Chiphunzitso
Indira Gandhi anabadwa pa Novembara 19, 1917 mu City of India ku Allabiad. Mtsikana yemwe dzina lake limatanthauziridwa kuti ndi "dziko la mwezi", lomwe lidabadwira m'banja la ziwerengero zodziwika bwino zandale. Abambo Indira anali nduna yayikulu yoyambirira ya India Javaharlal Nehru, ndi agogo a Kalaripo, a andale otchuka omwe adapulumuka mwankhanza.
Banja lake linapangitsa kuti anthu asamalire anthu omwe indira pang'ono anabera ubwana. Ku Biennium, adakwanitsanso kulumikizana ndi munthu wamkulu ngati Mahatma Gandhi, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi bambo weniweni wa mtundu wa ku India. Malinga ndi upangiri wake, Indira, ali ndi zaka eyiti, adakonza mgwirizano wake. Pamodzi ndi abwenzi ake, mtsikanayo anali atalowa m'nyumba ya agogo. Ndili ndi Gandhi, wandale wamtsogolo adakumana pambuyo pake, monga mukuonera pazithunzi zingapo.
M'banja lake, Indira adadzakhala mwana yekhayo, ndipo chifukwa chake makolo anali ndi chidwi kwambiri. Popeza ndalamazi zakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwa banja la Nero, mtsikanayo sanaletsedwe kumvera momwe akulu amakamba za mavuto aku India. Ndipo atakhala kholo la Indira adzakhala m'ndende, adalembera makalata ambiri, omwe amafotokoza za mfundo zake zoyenera zamakhalidwe, zomwe amakumana nazo komanso malingaliro ake mtsogolo.
Maphunziro
Ali mwana, Indira Gandhi adalandira maphunziro, makamaka kunyumba. Kenako adalowa yunivesite ya Chaminiciuntan, koma posakhalitsa adakakamizidwa kusiya kuphunzira. Amayi ake a mtsikanayo adadwala, adayenera kupita ku Europe, komwe Kaml Nehru adayesetsa kuchiritsa bwino.
Pofuna kuti musaphonye nthawi, Indira anaganiza zopitilizabe kuphunzira ku Oxford. Chifukwa chakuti mtsikanayo amadziwa bwino Chilatini molakwika, zinali zotheka kulowa yunivesite yotchuka ndi kuyesanso kwachiwiri. Koma sayansi yandale, mbiri, sayansi yandale komanso zachuma zidapatsidwa kwa iye popanda zovuta zambiri.
Mu 1935, Kamala anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Indira ndipo iyemwini sakanadzitamandira ndi thanzi labwino, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira komanso kupita kumanzere ku Switzerland. Pambuyo pa maulendo amenewa, mtsikanayo sanathenso kubwerera ku England, monganso, kwenikweni, adadulidwa ndi a Nazi. Kuti abwerere kwawo, Indira anayenera kuchitapotali kudutsa ku South Africa.
Nchito yandale
Mu 1947, atatha kudzilamulira ku India, mapangidwe aboma loyamba komanso kusankha kwa nduna ya Jahru ku India, mwana wawo wamkazi atakhala mlembi wa bambo ake. Ngakhale Indira anali ndi banja lake panthawiyi, iye anali ndi chidwi chachikulu chogwira ntchito komanso mosapita m'mbali mwa maulendo akulu kwambiri mu maulendo onse akunja. Kuphatikiza, adapita kunyumba, pomwe abambo ake adapitako.
Nehru atamwalira mu 1964, Gandhi adakhala nduna yam'munsi ya Nyumba Yamalamulo ya India, kenako - mtumiki wa chidziwitso ndi mawayilesi. Indira anaimira Chilumba cha Indian National, gulu lalikulu la dziko lake. Mu 1966, iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa chipani cha In, komanso kulandiranso nduna yayikulu ya dziko. Anakhala woimira kwachiwiri la anthu ofooka, omwe anali okhoza kupita ku nthawi ya Prime Minister.
Indira Gandhi adalimbikitsa kutchulidwa kwa mabanki aku India, komanso kusintha maubale kuchokera ku USSR. Komabe, oimira ena angapo a Inc, omwe sanakonde lingaliro la mayiko azachuma, ndipo dziko la Abanner ndi dziko kumbuyo kwake silinali kusangalala ndi ntchito ya boma la Indira. Zotsatira zake, chipanicho chinagawidwa, koma anthu anzeru adangokhalabe ku Gandhi. Mu 1971, mayi wachitsulo wachi India adapambananso zisankho za Nyumba Yamalamulo, ndipo mchaka chomweko cha Ussr adachirikiza dzikolo ku Indo-Pakistani nkhondo.
Mawonekedwe a bolodi
Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa mayi woyamba waku India, ntrime Minister ku State adapangidwa mwachangu ndi mabatani, mphamvu zoyambirira za nyukiliya zidamangidwa ndipo zimakhazikitsidwa, zopambana zazikulu zidakwaniritsidwa muulimi, zomwe zidalola India kuti pamapeto pake muchotsere zakudya.
Zinthuzo zakhala zikuipiraipira kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe ili ndi Pakistan, yomwe idayambitsa mikangano yayikulu ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro zachuma. Mu 1975, Khothi Lalikulu linalamula kuti Indira asiyanitse, kuwaimba mlandu ndikuphwanya malamulo osankhidwa mu 1971. Komabe, mwanzeru za Gandhi adagwiritsa ntchito nkhani za boma zomwe boma limapereka ndikulengeza mkhalidwe wadzidzidzi mdziko muno.
Mu ulamuliro wa Pewi, chuma cha ku India chinayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiritso zambiri, zomwe zinatha kuwononga zipembedzo zikuluzikulu zidatsala pang'ono.
Komabe, mtengo waukulu kwambiri: ufulu ndi ufulu wa nzika ndi zochepa, zolemba zonse zotsutsa zinasiya ntchito yawo.
Mlingo wosawoneka bwino womwe Indira adavomerezedwa panthawiyi kunali chitsewerero. Poyamba, anthu adadzipereka kuti achite zodzifunira, kulandira ndalama zina. Koma patapita kanthawi, boma linaganiza kuti aliyense amene anali ndi ana atatu akakamizidwa atakhazikika, ndipo mayi yemwe anali ndi pakati ndi mwana wachinayi anasudzulana chifukwa chochotsa mwana wachinayi.
Kupanda chonde nthawi zonse kumakhala chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu za umphawi ku India, koma njira zotere, zimapangitsa ulemu ndi ulemu wa munthu, zinali zowonjezereka. Indira Gandhi adalandira dzina la mayi wa India. Zolemba zake ndi mpaka lero ndizovomerezeka ndi mzimu wotsimikiza. Katswiriyu nthawi zambiri amavomereza zothetsera zovuta, makina a centrated komanso amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchitira nkhanza. Chifukwa chake, mu 1977, m'bungwe lotsatira la Nyumba Yotsatira, Gandhi adagwa mu Crac.
Kubwerera ku arna
Gradidi, adakwanitsanso kukhalanso wotchuka. Ngakhale zigamulo zake zam'mbuyomu zinali zovomerezeka kwambiri, zosonyeza kuti mtundu umakhulupiriranso "mayi wachitsulo" wake.
Mu 1978, Indira adapanga gulu latsopano la Inch (ndipo), ndipo mu 1980 adakhala nduna yayikulu ya dzikolo. Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa wandale zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azisintha, ndiye kuti, kulimbikitsa udindo wa dzikolo m'bwalo ladziko lonse. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwake India kunayandikira gulu losagwirizana.
Moyo Wanu
Ndi mkazi wake wam'tsogolo, Gambo Indira adadziwa ku England. Anakwatiwa naye mu 1942. Ukwatiwu sunafanane ndi miyambo ya India ndi Chipembedzo: Frussi adachokera ku majeketi, ndi Indira, ngakhale panali mphekesera zambiri kuti anali Myuda, kapena mkazi waku Kazakh anali wochokera ku India. Pambuyo paukwati, wandaleyo adatenga dzina lomaliza kuti mwamuna wake adavala, ngakhale kuti sanali wachibale wa ku Mahandhi Gandhi.
Okwatiranawo anali obadwa mwa ana a Rajiv ndi Sanjay, omwe adakhala nthawi yayitali m'nyumba ya agogo awo. Froz anamwalira mu 1960, ndipo mu 1980, kuphedwa kwa Indir, mwana wake wamwamuna Sakway adamwalira pa ngozi ya ndege. Iye, mwa zina, anali mlangizi wofunikira kwambiri kwa amayi ake.
Kupha
Mu 1980s, boma la India linalengeza mkangano ndi Sikhamini, ambiri mwa ku Punjab. Sikh amafuna kukhala anthu odzilamulira okha ndipo osadalira mphamvu yapakati. Anakhala kacisi wagolide womwe uli ku Amritsar ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali amaganiza zopeka zawo zazikulu. Gawo loyankha linali kuchitidwa kumene kunkatchedwa "Star Star", pomwe anthu mazana asanu adamwalira.
Imfa ya Indira Gandhi idabwezera boma lovomerezeka la Sikhv la dzikolo. Pa Okutobala 31, 1984, ndale zidapha anthu ake omwe ali m'thupi. Zipolopolo zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe sizinasiye chiyembekezo cha m'busa wamkulu adamasulidwa kwakanthawi kuti avomereze zokambirana za Chingerezi cha Chingerezi.
Indira Indira idachitika kunyumba yachifumu ya tit rograce, mamiliyoni ambiri aku India adapita ku mwambo wa Betress. Mu 2011, makanema olemba pazinthu zandale amwenye adajambula ku UK.