I-Biograge
I-Indira Gandhi yazalwa ngoNovemba 19, 1917 edolobheni laseNdiya lase-Allahabad. Intombazane egama lakhe lihunyushelwe njenge- "izwe leNyanga", lazalelwa emndenini wezibalo ezidumile zezepolitiki. Ubaba Indita ubengundunankulu wokuqala waseNdiya Javaharlal Nehru, umkhulu wakhe kwakunguVeterans of the Verterans of the Kamala NATION COMPREST, uMotilla Nehila, nosopolitiki abadumile abasinda ekucindezelweni ngonya.
Umndeni wakhe waholela ekutheni umuntu ongajwayelekile oxabana naye i-Indita encane ephange khona ebuntwaneni. EBiennium, wakwazi nokuxhumana nomuntu omkhulu kangaka njengoMahatma Gandhi, obhekwa njengoyise wangempela wezwe laseNdiya. Ngokweseluleko sakhe, i-Indita, lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, yahlela eyakhe inyunyana. Ngokubambisana nabangane bakhe, le ntombazane yaze yalwa nokuluka endlini kaMkhulu. NgeGandhi, usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo wahlangana kamuva, njengoba ubona ezithombeni eziningi.
Emndenini wakhe, u-Indita waba ukuphela kwengane, ngakho-ke abazali bakhokha ukunakwa okuningi. Njengoba le nqubomgomo ibilokhu idlala indima enkulu emndenini waseNero, le ntombazane ibingavunyelwe ukulalela indlela abantu abadala abakhuluma ngayo ngezinkinga eziphuthumayo zaseNdiya. Futhi lapho uBaba waseNiveri e ejele, wabhala indodakazi enezinombolo eziningi zendodakazi, eyayihlanganyela izimiso zakhe zokuziphatha, okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nokubuka ukuthi kufanele kube kanjani nekusasa lezwe labo leNakathi.
Imfundo
Ngiseyingane, i-Indira Gandhi yathola imfundo, ikakhulukazi ekhaya. Ngemuva kwalokho wangena eyunivesithi eChantinichentan, kodwa ngokushesha kwaphoqeleka ukuthi ayeke isifundo sakhe. Unina wentombazane wagula, futhi kwadingeka amyise e-Europe, lapho uKamal Nehru azama khona ukuphulukisa emitholampilo ehamba phambili.
Ukuze ungaphuthelwa isikhathi, i-Indita yanquma ukuqhubeka nokufunda e-Oxford. Ngenxa yokuthi le ntombazane yayazi kabi i-latin, kungenzeka ukuthi ingene eyunivesithi ehlonishwayo nomzamo wesibili. Kepha isayensi yezepolitiki, umlando, isayensi yezepolitiki kanye nomnotho banikwa ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.
Ngo-1935, uKamala washona ngenxa yesifo sofuba. U-Indira futhi naye akakwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngempilo enhle, eyayivame ukuphazanyiswa ngokutadisha nokushiya ukwelashwa eSwitzerland. Ngemuva kolunye lwalolu hambo, le ntombazane ibingasakwazi ukubuyela eNgilandi, ngokungathi, e-England, ngokungathi, yanqunywa kuyo amaNazi. Ukubuyela ekhaya, i-Indita kwadingeka yenze isikhathi eside iye eNingizimu Afrika.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ngo-1947, ngemuva kokuzimela kweNdiya, ukwakheka kohulumeni wokuqala kazwelonke kanye nokhetho lukaNdunankulu waseNdiya waseNdiya, indodakazi yakhe yaba ngunobhala kaYise. Yize i-Indira inaka umndeni wayo ngaleso sikhathi, wakunaka kakhulu umsebenzi futhi wahambisana nalokhu kuhambisana noNdunankulu ohambweni lwakwamanye amazwe. Kubalwa, wavakashela i-USSR, lapho uyise esuka lapho.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaNehru ngo-1964, uGandhi waba yiphini legumbi eliphansi lePhalamende laseNdiya, bese - uNgqongqoshe wolwazi kanye nomsakazo wokusakaza. I-Indita imelele i-Indian National Congress, i-batch eningi kakhulu yezwe lakhe. Ngo-1966, waba ngumholi weqembu le-Inc Party, futhi wathola nesikhundla sikaNdunankulu wesimo sendabuko. Waba ummeleli wesibili wezwe wobulili obuthakathaka, owakwazi ukuya eposini likaNdunankulu.
I-Indira Gandhi yavusa ubuzwe bezwe laseNdiya, kanye nokwenza ngcono ubudlelwano kusuka e-USSR. Kodwa-ke, inani labamele abakwa-Conservative of Inc, abangazange bawuthande umbono wokwanda kwezikhungo zezezimali, noma iBrezhnev nezwe ngemuva kwakhe bengajabule ngomsebenzi kahulumeni wase-Indira. Ngenxa yalokho, iqembu lahlukaniswa, kepha ukwesekwa kwabantu kwasala eGandhi. Ngo-1971, i-Indian Iron Lady yaphinde yathola ukhetho lwePhalamende futhi, futhi ngalowo nyaka i-USSR isekele izwe empini ye-Indo-Pakistan.
Izici zesimo seBhodi
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kowesifazane wokuqala waseNdiya, uNdunankulu oseHulumeni wathuthukiswa ngentshiseko yilombombolo, kwakhiwa izwe lonke lamabhange, kwasungulwa isitshalo samandla enuzi sokuqala, kwatholakala ukuthi i-India itholakale e-India, yavumela i-India ukuba Ekugcineni hlukana nokungenisa ukudla.
Isimo sesiwohlokile kakhulu ngenxa yempi nePakistan, eyadale ukukhula kwezingxabano ezinkulu kanye nokunciphisa izinkomba zezomnotho. Ngo-1975, iNkantolo Ephakeme yayala i-Indita ukuthi ishiye phansi izintambo phansi, imsola ngokwephula umthetho wemithetho yokhetho phakathi nokhetho lwango-1971. Kodwa-ke, uGandhi wasebenzisa izihloko ezingama-352 zoMthethosisekelo woMbuso wamemezela isimo esiphuthumayo ezweni.
Ngesikhathi sombuso we-PE, umnotho waseNdiya waqala ukukhombisa izinkomba ezinethemba elikhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqeda izingxabano zokuxuba izinkolo kwacishe kwabekwa.
Kodwa-ke, kwakuyintengo enkulu impela: amalungelo ezepolitiki nenkululeko yezakhamizi alinganiselwe, zonke izinhlobo zokuphikisa zaphela umsebenzi wazo.
Isilinganiso esingathandeki kunazo zonke i-Indira eyamukelwa ngalesi sikhathi kwakuyinsalela. Ekuqaleni, abantu banikela ngokuzithandela ukwenza le nqubo ngokuzithandela, bathola iprimiyamu ethile. Kepha ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, uhulumeni wanquma ukuthi wonke umuntu osevele unezingane ezintathu kufanele aphoqelelwe inzalo, futhi owesifazane owakhulelwa ingane yesine ngenkani ethunyelwe ukukhipha isisu.
Ukuzala okuphezulu kuhlale kungenye yezimbangela zobuphofu eNdiya, kodwa izinyathelo ezinjalo, ukonakalisa udumo nesithunzi somuntu, kwakusabeka ngokwedlulele. I-Indira Gandhi yathola igama lesidlaliso leNdiya Yensimbi Yensimbi. Izingcaphuno zalo futhi kuze kube namuhla ziboshwe ngomoya wokunquma. Usopolitiki wayevame ukwamukela izixazululo ezinzima, ezakhiwe amasistimu ahlanganisiwe futhi ahlukaniswa ngezinga eliphakeme lokungabi nalutho. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1977, okhethweni lwePhalamende olulandelayo, uGandhi wawela eCrac.
Buyela enkundleni yezepolitiki
I-GRIDIDI, isakwazi ukukwazi ukuthola kabusha ukuthandwa kwayo. Yize izinqumo eziningi zangaphambili zangaphambilini zazingamaqiniso amnandi kakhulu, athakazelisayo ukuthi lesi sizwe saphinde sakholelwa "kwintokazi yensimbi" yakhe.
Ngo-1978, i-Indita yadala i-batch entsha ye-inc (futhi), kwathi ngo-1980 waphinda waba ngundunankulu wezwe. Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo yopololizwe eyayikade ithuthukisa ama-Sayaschats, okungukuthi, iqinisa isikhundla sezwe enkundleni yezwe lonke. Ngakho-ke, imizamo yayo INDIA yahola inhlangano engahambelani.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomlingani wakhe wesikhathi esizayo, uGandhi Indira wajwayelana neNgilandi. Washada naye ngo-1942. Lo mshado awuzange uhambisane namasiko ama-India kanye nezenkolo e-India: I-Ferosis yenzeka emaphethelweni naseNivera, naphezu kwamahlebezi amaningi ayelingumJuda, noma owesifazane waseKazakh wayevela kolunye uhlangothi lwaseNdiya. Ngemuva komshado, usopolitiki wathatha igama lokugcina ukuthi umyeni wakhe uyagqoka, yize wayengesona isihlobo sikaMahatma Gandhi.
Abashadikazi bazalwa ngamadodana kaRajiv noSanjay, abachitha isikhathi esiningi endlu yabo kamkhulu. IFeroz yafa ngo-1960, kwathi ngo-1980, ngaphambi nje kokubulawa kwe-Indira uqobo, indodana yakhe encane uSanjay yashona engozini yendiza. Yena, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wayengumeluleki omkhulu wezepolitiki kunina.
Ukubulala umuntu ngenhloso
Ngawo-1980s, uhulumeni waseNdiya wangena ukuxabana noSikhami, iningi lawo lalihlala esifundazweni sasePunjab. USikhi wayefuna ukuba ngumphakathi ozizweyo futhi anganciki emandleni ezwe aphakathi nendawo. Bahlala ethempelini legolide elise-Amritsar kwathi isikhathi eside babheka indawo yabo eyinhloko. Isinyathelo sokuphendula sawukusebenza okubizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", lapho ithempeli lathathwa ngalo, futhi umyalo wabantu abangamakhulu ayisihlanu ushonile.
Ukufa kwe-Indita Gandhi kwaba ukuziphindisela kukahulumeni waseSikhov Osemthethweni wezwe. Ngo-Okthoba 31, 1984, ezepolitiki zabulala abaphathi bakaSikhi. Izinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili ezingazange zishiye ithemba lokuthi insindiso yalesi sindiso zadedelwa kuye lapho eya lapho eya ekwangeni kokuxoxisana ne-English Playwright Peter Utinov.
Umngcwabo we-Indira wabanjelwa eTin Murtee House Palace, izigidi zezakhamuzi zaseNdiya zeza emcimbini wokuvalelisa. Ngo-2011, ifilimu elibhalwe phansi kumuntu owesimame waseNdiya ovelele ovelele kwathiwa afakwe e-UK.