Biography
I-Lewis Carroll yazalelwa kwilali yaseDarbury kwi-English County ngoJanuwari 27, 1832. Utata wakhe wayengumfundisi wecarish, wabandakanyeka ekwenzeni iLewis, kunye nabanye abantwana. Lilonke, amakhwenkwe amane kunye namantombazana asixhenxe azalwe kwintsapho ye-carroll. I-Lewis yazibonakalisa umfundi onobulumko nobuchule bokukrelekrele.
I-Carroll yayisekhohlo, ethi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba yabonwa ngabantu bonqulo, ukuba ayizoli kangako njengangoku. Inkwenkwe yayingavumelekanga ukuba ibhale ngesandla sasekhohlo kwaye yamnyanzela ukuba asebenzise ilungelo, eyayingunobangela wokulimala kwengqondo kwaye kukhokelele ekutsaleni kancinci. Abanye abaphengululi bayaphikisana ukuba i-LEWIS Carroll yi-Aution, kodwa akukho lwazi luchanekileyo malunga nalo.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinambini ubudala, uLewis waqalisa ukufunda kwisikolo sabucala segrama esikufuphi neRichmond. Wayezithanda ootitshala nabantu eklasini, kunye nemozulu kwiziko elincinci lemfundo. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1845, inkwenkwe yatshintshelwa kwisikolo sikarhulumente seRugby se-Rugby se-Rugby's fashoni, apho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqhotyoshelwe uqeqesho lomzimba namaxabiso amaKristu.
Esi sikolo se-Carroll sibathanda kakhulu, kodwa wafunda kakuhle kuyo iminyaka emine kwaye wabonakalisa ubuchule obuhle kwi-theologlogy nakwimathematics.
Ngo-1850, umfana wangena ekholejisweni ka-Kristu - Icawe kwiDyunivesithi yase-Oxford. Ngokubanzi, wayekufunda kakuhle, kodwa wabonakalisa ubuchule bezibalo ezibalaseleyo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, uLewis wafumana inqanaba leBachelor, emva koko laqalisa ukufunda ezakhe izifundo kwimathematics ecaweni. Wayezibandakanya ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini enesiqingatha: Umfundi ohlohlelayo wazisa umvuzo olungileyo kumhlohli, nangona wayekufumanisa kunomsindo.
Ukususela kumaziko emfundo ngezo ntsuku babedityaniswa ngokusondeleyo nemibutho yenkolo, bethathwa kwisithuba somhlohli, uLewis wayenyanzelekile ukuba athathe i-San. Ukuze angasebenzi kwipalamente, wavuma ukuthatha idayan, ewalahle amagunya oMbingeleli. Naxa uQeqesha ekholejini, uCarroll waqala ukubhala amabali amancinci kunye nemibongo, emva koko weza nalo pusemntwini (enyanisweni, igama langoku lombhali-charles lidzhson).
Ukudalwa kweAlice
Ngo-1856, iKholeji yeCherizi yeCherch yatshintshwa nguDean. Ugqirha we-filologist henry liiddell, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana abahlanu bafika e-Oxford ukuba basebenze kwesi sikhundla kwi-Oxford. Kungekudala iCarroll kungekudala yaba ngabahlobo kunye nosapho lweLiddelov kwaye waba ngumhlobo wabo othembekileyo iminyaka emininzi. Yenye yeentombi zesibini esitshatileyo, uAlice, owathi ngo-1856 wayeneminyaka emine ubudala, waba yi-prototype kuzo zonke ii-alroll ezivela kwezopolitiko.
Umbhali uhlala exelela abantwana bakaHenry Liddell fairy fairy faes, abalinganiswa kunye neziganeko awaziqalayo kwihambo. Ngandlel 'ithile, ngehlobo lowe-1862, ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqanawa, i-alicy liddell encinci yabuza i-lewis kuye ukuba iphinde iqalise ibali elinomdla kunye no-Edith. I-Carroll Bedly Beke ikhathalele ityala kwaye waxelela amantombazana njengentsomi yokuphefumla malunga ne-adventment yentombazana encinci eye yawela kumngxunya womvundla omhlophe.
Ukuze amantombazana aphulaphule umdla ongakumbi, wenza uphawu oluphambili olufana no-Alisa kwi-Alisa kwi-ALIISA kwi-ALISA kwisimo, kwaye wongeze ezinye iimpawu zesekondari zika-Edith kunye noLorin. ULededdell omncinci wavuyela ibali kwaye wacela ukuba umbhali angayirekhoda ephepheni. I-Carroll yenze kuphela emva kwezikhumbuzo ezininzi kunye ne-olice enikezelweyo ebhalwe ngu "Alice's Advents phantsi komhlaba". Emva kwexesha elithile wathabatha eli bali lokuqala njengeziseko zeencwadi zakhe ezidumileyo.
Iincwadi
Imisebenzi yakhe yonqulo-"UAlice enomdla" kwaye "uAlice kwi-Casmodist" - uLewis Carroll wabhala ngo-1865 no-1871, ngokwahlukeneyo. Indlela yakhe yeencwadi zokubhala zazingafani naziphi na izitayile zombhali ezazikho ngelo xesha. Njengomntu unobuchule kakhulu, kunye nengcamango yesityebi kunye nehlabathi elingaphakathi, kunye nomcimbi wezibalo obalaseleyo wokuqonda okugqwesileyo, wadala uncwadi olukhethekileyo 'loncwadi olukhethekileyo ".
Abalinganiswa bakhe kunye nezo meko zisilelayo ukuba zenziwanga ukuba babethe umfundi ngokungekho ngqiqweni kunye nabangenangqondo. Ngapha koko, bonke balandela ingcinga ethile, kwaye le nto imbi yaziswa kubugwenxa. Kwindlela engaqhelekanga, ngamanye amaxesha kwanefomu ye-anecdotic, i-lewis carroll ngobuqili kwaye ichaphazela imiba emininzi yentanda-bulumko, uxolo kunye nendawo yethu kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, iincwadi zajika zingapheleli nje ekufundeni abantwana, kodwa neentsomi zobulumko zabantu abadala.
Isitayile esikhethekileyo seKarrol sivela kweminye imisebenzi, nangona bengazange badume njenge-Alice: "Ukuzingela i-Snarka", "Amabali Anemisebenzi", "E-Euclidean kunye nelea yale mihla I-vinals "," I-turtle yatsho i-Achillsu, "iAllen Brown kunye neCarr".
Abanye bathi, i-lewis ye-lewis kwaye ilizwe lakhe aliyi kuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukuba umbhali akasebenzisanga qho kwi-opium rhoqo (wabandezeleka ngenxa ye-migraine eqinileyo, kwaye esasibonakalalisa ngokungabonakaliyo). Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha, i-opium timeletion yayiliyeza elidumileyo kwizifo ezininzi, lalisetyenziswa nangentloko elula.
Abantu ababethandana nabo baxelele ukuba umbhali '' unemibuzo. " Wakhokela ubomi obusesikweni olusebenzayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwanexhala lokudibana nolindelo oluthile lwasentlalweni kwaye banomdla wokubuyela ebuntwaneni, apho yonke into ibikhona nakweyiphi na imeko. Kangangexesha elithile wade wabandezeleka ngenxa yeSlomiya, wachitha lonke ixesha lakhe lasimahla ngenxa yezifundo ezininzi. Ngokwenene wayekholelwa ekuhambeni kanye kanye into eyinyani yaziwa kwaye wazama ukuqonda into engaphezulu kwesayensi yelo xesha.
IMathematics
UCharles Dodzhysson wayengumntu onesithukuthezi: Mhlawumbi ngokuyinxenye ke ngoko iintsomi zezicatshulwa zakhe zinzima kwaye zahlukile. Xa umbhali engazange abhale iincwadi zeMalimerietia, wayehlala ebandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yezibalo. Ewe kunjalo, akazange alandele umqolo omnye ngokubuya kweGalois, uNikolai Lobaai, nangona kunjalo, ukuba abaphandi bale mihla babhiyozela, bakhokela ixesha lakhe.
I-Lewis Carroll iphuhlise indlela yayo yemizobo yokufumana isicombululo kwimisebenzi esengqiqweni, eyayilunge ngakumbi kunemizobo esetyenziswa ngala maxesha. Ukongeza, umthengisi webali we-theruposo usonjululwe "- imisebenzi ekhethekileyo esengqiqweni equka ukulandelelana kwezi-sylilogisms, ithathe isigqibo sokuya kwenye, ngelixa iipasile ezisele zadityaniswa nomsebenzi onjalo.
Ifoto
Omnye umbhali wombhali, ukuphazamisa apho kuphela amatayile akhe kunye namagorha akhe anokufotwa. Umzobo wakhe wokupheliswa kwefoto yakhe yeyokindlela ye-pictorialsm, eyahlula-hlulwa ngendlela yokufota kunye nokufakwa kwezinto ezingalunganga.Uninzi lwazo zonke i-lewis carroll bathanda ukufota abantwana. Wayezana nomnye umfoti odumileyo waloo maxesha - uOscar Reylander. Yayingu-Oscar owenze enye yeyona mifanekiso ilungileyo yombhali, kamva iiklasi ze-Artics Arges eziphakathi kwi-1860s.
Ubomi Buqu
Umbhali wakhokelela ebomini behlabathi, kubandakanya, kwakuhlala akhethekwa eluntwini amagosa ahlukeneyo esini esihle. Ukususela ngaxeshanye noku, wayenxibe itayitile yoNjingalwazi kunye neDiolone, le ntsapho izame ukunxibelelana ngazo zonke iindlela ezingafunekiyo ukubaqesha amabali okanye ubuncinci ukufihla amabali e-vareradity yakhe. Ke ngoko, emva kokusweleka kukaCarroll, ibali lakhe lobomi bakhe lalifumana ngononophelo: amaqabane aphilayo afuna ukudala umfanekiso wombali webali eliqathayo awayebathanda kakhulu abantwana. Emva koko, lo ngumnqweno wabo odlalwa ngebhayiloji yeLewis.
UCarroll wayebathanda kakhulu abantwana, kubandakanya, kwisangqa kunxibelelwano, amantombazana amancinci ayengamaxesha amaninzi - iintombi zabahlobo noogxa. Ngelishwa, umfazi awayenokuzama inqanaba le "mfazi," kwaye ngubani oza kumnika abantwana bakhe, akazange afumane ngumfuzili. Ke ngoko, kule nkulungwane yama-20, xa sele ejika ezantsi kwebhayiloji yabantu abadumileyo kwaye ekhangela iinjongo zeFreudian kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo, waqalisa ukugxeka kolwaphulo-mthetho olunje njengoko uPedophilia. Abanye abaxhasi abanenzondelelo balo mbono bade bazama ukubonisa ukuba uLewis Carroll kunye neJack Ripper ngumntu omnye.
Kwakungekho ziqinisekiso zeethiyori ezinjalo ezifunyenweyo. Ngaphezu koko: Oonobumba kunye namabali abantu ababephila ngexesha, apho umbhali ekhupha umthandi wamantombazana amancinci, atyhilwa kamva. Ke, uRuteman wathi umbhali umeme "umntwana oneentloni kwi-12 ubudala" kwi-Bowman, nangona wayekwintombazana yelo xesha wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Imeko iyafana ngendlela kunye nabanye abatyholwa ngamantombazana amancinci eCarroll, eneneni ababedala.
Ukufa
Umbhali wasweleka nge-14 kaJanuwari, 1898, unobangela wokufa kukuvutha kwemiphunga. Ingcwaba lakhe likwiGildford, emangcwabeni lokunyuka.