usosayensi uJohann Konrad Dippel wahlala lapha, owaba yiPrototype kaDkt Frankenstein.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwenoveli ngososayensi wobuhlanya babona ukukhanya enhlokodolobha ye-United Kingdom ngo-1818. Incwadi engaziwa enikezelwe kuWilliam Godwin, abafundi abafundi ngokuzithandela, kodwa abagxeki bemibhalo babhala ukubuyekezwa okunzima kakhulu. Ngo-1823, iRomani Mary Shelley yadluliselwa enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi yaphuthuma izilaleli. Imishwana yabalingiswa abaphambili baba izingcaphuno ezithandwayo.
I-Biography nesithombe seViktor Frankenstein
Ukulandisa kuqala uhambo lomcwaningi wesiNgisi kaWalton eNorth Pole. Phakathi kweqhwa, ithimba lomkhumbi libonana abakhathele ama-Europers - Viktor Frankenstein. Njengoba sengifikile lapho ngigibela umkhumbi futhi ngihleliwe, iqhawe labelana ngomlando kaWalton futhi lichaza indlela angena ngayo emaphethelweni amakhaza. Cishe iminyaka yokuqala e-Biography yomlingiswa, kubikwa okulandelayo. Umfana wazalelwa emndenini we-aristocracy eGeneva. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ingane yanyamalala emtapweni wezincwadi wasekhaya, idonsa ulwazi olutholwe izincwadi.Ezandleni Zakhe, kwakukhona imisebenzi yepharaceles, imibhalo yesandla ye-Okteltist Ahalippes of Nettesheim neminye imisebenzi yama-alchemist aphupha ngokuthola itshe lefilosofi aligugu, aguqula noma yiziphi izinsimbi ngegolide. Ngemuva kokushona kukababa kamama uVictor Baba, ebona izintshisekelo zenzalo, wathumela insizwa e-Elite University of Ingolstadt.
Lapha, uFrankenstein osemusha waqhubeka nokuqonda izisekelo zesayensi. Ikakhulu, ngaphansi kwethonya lothisha wesayensi yemvelo yeValdman, usosayensi unesifiso sokudala into ebukhoma kusuka ezindabeni ezifile. Njengoba usuchithe iminyaka emibili ecwaninganeni, umlingiswa ophambili wenoveli wanquma ukuhlolwa kwakhe okubi. Ukwakha okwabo ama-homunculus, iqhawe lihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezidumbu zomuntu. Lapho isidalwa esikhulu saphila, u-Victor ophambame wabaleka ebalebhu yakhe.
Abalingiswa abaphambili banguFrankenstein kanti izidalwa zalo ezingenagama zalo zakha umbhangqwana othile we-Gnostic we-Gnostic nendalo yakhe. Uma sikhuluma ngenkolo yobuKhrestu, ukumpompela imigomo yenoveli ibonisa ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuthatha umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu futhi akakwazi ukukwazi ngosizo lwengqondo. Usosayensi olwela ukutholakala okusha ukhumbula ububi obungakaze bube khona: Isilo salo siyawazi ubuntu bakhe futhi sizama ukubekezelela isibopho sikaViktor Frankenstein. Uprofesa osemusha wayefuna ukudala ukungafi, kodwa ngabona ukuthi ngizothatha indlela enonya.
UVictor wayenethemba lokuqala impilo eshidini elihlanzekile, kodwa wafunda izindaba ezimbi: umfowabo omncane uWillam wabulawa ngesihluku. Amaphoyisa aqaphele abanecala lezinceku zendlu kaFrankenstein, ngoba ngesikhathi kuseshwa, le ntombazane yathola i-medallion kamufi. Inkantolo ithunyelwa ingajabule phezu kwe-scaffold, kepha uVictor Guess ukuthi isigebengu sangempela sasiyisilo esivuselelwayo. Lesi silo saqhubeka nesinyathelo ngoba sizonda uMdali owayeshiya lesi silo ngokubukeka okubi eyedwa futhi emshaya emcabangweni waphakade womphakathi.
Ngokulandelayo, i-monster ibulala uHenri Clerval, umngani ongcono wesayensi. Isizathu sokwenqaba kukaVictor ukwakha umakoti kwi-monster lapho ebuza odokotela ngakho. Uprofesa wethule ukuthi amademoni ahlala kungekudala emseni onjengalesi, ngakho-ke umhloli wabhubhisa umzimba wesifazane ngokuvusa inzondo yendalo yakhe. Isilo asiyeki ukuziphindisela - masinyane ngemuva komshado kaVictor ku-Elizabeth Lavent, ixhasa unkosikazi kadokotela.
UVictor washaywa ngokufa kwentombazane yakhe ayithandayo, futhi uyise maduze uzofa ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Sifisa usosayensi oshonelwe ngumndeni wakhe, glance ukuziphindisela endalweni esembi futhi umphuthumisa ngokuxosha. Isiqhwaga sicashe eNorth Pole, lapho ngenxa yamandla anobuntu avuselela kalula. Kuma-fan, uFrankenstein uyafa.
UViktor Frankenstein kumafilimu
UMary Mary Shelly wathandwa kakhulu futhi wavikelwa. Ngo-1931, uMqondisi uJames uzokhipha ifilimu edumile eyethusayo "Frankenstein". Umfanekiso wesilo, owawudlalwa kwifilimu uBoris Carlofoff, uthathwa njengoMoloni. Umlingisi kwadingeka achithe isikhathi eside egumbini lokugqoka, ngoba ukudalwa kokuvela kweqhawe kusuka kubaculi kusele cishe amahora amathathu.
Iqhaza lososayensi wobuhlanya kwifilimu lamukelwa yi-Actor Colin Clive, eyakhunjulwa yimishwana evela kwifilimu. Ekuqaleni, isilo se-Amplulaa esithombeni sika-1931 kwakufanele senze uBela Lugoshi, owayekhunjulwa yizilaleli ngesithombe sikaDracula. Kodwa-ke, umlingisi akafuni ukwenza isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, le ndima yayingenambhalo. Ngo-1977, ifilimu eqondiswe yifilimu kaCalvina Floyd yadedelwa kwizikrini, kwathi ngo-1994 umphakathi wabona inguqulo yomqondisi kaKenneth Barna.
Ngo-2015, uMqondisi uPaul McGigan wayithokozisa ifilimu ngefilimu "uViktor Frankenstein", lapho kwakudlalwa khona uDaniel Radcliffe, uJames Mcawa, uJessica WebB no-Andrew Scott. UDaniel Radcliffe, owakhunjulwa kumafilimu aphathelene noHarry Potter, wakwazi ukuzalwa endimeni ye- "Gorbun" iGor Strauss, umlingisi ukhule izinwele zokufakelwa.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ukwakha umsebenzi oyimfihlakalo unamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo, yize iqiniso lokuthi icebo lezincwadi liyinganekwane yobuciko.
- Isilo esivela eRoma uMary Sphelly sibizwa ngeFrankenstein, kepha leli yiphutha, ngoba umbhali wale ncwadi akazange akhuthazele ukudalwa kwe-Victor nganoma yiliphi igama.
- UMary Shelley waphikisa ukuthi umbono womsebenzi wawumphupha. Ekuqaleni, umbhali, owayengakwazi ukucabanga ngendaba ethokozisayo, kwavela ubunzima bokudala. Kepha engxenyeni ephakathi, le ntombazane yabona isilo somuntu sigodlile emzimbeni, okwakungukuthi umfutho wokwakha inoveli.
Amacaphuna
Impilo yenkani futhi inamathela kithi inamandla kunokuba siyakuzonda. Ngemuva kwalokho ububi obudume kakhulu bobubi obubi kakhulu. I-Suite ivame ukuzonda engajabuli.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1816 - "Frankenstein, noma i-Prometheus yanamuhla"
Izics
- Ngo-1931 - Frankenstein
- Ngo-1943 - "UFrankenstein uhlangana nendoda - impisi"
- Ngo-1966 - "UFrankenstein wadala owesifazane"
- Ngo-1974 - "I-Frankenstein encane"
- 1977 - "I-Viktor Frankenstein"
- Kukhishwe uFrankenstein
- 1994 - "UFrankenstein Mary Shelly"
- 2014 - "I, Frankenstein"
- 2015 - "I-Viktor Frankenstein"