Biography
Indira Gandhi akaberekwa munaNovember 19, 1917 muguta reIndia reAllahabad. Musikana ane zita rinoshandurwa se "nyika yemwedzi", akaberekerwa mumhuri yehuwandu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Baba Indira ndiyo yekutanga gurukota reAndia neJavaharlal, sekuru vake vaive musoro weIndia National Congress, uye amai veKamala naamborenhema
Mhuri yake yakatungamira kune vanhu vasina kujairika vevanhu vaishayiwa neIreira zvishoma indira kubva paudiki. Ari kuBiennium, akatokwanisa kutaurirana nemurume akadai saMahatma Gandhi, uyo anoonekwa sababa chaivo verudzi rweIndia. Maererano nezano rake, neIdira, aine makore masere aine makore masere, akaronga nayo mubatanidzwa wake wechiitiko. Pamwe chete pamwe nehama dzake, musikana uyu akaitwa kurukova mumba maSekuru. NaGandhi, ramangwana rezvematongerwo enyika vakasangana gare gare, sezvaungaona pamifananidzo yakawanda.
Mumhuri yake, indha yakazova iye oga mwana, uye saka vabereki vakabhadhara zvakanyanya. Sezvo mutemo wacho wagara uchiita basa rakakura kumhuri yeNero, musikana uyu haana kurambidzwa kuteerera kuti vakuru vanotaura nezvematambudziko ekukurumidzira eIndia. Uye baba vevaIndo vachange vari mutorongo, akanyora mwanasikana wakawanda, akagovana nheyo dzake, zviitiko uye maonero ekuti anofanirwa sei kuve neramangwana renyika yavo.
Dzidzo
Semwana, Indira Gandhi akagamuchira dzidzo, kunyanya kumba. Akazopinda muYunivhesiti muChanniniichentan, pasina nguva pfupi yakamanikidzwa kusiya kudzidza kwake. Mai vemusikana vairwara, uye aifanira kuenda naye kuEurope, uko Kamal nehru akaedza kuporesa mumakiriniki akanakisa.
Kuti usarasikirwa nenguva, Indira yakafunga kuramba uchidzidza muOxford. Nekuda kwekuti musikana aiziva chiLatin zvakashata, zvaigoneka kupinda muyunivhesiti yakakurumbira neyechipiri kuedza. Asi sainzi yezvematongerwo enyika, nhoroondo, sainzi yezvematongerwo enyika uye hupfumi zvakapihwa kwaari pasina kuoma zvakanyanya.
Muna 1935, Kamala afa kubva ku tuberculosis. Indira uye iye amene akatadza kuzvirumbidza nehutano hwakanaka, izvo zvaiwanzokanganiswa nekudzidza uye kusiiwa kurapwa muSwitzerland. Mushure meimwe yezendo idzi, musikana uyu anga asisiri kugona kudzokera kuEngland, sezvazviri, akatemwa kubva mairi nevaNazi. Kuti udzokere kumba, Indira yaifanira kuita nzira refu kuburikidza neSouth Africa.
Basa rezvematongerwo enyika
Muna 1947, mushure mekusununguka kweIndia, kuumbwa kwehurumende yekutanga yenyika uye kusarudzwa kwenyika yeJavaharlal Prime, mukuru wekutanga weIndia, mwanasikana wake akava munyori wemunhu wababa vake. Kunyangwe INDIRA YAKAITWA YAKO YEMhuri Panguva iyoyo, akatarisisa kushanda uye asingawanzo kuperekedza hama yepamberi mumatambudziko ese ebhizinesi ekunze. Kusanganisira, akashanyira The USSR, baba vake vakaenda ikoko.
Mushure mekufa kweNehru muna 1964, Gandhi akava mutevedzeri weimba yepazasi yeParamende yeIndia, uyezve - gurukota remashoko neradio radio. Indira yakamiririra iyo Indian National Congress, iyo yakawanda yakawanda yenyika yenyika. Muna 1966, akava mutungamiri weEcc Party, uye akagamuchirawo chinzvimbo chemutungamiri wenyika yemamiriro ekunze. Akava mumiriri wechipiri wepasirese weanomiririra asina kusimba, ayo akakwanisa kuenda kumutungamiriri wemutungamiri.
Indira gandhi akatsigira nyika yemibhangi yeIndia, pamwe nekuvandudza hukama kubva kuUSSR. Nekudaro, venhau vashoma vevamiriri veInc, avo vaisada pfungwa yekunyepedzera masangano emari, kana brezhnev uye nyika shure kwake havana kufara nebasa reHurumende yeIrira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, bato rakakamurwa, asi rutsigiro rwevanhu rwakanga rwuripo rweGandhi. Muna 1971, mukadzi weIndia weSimbi akahwina sarudzo dzeparamende zvekare, uye mugore rimwe chete USSR akatsigira nyika muhondo yeIndo-Pakistani.
Hunhu hwezvemabhodhi
Munguva yeKutonga kwemukadzi weIndia wekutanga, mutungamiriri mudunhu racho aive achiwedzerwa neindasitiri, nyika yekutanga yemibhengi yakavakirwa uye yakabudirira, yakabudirira, iyo yakazotarisirwa mukurima, iyo inobvumidzwa India pakupedzisira bvisa zvekunze zvekudya.
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akashamisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwehondo nePakistan, iyo yakakonzera kukura kwekukonzeresa kupokana kwakanyanya uye kuderedza zviratidzo zvehupfumi. Muna 1975, Dare Repamusorosoro rakaraira kuti rirege kusiya basa rekupomera mhosva yemutemo wesarudzo mumutemo wesarudzo panguva yemasarudzo 1971. Nekudaro, gandhi deftly kuisa zvinyorwa 352 zvebumbiro reHurumende uye yakazivisa mamiriro enzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze.
Munguva yehurumende yepe, hupfumi hweIndia hwakatanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvakawanda, mukuwedzera, kuguma kwekuita kwekunetseka kwekupokana kwakapotsa kwapera.
Nekudaro, yaive mutengo wakakura kwazvo: Kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika uye rusununguko rwevagari vemo rwakaganhurirwa, zvese zvinopesana nekushora kwakarega basa ravo.
Iyo isingafarire kwazvo chiyero chekuti iyo IREDZA yakagamuchirwa panguva ino yaive nzvimbo. Pakutanga, vanhu vakapa nokuzvidira kuita maitiro aya, vachigamuchira mamwe mari yemari pachinzvimbo. Asi mushure menguva yakati, hurumende yakasarudza kuti murume wese anga atove nevana vatatu anofanira kumanikidzwa kusungwa, uye mukadzi akava nepamuviri nemwana wechina akatumira kubvisa nhumbu.
Kubereka kwakakwirira kuri kuita kamwe chete kwechikonzero chikuru chehurombo muIndia, asi matanho akadai, anoshatisa rukudzo nerukudzo rwemunhu, akange achiri kunyanyisa. Indira gandhi akagamuchira zita rezita remukadzi weIndia weIndia. Quoter yayo uye nanhasi zvinokanganiswa nemweya wekusangana. Zvematongerwo enyika kazhinji kazhinji akagamuchira mhinduro dzakaoma, masisitimu akagadzirirwa epakati uye akasiyaniswa nemhando yepamusoro yeutsinye. Naizvozvo, muna 1977, musarudzo dzinotevera dzeparamende dzakatevera, Gandhi akawa kunze kwegrac.
Dzokera kune zvematongerwo enyika Arena
Gradidi, achiri akakwanisa kuwanazve mukurumbira wake. Kunyangwe akawanda emasarudzo ake ekare aive echokwadi, zvinonakidza chokwadi ndechekuti rudzi rwacho zvakare rwakavandazve mu "mukadzi wesimbi" wake.
Muna 1978, Indira yakagadzira batch itsva (uye), uye muna 1980 zvakare yakava mutungamiri wenyika. Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika akabatwa anonyanya kuvandudzika, kureva kuti, kusimbisa chinzvimbo chenyika muInternational Arena. Saka, iyo inoedza India yakananga kufambisa isina kujairika.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nemumwe wake weremberi, Gandhi Indira akaverengerwa kuEngland. Akamuroora muna 1942. Muchato uyu hauna kuenderana netsika nedudziro dzeIndia: Iyo Forosis yakaitika kubva kuPRS, neIdira, uye Indira, kunyangwe runyerekupe rwevaJudha, kana mukadzi weKazakh aive mumwe weIndia Caste. Mushure memuchato, wezvematongerwo enyika akatora zita rekupedzisira kuti murume wake aipfekwa, kunyangwe iye anga asiri hama yeMahatma Gandhi.
Vabati vakaberekerwa vanakomana vaRajiv naSanjay, avo vakapedza nguva yakawanda muimba yasekuru vavo. Feroz akafa muna 1960, uye muna 1980, nguva pfupi arege kuuraya pachayo isati yasvika, mwana wake mudiki Sanjay akafa mundege yendege. Iye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, yaive zano rezvematongerwo enyika kuna amai vake.
Kuponda
Muma1980s, hurumende yeIndia yakapinda kusangana naSikhami, mazhinji acho akagara mudunhu rePunjab. Sikhi aida kuve anozvigadzirira nharaunda uye asingaverengere pasimba repakati. Vaigara tembere yegoridhe iri mune Amritsar uye kwenguva yakareba vakafunga kuti huru huru. Nhanho yekupindura yaive basa rinonzi "nyeredzi yebhuruu", panguva iyo tembere yakatorwa, uye kurongeka kwevanhu mazana mashanu vakafa.
Rufu rwevaIndira gandhi ridzorerwa kwehurumende yeSikhovi yeSikhove yenyika. Musi wa28, 1984, zvematongerwo enyika akauraya varidzi veSikhi. Mabhomba masere asina kusiya tariro yekuponeswa kwemutungamiri wemutungamiriri aimunzwa panguva iyoyo paakaenda mukubvunzurudza neChirungu Playring Peter Ustinov.
Iyo indira indira yakaitwa kuTin mumree House Palace, mamirioni eIndia vagari vemo vaiuya kumhemberero. Muna 2011, iyo yerwiyo rondedzero pane yakasarudzika yeIndia yematongerwo enyika yemutungamiriri wezvematongerwo enyika yakamiswa muUK.