I-Biograge
ULewis Carroll wazalelwa edolobhaneni laseDarsbury in English County Cheshire ngoJanuwari 27, 1832. Uyise wayengumpristi wesifunda, wahlanganyela nokwakheka kwamaLewis, kanye nezinye izingane. Sekukonke, kwazalwa amantombazane amane namantombazane ayisikhombisa emndenini womndeni weCarroll. ULewis wazibonakalisa ehlakaniphile futhi ehlakaniphile.
UCarroll wayengashiywe i-ledsche, okuyikhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ebonwa ngabantu benkolo abangazenzeli kangako njengamanje. Umfana wenqatshelwe ukubhala ngesandla sakhe sobunxele wamphoqa ukuthi asebenzise okulungile, okwakuyimbangela yokulimala kwengqondo futhi kwaholela ekutheni kube stuttering kancane. Abanye abacwaningi bathi uLewis Carroll yi-autistic, kepha akukho mininingwane enembile ngayo.
Emnyakeni oneminyaka eyishumi nambili, uLewis waqala ukutadisha esikoleni esizimele sohlelo lolimi esiseduzane naseRichmond. Uthande othisha nalabo afunda nabo ekilasini, kanye nomkhathi esikhungweni esincane semfundo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1845, umfana wadluliselwa esikoleni sikahulumeni esinemfashini, lapho ukubaluleka okukhulu kwahlanganiswa nokuqeqeshwa kwabafana namagugu amahle amahle.
Lesi sikole esincane saseCarroll sithandwa kakhulu, kepha wafunda kahle kuyo iminyaka emine waze wabonisa amakhono amahle eMfundiso yenkolo kanye nezeMathematics.
Ngo-1850, insizwa ethile yangena ekolishi likaKristu - isonto e-University of Oxford. Ngokuvamile, akafundanga kahle, kepha akhombisa amakhono avelele wezibalo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uLewis wathola isikhundla seBachelor, wabe eseqala ukufunda izinkulumo zakhe kuzibalo esontweni. Wayeganwe eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi nambili nengxenye: Uthisha lowo msebenzi baletha imali etholwa kahle kumfundisi, yize ekuthola kuyisidina.
Njengoba izikhungo zemfundo ngalezozinsuku zahlangana kakhulu nezinhlangano zezenkolo, zithathwe endaweni eposini, uLewis wayephoqelekile ukuba athathe iSan. Ukuze ungasebenzi ePherishi, wavuma ukuthatha i-san diac, wenqaba amandla ompristi. Ngisho nasekuqeqesheni ekolishi, uCarroll waqala ukubhala izindaba ezincane nezinkondlo, wabe eseqhamuka nale pseudonym (eqinisweni, igama lalowo mlobi - uCharles Littlezh DODzhson).
Indalo ka-Alice
Ngo-1856, iCherish Cherch College yaguqulwa nguDean. Isazi sefikoleli kanye ne-lexicographher Henry Liddell, kanye nonkosikazi wakhe nezingane ezinhlanu bafika e-Oxford basebenza kulesi sikhundla e-Oxford. ULewis Carroll washeshe waba abangane nomndeni wakwaLiddelov futhi waba ngumngane wabo othembekile iminyaka eminingi. Ungomunye wamadodakazi ombhangqwana oshadile, u-Alice, owawuneminyaka emine ubudala, waba ngumbono kuwo wonke ama-Alice owaziwa kakhulu emisebenzini edumile kakhulu ye-Carroll.
Umbhali uvame ukutshela izingane zeHenry Liddell Funny Fairy Tales, izinhlamvu kanye nemicimbi aqamba uhambo. Ngandlela thile, ehlobo lika-1862, ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngesikebhe, uLittle Alice Liddell wacela u-Lewis uLewis ukuthi waphinde waqamba indaba ethokozisayo yakhe nodadewabo uLorin no-Edith. UCarloll unakekelwa ngentokozo futhi watshela amantombazane inganekwane ethokozisayo mayelana nokufika kwentombazanyana ewele emgodini wonogwaja omhlophe eZweni elingaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuze amantombazane alalele athakazelisa ngokwengeziwe, wenza umlingiswa ophambili njengo-Alisa esimweni esithile, futhi angeze ezinye zezimpawu zohlamvu lwesibili luka-Edith noLorin. ULittle Leeddell wajabula ngendaba futhi wafuna ukuthi umlobi azoqopha ephepheni. UCarroll wenze kuphela ngemuva kwezikhumbuzo eziningana futhi unikeze u-Alice ngokomthetho umbhalo wesandla obizwa ngokuthi "Alice's Adventures ngaphansi komhlaba". Kamuva wathatha le ndaba yokuqala njengesisekelo sezincwadi zakhe ezidumile.
Izincwadi
Imisebenzi yakhe yezenkolo - "Alice eWonderland" kanye ne- "Alice ku-Casmodist" - uLewis Carroll wabhala ngo-1865 no-1871, ngokulandelana. Indlela yakhe yokubhala izincwadi ibingafani nanoma yiziphi izitayela zomlobi ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba umuntu edala kakhulu, enomqondo ocebile kanye nomhlaba wangaphakathi, kanye nesibalo esivelele esinokuqonda okuhle kakhulu, wadala uhlobo olukhethekile lwe- "Gradexical Nettery".
Izinhlamvu zakhe kanye nalezo zimo lapho ziwela khona akuhloselwe ukushaya umfundi ngobuwula kanye nongenangqondo. Eqinisweni, bonke balandela umbono othile, futhi lokhu kuphambene nakho kuthathwe ubuwula. Ngendlela engajwayelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho ne-anecdotic, i-lewisis Carroll ngokusobala futhi ngomusa ithinta izingqinamba eziningi zefilosofi, iphikisana ngokuphila, ukuthula nendawo yethu kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, lezo zincwadi zaphenduka hhayi ekufundeni kokuzijabulisa kwezingane, kodwa futhi nezinganekwane ezihlakaniphile zabantu abadala.
Isitayela esiyingqayizivele sikaCarroll sivela kweminye imisebenzi, yize bebengathandwa kangako njengezindaba ezikhuluma nge-Alice: "Ukuzingela i-SNARMARA", "Silvi noBruno imisebenzi", "ama-Euclidean kanye nomhlaba wakhe Izimbangi "," Kuthiwa u-Achille, "Allen Brown and Carr".
Abanye bathi uLewis Carroll kanye nezwe lakhe belungeke babe yinto engajwayelekile kakhulu uma umbhali engazange asebenzise i-opium njalo (wahlushwa ama-migraines aqinile, futhi namanje athule). Kodwa-ke, ngaleso sikhathi, i-opium tincture yayiwumuthi odumile ezifweni eziningi, yayisetshenziswa ngisho nangezinhlungu zekhanda elikhanyayo.
Ngokuphila ngesikhathi kungumlobi 'wayenendoda enemibuzo.' Wahola impilo esebenzayo yezwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye wahlupheka ngenxa yesidingo sokuhlangabezana nokulindelwe okuthile komphakathi futhi elangazelela ukubuyela ebuntwaneni, lapho konke kwakulula khona futhi kungaba kunoma yisiphi isimo ukuba sihlale uqobo. KWESIKHATHI esithile wake wahlushwa ukuqwasha, futhi wachitha sonke isikhathi sakhe samahhala ngezifundo eziningi. Wayekholelwa ngokungemthetho ekuqhubekeni kweqiniso esaziwa ngathi futhi wazama ukuqonda okuthile okungaphezu kwesayensi yalesosikhathi kunganikeza.
Isayensi yezibalo
UCharles Dodzhyson empeleni waba yiMathematician ngempela: mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokho izimfumbe zemibhalo yakhe ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zihlukahlukene. Lapho umbhali engazange abhale izincwadi zakhe zobuciko, wayevame ukubandakanyeka emisebenzini yezibalo. Kuyiqiniso, akazange angenele emgqeni oyedwa ngokubuya kwe-galo, uNikolai Lobachevsky noma uJanuschi Boyai, kepha, njengoba abacwaningi banamuhla begubha, bathola emkhakheni we-Mathematical Logic, ehola isikhathi sakhe.
I-Lewis Carroll ithuthukise indlela yayo ye-Graphic yokuthola isisombululo semisebenzi enengqondo, eyayilula kakhulu ukwedlula imidwebo esetshenziswe ngalezo zikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Virtures Virtuoso yaxazululwa "ama-Dyspetes" - imisebenzi ekhethekile enengqondo equkethe ukulandelana kwama-syllogisms, ethatha iziphetho zomunye wazo iba ngumfuneko komunye, kanti wonke amaphasela asele ahlanganiswe nomsebenzi onjalo.
Isithombe
Enye inkanuko enkulu yombhali, ukuphazamisa ukuthi izithako zakhe namaqhawe angenzeka kanjani. Umdwebo wakhe wokubulawa kwakhe kwezithombe zakhe ngokwesitayela sokufanekisa, okuhlukaniswe yindlela ehleliwe yokuhlunga nokufakwa kwezinto ezingahambi kahle.Iningi lazo zonke uLewis Carroll lithanda izithombe ezinganeni. Wayejwayelene kahle omunye umthwebuli wezithombe othandwayo walezo zikhathi - u-Oscar Reyander. Kwakungu-Oscar owenza izithombe ezihamba phambili zombhali, ngokulandelayo ama-classics wobuciko besithombe maphakathi no-1860s.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlobi waholela empilweni esebenzayo kakhulu yezwe, okubandakanya, wayevame ukukhethwa emphakathini wabamele abahlukahlukene bezocansi okuhle. Kusukela ngasikhathi sinye nalokhu, wagqoka isihloko sikaProfesa kanye neDonocon, umndeni wazama ukuxhumana ngazo zonke izindlela uLewis owayengafuni ukuqeqesha amaLewis noma okungenani ukufihla izindaba ze-barreradity yakhe enesivunguvungu. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokufa kukaCarroll, indaba yakhe yempilo yakhe yaqhutshelwa ngokucophelela: Abasolwa ophila nabo bafuna ukudala isithombe somthengisi wezindaba owayenendaba enhle ababethanda kakhulu izingane. Kamuva, lokhu kungukuthi isifiso sabo sidlalwa nge-biography kaLewis.
UCarroll wayezithanda kakhulu izingane kakhulu, kufaka phakathi, embuthanweni wokuxhumana kwakhe, amantombazane amancane ayengamadodakazi abangane ngezikhathi ezithile - amadodakazi abangane kanye nozakwabo. Ngeshwa, owesifazane angazama isimo "sikankosikazi," futhi obani ababezomnika izingane zakhe, akatholanga iCarloll. Ngakho-ke, ngekhulu lama-20, ukujikisa phansi phansi kwe-biography yabantu abadumile nokusesha izinhloso zoFreudian ekuziphatheni kwabo kwaba nemfashini enkulu, lo mttery waqala ukusola ngobugebengu obunjengodosiya. Abanye abasekeli abashisekayo bomqondo walo mbono bazama ngisho nokufakazela ukuthi uLewis Carroll kanye noJack Ripper ngumuntu ofanayo.
Kwakungekho ukuqinisekiswa kwemibono enjalo etholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho: Zonke izincwadi nezindaba zabantu ababephila ngesikhathi, lapho umlobi ekhipha umthandi wamantombazane amancane, kamuva adalulwa kamuva. Ngakho-ke, uRuth Gamlen wathi umlobi wamema "ingane enamahloni eneminyaka eyi-12" eBowman, ngenkathi engokoqobo le ntombazane ngaleso sikhathi yayineminyaka engaba ngu-18 ubudala. Isimo siyefana ngendlela efanayo futhi nabanye okusolwa ukuthi amantombazane amancane kaCarroll, empeleni kwakubantu abadala impela.
Ukushona
Umlobi ushone ngoJanuwari 14, 1898, imbangela yokufa iyavuvukala kwamaphaphu. Ithuna lakhe liseGilford, emathuneni okukhuphuka.