Ubuzima
Indira Gandhi yavutse ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 1917 mu mujyi wa Allahab wo mu Buhinde. Umukobwa witwaga izina ryahinduwe nki "Igihugu cy'ukwezi", cyavukiye mu muryango w'abantu bazwi. Padiri Indira yari minisitiri wambere wu Buhinde Javaharlal Nehru, Sekuru yari umutware wuburoko bwa Kongere yu Buhinde, Modilla Nehila, na nyina wa Kamala na nyina wa Kamala na nyirakuru Svarip Rani Nehru - abanyapolitiki bazwi barokotse gukandamizwa nabi.
Umuryango we wateje abantu badasanzwe kubantu ba Indira muto wambutse kuva mu bwana. Muri Biennium, yarashoboye no kuvugana numuntu ukomeye nkuwo Mahatma Gandhi, ufatwa nkumubyeyi nyawe wigihugu cy'Ubuhinde. Nk'uko inama ze zibivuga, Indira, igihe yari afite imyaka umunani, yateguye ubumwe bwe. Hamwe na mugenzi we, umukobwa yakoraga kuboha mu nzu ya sekuru. Hamwe na Gandhi, umunyapolitikijo hazaza hahuye nyuma, nkuko mubibona kumafoto menshi.
Mu muryango we, Umuraro yaje kuba umwana wenyine, bityo ababyeyi bitayeho kwitabwaho byinshi. Kubera ko politiki yamye mu muryango ukomeye mu muryango wa Nero, uyu mukobwa ntiyabujijwe kumva uburyo abantu bakuru bavuga ku bibazo byihutirwa by'Ubuhinde. Igihe se wa Indikira kizaba muri gereza, yanditse umukobwa ariya basangiye amahame ye, uburambe n'ibitekerezo by'ukuntu hagomba kubaho ejo hazaza h'igihugu cyabo kavukire.
Uburezi
Nkumwana, Indira Gandhi yakiriye uburezi, cyane cyane murugo. Hanyuma yinjira muri kaminuza i Chanininichentan, ariko bidatinze yahatiwe kumureka kwiga. Nyina w'umukobwa ararwara, kandi yagombaga kumusanga mu Burayi, aho Kamal Nehru yagerageje gukiza amavuriro meza.
Kugirango tutabura igihe, Indira yahisemo gukomeza kwiga muri Oxford. Bitewe nuko umukobwa uzi Ikilatini nabi, byashobokaga kwinjira muri kaminuza nkuru yicyubahiro hamwe no kugerageza kwa kabiri. Ariko siyanse ya politiki, amateka, siyanse ya politiki nubukungu byahawe nta kibazo gikomeye.
Mu 1935, Kamala yapfuye azize igituntu. Indira na we ntibashobora kwirata ubuzima buhebuje, bwakunze guhagarikwa no kwiga no gusiga kubera kwivuza mu Busuwisi. Nyuma yizi ngendo, umukobwa ntiyari agishoboye gusubira mu Bwongereza, nk'uko bimeze bityo, nk'uko byari bimeze kuri Abanazi. Gusubira murugo, Indira yagombaga gukora urugendo rurerure muri Afrika yepfo.
Umwuga wa politiki
Mu 1947, nyuma y'ubwigenge bw'Ubuhinde, gushinga ubutegetsi bwa mbere bw'igihugu no gutora Minisitiri w'intebe wa mbere wa Javahar Nehru, yabaye umunyamabanga wihariye wa se. Nubwo Indira yari afite umuryango we icyo gihe, yitaye cyane ku kazi kandi ahateganye na Minisitiri w'intebe mu ngendo zose z'ubucuruzi. Harimo, yasuye usssr, igihe se yagiyeyo.
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nehru mu 1964, Gandhi yabaye umudepite wurugereko rwo hasi Inteko ishinga amategeko y'Ubuhinde, hanyuma - Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru na radiyo. Indira yagereranyaga Kongere y'igihugu yo mu Buhinde, icyiciro kinini cy'igihugu cye. Mu 1966, yabaye umuyobozi w'ishyaka, kandi yakiriye umwanya wa Minisitiri w'intebe wa Leta kavukire. Yabaye uhagarariye icya kabiri ku isi uburinganire bw'igitsina gito, bwashoboye kujya ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w'intebe.
Indira Gandhi yashyigikiraga iy'amabanki y'Abahinde, ndetse no kunoza umubano na USSR. Icyakora, abahagarariye inc, batakunze igitekerezo cyo gutandukanya ishingiye ku isabanya ishingiye ku bigo by'imari, cyangwa Brezhnev kandi igihugu cyihishe inyuma ntizishimira umurimo wa Guverinoma ya Indira. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishyaka ryacitsemo ibice, ariko inkunga ya rubanda yari igisigaye giguma kuri Gandhi. Mu 1971, umudamu w'icyuma yatsindiye amatora y'abadepite, kandi muri uwo mwaka wa USSR yashyigikiye igihugu mu ntambara yo mu Indo-Pakisitani.
Ibiranga ikiranga inama
Ku ngoma y'Umugore wa mbere w'Ubuhinde, Minisitiri w'intebe muri Leta yatejwe imbere n'inganda, isabanyabubasha ry'amashanyarazi, kandi iburanisha ry'imari rya mbere ryakozwe, rimaze kugerwaho mu buhinzi, ryemerera Ubuhinde, bwemerera Ubuhinde amaherezo ukureho ibiryo bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Ibintu byifashe nabi cyane kubera intambara na Pakisitani, byateje imikurire y'amakimbirane akomeye no kugabanya ibipimo by'ubukungu. Mu 1975, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwategetse Indira kwegura, kubashinja ko arenga ku mategeko y'amatora mu myaka ya za 1971. Icyakora, Gandhi yakoresheje ingingo 352 z'itegeko nshinga rya Leta kandi batangaza ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu.
Mu butegetsi bwa pe, ubukungu bw'Ubuhinde bwatangiye kwerekana ibipimo byinshi byongere ku mutima, byongeyeho, iherezo rituma amakimbirane ashingiye ku madini yari hafi.
Ariko, byari igiciro kinini: Uburenganzira bwa politiki nubwisanzure bwabaturage byari bike, inyandiko zose za opozisiyo zahagaritse akazi kabo.
Igipimo kidakunzwe cyane kivuga ko muri iki gihe cyaranduye. Ubwa mbere, abantu batanze gukora kubushake ubwo buryo, bahabwa amafaranga make. Ariko nyuma yigihe runaka, guverinoma yemeje ko umuntu wese umaze kubyara abana batatu agomba kugabanuka, kandi umugore utwite umwana wa kane yoherejwe ku gahato gukuramo inda.
Uburumbuke bukabije buri gihe ni kimwe mu bitera ubukene mu Buhinde, ariko ingamba nk'izo, gutesha agaciro icyubahiro n'icyubahiro by'umuntu, byari bikabije. Indira Gandhi yakiriye izina ryamazina yumudamu wicyuma. Amagambo yacyo kandi kugeza na nubu aterwa inkunga numwuka wo gufata icyemezo. Umunyapolitiki yakunze kwemererwa ibisubizo bikomeye, sisitemu yo hagati yahimbwe kandi yatandukanijwe nurwego runaka rwabagome. Kubwibyo, mu 1977, mu matora y'abadepite ubutaha, Gandhi yaguye muri crat.
Garuka kuri Arena ya politiki
Gradidi, aracyashoboye kugarura ibyamamare bwe. Nubwo ibyinshi mu byemezo bye byambere byari ibintu byingenzi, bishimishije ni uko ishyanga ryongeye kwizera "umukeza wicyuma".
Mu 1978, Indira yashyizeho icyiciro gishya cya inc (kandi), maze mu 1980 yongeye kuba Minisitiri w'intebe w'igihugu. Imyaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bw'umunyapolitiki yari ifashe cyane cyane kunoza wa Sataschats, ni ukuvuga gushimangira umwanya w'igihugu mu kibuga mpuzamahanga. Rero, Imbaraga zayo Ubuhinde buyoboye umutwe udahuje.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Hamwe nuwo mwashakanye, Gandhi Indira yamenyereye mu Bwongereza. Yamurongoye mu 1942. Ubu bukwe ntabwo bwahuye n'imigenzo y'idini n'imiryango ishingiye ku Buhinde: Ferosis yabereye kuri Pars, na Indira, nubwo yari afite Umuyahudi, cyangwa umugore wa Kazakisitani akomoka mu bundi buhinde. Nyuma y'ubukwe, umunyapolitiki yafashe izina rya nyuma umugabo we yambaraga, nubwo atari mwene wabo Mahatma Gandhi.
Abashakanye bavutse abahungu ba Rajiv na Sanjay, bamaranye igihe kinini mu nzu ya sekuru. Feroz yapfuye mu 1960, maze mu 1980, mbere gato y'umwicanyi rw'Umwira ubwayo, umuhungu we Sanjay yapfiriye mu mpanuka y'indege. We, mubindi, yari umujyanama wingenzi wa politiki kuri nyina.
Ubwicanyi
Mu myaka ya za 1980, Guverinoma y'Ubuhinde yinjiye mu guhangana na Sikhami, cyane cyane babaga muri Leta ya Punjab. Sikhi yashakaga kuba umuryango wigenga kandi ntashingiye ku mbaraga za leta. Bigaruriye urusengero rwa zahabu giherereye muri Amritssar kandi kuva kera bafatwa nk'igitungo. Intambwe yo gusubiza ni igikorwa cyitwa "inyenyeri y'ubururu", aho urusengero rwafashwe, kandi harapfa abantu magana atanu.
Urupfu rw'Ubura Gandhi rwabaye kwihorera leta ya Sikhov mu gihugu. Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 1984, politiki yishe abashinzwe kurinda Sikhi. Amasasu umunani atavuye ku byiringiro by'agakiza ka Minisitiri w'intebe yarekuwe muri iki gihe ubwo yajyaga mu yinjira mu biganiro na Plavilwright Peter Utinov.
Gushyingura Indira byabereye mu ngoro ya TIn Murtee, miriyoni z'Abahinde baza ku muhango wo gusezera. Muri 2011, film dozeding kuri politiki idasanzwe yo mu Buhinde yari yafashwe amashusho mubwongereza.