Biography
Lewis Carroll akaberekerwa mumusha weDarsbury muChirungu County Cheshire muna Ndira 27, 1832. Baba vake vaive mupristi weParishi, iyewo akaitawo kuumbwa kwaLewis, pamwe nevamwe vana. Muzvakazara, vakomana vana uye vasikana vanomwe vakazvarwa mumhuri yemhuri yemhuri. Lewis akazviratidza amene akangwara uye akangwara mudzidzi.
Carroll yaive yekubudiswa, iyo muzana muzana yezana regumi nemapfumbamwe yakaonekwa nevanhu vechitendero vasina kudzikama sazvino. Iye mukomana akarambidzwa kunyora neruoko rwake rweruboshwe ndokumumanikidza kuti ashandise kodzero, iyo yaive chikonzero chekukuvara kwepfungwa uye kwakatungamirwa pakukanda zvishoma. Vamwe vaongorori vanopokana kuti Lewis Carroll ndeye quistic, asi hapana ruzivo rwakakwana nezvazvo.
Pazera rine makore gumi nemaviri, Lewis akatanga kudzidza muchikoro chegirama chakazvimiririra chiri pedyo neRichmond. Aifarira vadzidzisi uye vaaidzidza navo, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze mune chidiki diki chedzidzo. Nekudaro, muna 1845, mukomana akatamiswa kuFashby's Chikoro chehurukuro, uko kwakakosha kwakanangana nekudzidziswa kwepanyama kwevakomana uye kukosha kwechiKristu kunonakidza.
Ichi chikoro chidiki Carroll chakafarirwa zvakanyanya zvishoma zvishoma, asi akadzidza zvakanaka mariri kwemakore mana uye akatoratidzira kugona kwakanaka kune dzidziso uye masvomhu.
Muna 1850, rimwe jaya rakapinda koreji reKrish-kereke kuYunivhesiti yeOxford. Kazhinji, akadzidza kwete zvakanaka, asi zvakadaro airatidza kugona kwemasvomhu. Makore mashoma gare gare, Lewis akagamuchira chinzvimbo chaBachelori, uye akabva atanga kuverenga hurukuro dzake mumasvomhu muchechi. Aibata mumakore anopfuura maviri nehafu: Mubatsiri webasa akaunza mari yakanaka kumudzidzisi, kunyange akawana ichiremerwa.
Sezvo masangano ezvedzidzo mumazuva iwayo aive akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nemasangano ezvitendero, akafungidzirwa kuti positi yemudzidzisi, Lewis aisungirwa kutora san yemweya. Kuti vasashande muaparidzi, akabvuma kutora Discon, achiramba masimba emupristi. Kunyangwe panguva yekudzidziswa mukoreji, Carrull yakatanga kunyora nyaya diki uye nhetembo, uye akabva auya aine pseudominm iyi (kutaura idi, zita razvino remunyori - Charles Littlez Dodzhson).
Kusikwa kweAlice
Muna 1856, iyo keri kekoreji yakachinjwa naDhiani. Philologist uye Lexicographish Henry Lenry Liddell, pamwe nemukadzi wake uye nevana vashanu vakasvika kubasa iri pachinzvimbo ichi muOxford. LEWIS Carroll munguva pfupi yakava shamwari nevemhuri yeLiddelov uye vakava shamwari yavo yakatendeka kwemakore mazhinji. Ndiwo mumwe wevanasikana vevakaroora, Alice, uyo muna 1856 aive nemakore mana, uye akava prototype kune vese vanozivikanwa emabhuku eCarroll.
Iye munyori anowanzotaurira vana vaHenry Liddell Funny Fair Faes, mavara nezviitiko zvaakanyora pane kuenda. Neimwe nzira, muzhizha ra 1862, panguva yekufamba kwechikepe, Little Alice Liddell akabvunza kuti auye zvakare kuti aumbezve nyaya inonakidza kwaari nehanzvadzi dzayo lorin naEdith. Carrolly ichifara kuti yakachengeta nyaya yacho uye yakaudza vasikana vanofemera ngarava yekufemera pamusoro pemusikana mudiki akawira pasi negomba renzvimbo chena mune nyika yepasi pevhu.
Kuti vasikana vateerere zvakanyanya kunakidza, akaita kuti hunhu hukuru hweAlisa muhunhu, uye zvakare akawedzera mamwe maitiro ezvemunhu eEdith naLorin. Little Leieddell akafara nenyaya yacho uye akadaidza kuti munyori ainyorere papepa. Carroll akazviita chete mushure memuyeuchidzo akati wandei uye akanyatso kupihwa mavara anonzi "alice's adventures pasi pevhu". Zvimwe gare gare akatora iyi nyaya yekutanga sehwaro hwemabhuku ake ane mukurumbira.
Mabhuku
Mabasa ake echitendero - "Alice muWonderland" uye "Alice muCismodist" - Lewis Carroll akanyora muna 1865 uye 1871, zvichiteerana. Maitiro ake ekunyora mabhuku aive asina kufanana chero yemunyori emunyori aivepo panguva iyoyo. Semunhu akasika kwazvo, aine fungidziro yakapfuma uye nyika yemukati, pamwe nemhando yepamusoro yemasvomhu nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwehunyanzvi, akasika mabhuku akasarudzika e "mabhuku anokosha".
Humunhu hwake uye aya mamiriro avanenge oda asina kuitirwa kurova muverengi nekusanzwisisika uye kusanzwisisa. Muchokwadi, vese vanotevera imwe pfungwa, uye iyi pfungwa pachayo yakaunzwa kusanzwisisika. Mune zvisina kujairika, dzimwe nguva kunyange anecdotic fomu, Lewis Carroll anokanganisa nenyaya dzakawanda dzehunhu, anopokana nezvehupenyu, rugare nenzvimbo yedu mairi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhuku akaitika kwete chete mukuverenga vana chete kune vana, asiwo ngano dzisingafare dzevakuru.
Mhando yakasarudzika yeCarrroll inoonekwa mune mamwe mabasa, kunyange dzaisave dzakakurumbira sezvakaita nyaya dzeAlice: Rwiyo "rwonzii rwonzi Akillu," Allen Brown uye Carr ".
Vamwe vanopokana kuti Lewis Carroll uye nyika yake yaisazoitika kana munyori asina kushandisa opium nguva zhinji (akatambura kubva pamigariro yakasimba (uye zvakare ichiri kutaridzika). Nekudaro, panguva iyoyo, opium tincture yaive mushonga wakakurumbira kubva kuzvirwere zvakawanda, zvakashandiswa kunyange nemusoro wakasviba.
Vakararama vacho vakaudzwa kuti munyori aive "murume ane quirks." Akaratidza hupenyu hwunoshanda hwenyika, asi panguva imwecheteyo akatambura nekudikanwa kwekusangana nezvimwe zvavanoshungurudza uye nekuda kwazvo kudzokera kuudiki, uko zvese zvaive nyore uye zvinogona kunge zviri mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu kuti arambe aripo. Kwenguva yakati akatotambura nekushaya hope, ndokushandisa nguva yake yese yemahara kuti awedzere kudzidza. Chaizvoizvo ainyatsotenda kupfuura zvese zvichizivikanwa kwatiri uye akaedza kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu chinopfuura sainzi yenguva iyoyo inogona kupa.
Masvomhu
Charles Dodzhyson aive chaiye mashiripiti emasvomhu: Zvimwe muchidimbu saka zvirahwe zvezvinyorwa zvake zvakanyanyisa uye zvakasiyana. Iye munyori asina kunyora mabhuku ake ehunyanzvi, aigara achiita mabasa esvomhu. Chokwadi, haana kuita mumutsara mumwe nekudzoka kweGallis, Nikolai Lobachevsky or Januschi Boyai, zvisinei, sevaongorori vemazuva ano, vakawana mumunda wemasvomhu, achitungamira nguva yake.
Lewis Carroll akagadzira its oga graphic maitiro ekutsvaga mhinduro yemabasa ane musoro, izvo zvaive zvakanyanya nyore pane madhiri anoshandiswa munguva idzodzo. Uye zvakare, iyo yenhasi virtuoso yakagadziriswa "Dyspetes" - yakakosha zvinhu zvine musoro zvinosanganisira kutevedzana kweimwe yeiyo inova prequisite kune imwe, nepo mapasuru ese akasara akasanganiswa mune rimwe basa.
Mufananidzo
Kumwe kudanidzira kwakakomba kwemunyori, kuti abvise kuti ndedzipi chete ngano dzisina kunaka uye magamba angadai akaiswa mifananidzo. Kudhirowa kwake kwekuuraya kwake kwepikicha ndekwemhando yekufananidzira, kusiyanisa nenzira isina kugadziriswa kweshizha uye kuisirwa kwegatives.Mazhinji ematunhu ese eLewis aidiwa kuti vatore mafoto. Ainyatsoziva neimwe yakakurumbira mifananidzo yenguva idzo - Oscar reyrander. Yaive oscar iyo yakaita imwe yemapikicha akanakisa emunyori, akazotevera zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi hwemufananidzo wepakati-1860s.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munyori ararama hupenyu hwenyika hunoshuwirira, kusanganisira, aigara achisarudzwa munharaunda yevamiriri vevanyori vakanyanya. Sezvo panguva imwe chete neizvi, akapfeka zita rePorofiti uye mudhikoni, mhuri yaiyedza kutaura munzira yega yega Lewis uyo aisada murairidzi, kana kuti angangoviga nyaya dzeDutu remhepo. Naizvozvo, mushure mekufa kweCarrroll, nyaya yake yeupenyu hwake yakanyatso kudzoserwa: Varidzi vechirume vakatsvaga kugadzira mufananidzo weanotarisirwa munhasi wenhau aida vana zvakanyanya. Pashure pacho, ichi ndicho chishuvo chavo chakatamba neLiwis's Biography.
Carroll anonyatsoda vana kwazvo, kusanganisira, mudenderedzwa rekukurukurirana kwake, vasikana vadiki vaigara nguva nenguva - vanasikana veshamwari uye pamwedzi. Nehurombo, mukadzi aaigona kuedza chimiro che "mudzimai," uye ndiani aizoomupa vana vake, haana kuwana carroll. Naizvozvo, muzana ramakore rechi20, nguva inoenda pasi peiyo Biography of Varume Vakakurumbira uye kutsvaga vavariro dzerudo mukuita kwavo kwakanyatsogadzirwa, nyanzvi yakatanga kupomerwa mhosva yakadai saPedophilia. Vamwe vanoshingairira vanoshingairira vanotsigira pfungwa iyi vakatoyedza kuratidza kuti Lewis Carroll uye Jack Ripper ndiye munhu mumwe chete.
Pakanga pasina mharidzo yefungidziro dzakadaro. Zvakare: Ese mavara uye nyaya dzezvikwata, umo munyori akasunungura mudiwa wevasikana vadiki, akazotaurwa pachena. Saka, Ruth Gamlen akataura kuti munyori akadaidza "mwana anonyara wemakore gumi nemaviri" kubva muuta, nepo musikana uyu panguva iyoyo aive aine makore gumi nemasere. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nenzira imwechete uye nevamwe vanonzi vasikana vadiki veCharrroll, iyo yaive chaiyo chaizvo.
Rufu
Iye munyori akafa muna Ndira 14, 1898, chikonzero cherufu chinopararira mapapu. Guva rake riri muGilford, mumakuva ekukwira.